1. Translate:
1. Caesaris adventus ab Ariovisto et suis cognitus est.
2. Caesar aliquid ab Ariovisto postulaverat.
3. Id fieri licebat.
   
4. Id quod Caesar postulaverat fieri licebat.
5. Caesar propius accesserat.
6. Ariovistus id sine periculo se facere posse existimavit.
7. Ariovistus id sine periculo se fieri posse existimavit.
2. Find in Caesar's original sentence above (the one at the very top):
1. A participle in an ablative absolute construction.
2. Two pluperfect subjunctives.
3. An imperfect subjunctive.
4. A present indicative.
5. A causal conjunction (be careful, it's not quod).
6. A comparative adverb.
7. Three prepositional phrases.
8. Two complementary infinitives.
9. A relative pronoun.
3. Write in Latin, using words from Caesar (plus voluit and nunc):
1. Caesar wanted Ariovistus to do what he had previously demanded at the parley.
2. He was now able to do what Caesar demanded without risk.
   

1. Find:
1. The direct object of respuit.
2. The subject of reverti.
3. The indirect object of denegasset.
4. An adverb modifying polliceretur.
5. To whom does suis refer?
6. What magnam modifies.
7. What tantis modifies.
8. The noun object of pro.
9. Two participles in an ablative absolute.
10. Two infinitives in indirect speech.
11. A verb in a nominal ut/uti clause.
1. A nominal ut/uti clause is a clause that, as a whole, acts like a noun.
   
2. Answer with one Latin word:
1. Quem Caesar ad sanitatem reverti arbitrabatur?
2. Quomodo Ariovistus pollicebatur id quod antea Caesari petenti denegavit?
3. De quo Caesar in spem veniebat fore uti Ariovistus desisteret?
3. Write in Latin with words from the passage above:
1. Ariovistus returned to sanity.
2. Previously Ariovistus refused something (aliquid) to Caesar.
3. Now (iam) Ariovistus promised it (id) voluntarily.
4. He acknowledged (cognovit) the great kindnesses of Caesar and the Roman people.
   

1. Find: (some of these are tricky)
   
1. The noun dictus agrees with.
2. The noun quintus agrees with.
3. Whether cum is a conjunction or a preposition here.
4. Two imperfect passive subjunctives.
5. A conjunction introducing an indirect command.
6. Two infinitives in indirect speech.
7. The subject of vereri.
8. A conjunction introducing a fearing clause.
9. Two verbs that are subjunctive because they are in indirect commands.
10. A future infinitive in indirect speech.
2. Write in Latin using words from the passage above:
1. Five (quinque) days were appointed for a parley.
2. Legates were being sent to and fro.
3. Caesar did not bring infantry to the parley.
4. Ariovistus feared lest he be surrounded.
5. Ariovistus said he would not come another way.

1. Answer the following:
1. causa is an ablative: T/F
   
2. tolli is in indirect speech: T/F
3. committere is a complementary infinitive: T/F
   
4. commodissimum is comparative: T/F
5. equitibus is in an ablative absolute: T/F
6. milites is a direct object: T/F
7. quam is an adverb: T/F
8. opus esset takes dative: T/F
   
9. haberet is in a fearing clause: T/F
2. Translate into Latin using words from the passage above:
1. The parley was not cancelled.
2. Caesar did not entrust his own safety to the Gauls' cavalry.
3. Caesar put soldiers of the tenth legion on horses.
4. The legionary soldiers were especially trusted by Caesar.
5. Caesar had as trusty a guard as possible.
6. There was need of action.

1. Answer as directed:
1. cum clauses referring to the past are always in the subjunctive: T/F.
2. se refers to Ariovistus: T/F.
3. habiturum has an understood esse with it: T/F.
4. pollicitum has an understood esse with it: T/F.
5. se is not the subject of rescribere: T/F.
6. grandis modifies planities: T/F.
   
2. Find:
1. An infinitive in indirect speech.
   
2. A litotes.
3. A comparative clause.
4. Two adverbs.
5. An indirect object.
6. A partitive genitive.
7. A possessive genitive.
   
3. Translate into Latin:
1. We promised to do something (aliquid) for them. aliquid eis facere polliciti sumus
   
2. We are doing more than we promised. plus quam polliciti sumus facimus
   
3. They said we were doing more than we had promised. nos plus quam polliceremur fecisse/facere dixerunt
   
4. Caesar put them (eos) in the position of a pretorian guard. Caesar eos in praetoriae cohortis loco rescripsit.
   
5. There was a plain about equidistant away from each camp.
6. They came to the place where (quo) the parley had been agreed upon.
   

legionem Caesar, quam equis devexerat, passibus ducentis ab eo tumulo constituit; item equites Ariovisti pari intervallo constiterunt. 3.1 Ariovistus, ex equis ut conloquerentur et praeter se denos ad conloquium adducerent, postulavit.

1. Answer with one word in Latin:
1. Quis legionem constituit? Caesar
   
2. Quid a Caesare devectum erat? legio
   
3. Passibus quantis a tumulo equites Ariovisti constiterunt? ducentis
   
4. Ut quantos equites ad conloquium adducerent Ariovistus postulavit? denos
   
2. Find:
1. an ablative of separation equis
2. the antecedent of quam legionem
   
3. an adverb item
   
4. an ablative expressing amount of distance from passibus ducentis
   
5. a reflexive pronoun se
   
6. an indirect command ut conloquerentur et praeter se denos ad conloquium adducerent
7. a subjunctive in primary sequence oops: sorry. There isn't one.
   
3. Write in Latin:
1. Caesar and Ariovistus stationed their soldiers 200 paces from the hillock. caesar et ariovistus milites suos ducentis passibus a tumulo constiterunt.
   
2. Ariovistus said that he would bring 10 soldiers besides himself. Ariovistus se denos milites praeter se adducturum esse dixit
   
3. Caesar's legion was stationed at an equal interval from the hillock. caesaris legio pari intervallo a tumulo constituta est.
   

1. True or false:
1. ventum est is intransitive. TRUE
   
2. beneficia is an indirect object. FALSE
   
3. quod ... quod ... quod all mean "the fact that" TRUE
4. quod meaning 'the fact that' usually takes indicative TRUE
5. but here, quod meaning 'the fact that' occurs with subjunctive TRUE
6. that is because it is in indirect speech (sort of) TRUE
7. and all subordinate clauses that are part of indirect speech are subjunctive. TRUE
8. you now understand why quod has subjunctive here. TRUE?
   
9. appellatus esset is in secondary sequence. TRUE
10. praemia is the direct object of consecutum. TRUE
2. Find:
1. An ablative of place where. ubi eo ventum est, Caesar initio orationis
2. An intransitive verb in the passive. ubi eo ventum est
3. A syncopated form. officiis 5 consuesse tribui
4. A superlative adverb. munera amplissime missa
5. A dative object of a verb. paucis contigisse
6. Two perfect infinitives. contigisse consuesse
7. A gerund causam postulandi iustam
8. What must be understood with consecutum to make it an infinitive. esse
   
9. What case is senatus? genitive in both cases
   
3. Write in Latin
1. On arrival, Caesar held (habeo) a speech. ubi eo ventum est, Caesar orationem habuit.
   
2. His kindnesses to them were mentioned/recounted. Sua in eos beneficia commemorabantur/commemorata sunt.
   
3. He mentioned that Ariovistus had been called king by the senate. Ariovistum a senatu regem appellatum esse commemoravit.
   
4. Many gifts were sent to Ariovistus and his people. multa munera ad Ariovistum populumque suum mittebantur/missa sunt.
   
5. He got many gifts from the senate and Caesar. multa munera a senatu Caesarique consequebatur/consecutus est.
   

1. What word in addition to amicitia means 'friendship,' 'relationship,' 'bond' here? necessitudo
   
2. With whom did Ariovistus and his people have reason for friendship? Haedui
   
3. Who held the chieftainship of all Gaul? Haedui
   
4. For how long had they held that chieftainship? omni tempore
   
1. What case, gender, and number are the following:
1. quam in quam veteres (trick question): it's an adverb "how"
   
2. iustae nom. pl. fem.
   
3. ipsis abl. pl. masc.
   
4. necessitudinis gen. f. sg.
   
5. senatus gen. sg. m.
   
6. honorifica neuter nom. pl.
   
7. totius gen. sg. f.
   
2. Put the following verbs in the passive, where possible:
1. docebat decebatur
   
2. intercederent intercederentur
   
3. facta essent trick question: already passive
   
4. tenuissent, principatus tentus esset
   
5. adpetissent adpetita esset
   
3. Write in Latin:
1. He pointed out how old a friendship there was between the Roman republic and the Haedui (use intercedo: imitate the passage).   Docuit quam vetus necessitudo (or amicitia) Haeduis cum re publica Romana intercederet (or intercesserit if you think this verb is prior in time to docuit)
   
2. He pointed out how many times decrees of the senate concerning them had been made. Docuit quotiens senatus consulta de iis facta essent.
   
3. Even before they sought Rome's friendship, the Haedui held the chieftainship of all Gaul. (careful, priusquam doesn't always take subjunctive: it does so when the clause refers to something that didn't happen or when there's some other reason for the clause to be subjunctive). Prius etiam quam populi Romani amicitiam adpetiverant, Haedui totius Galliae principatum tenuerant.
   

1. Populi Romani consuetudo est ut amicos nihil velit perdere.
   
2. Populi Romani consuetudo est ut socios auctiores velit esse.
3. Vos gratia, dignitate, honore auctiores volo esse.
4. Quis id pati potest?
5. Vobis haec ego non eripio.
6. Id quod afferunt vobis eripi non potest.
7. Noli bellum sociis infer!
8. Caesar ut obsides Ariovistus reddat postulat.
9. Germani Rhenum flumen transiverunt.
10. Caesar ut Ariovistus Germanos domum ad Germaniam mitteret postulavit.
1. T/F
1. This whole section is in indirect speech.
2. indirect speech started back after docebat in 6.1.
3. sui depends on nihil.
4. the antecedent of quod is id.
5. pati is a complementary infinitive dependent on posset.
6. legatis is an indirect object.
7. redderet is in secondary sequence.
8. it is hard to say what amplius agrees with or modifies.
9. it is nonetheless clear what amplius "more" means in the sentence.
10. Rhenum is the direct object of transire.
    
2. Find:
1. ablatives of specification/respect
2. An indirect object.
3. Two whole clauses in apposition to consuetudinem (a whole clause can basically be a noun, a 'nominal' clause). Actually, these are better analysed as subject of esse.
   
4. The negative conjunction that introduces an indirect command.

1. Translate the above passage.
   

1. Identify the grammatical subjects of these (answer with the Latin from the text wherever possible)
   
1. intulisse
2. venisse
3. habuisse
4. superatas esse
5. velint
6. esse
7. esse (second time)
8. pependerint
2. Find:
1. a dative object of a compound verb
2. a gerundive
3. 3 complementary infinitives
4. an infinitive that is (technically) the subject of esse
5. the gender of an infinitive
3. Type out the Latin direct speech version of the following: Remember, Ariovistus will be the one talking, and he, unlike Caesar, will use 'I.'
   
1. non sese Gallis, sed Gallos sibi bellum intulisse.
   
2. omnes Galliae civitates ad se oppugnandum venisse.
3. omnes Galliae civitates contra se castra habuisse.
   
4. eas omnes copias uno a se proelio pulsas ac superatas esse.
   
5. si iterum experiri velint, se iterum paratum esse decertare.
   
6. si pace uti velint, iniquum esse de stipendio recusare, quod sua voluntate ad id tempus pependerint.
4. Write in Latin using vocabulary from the passage above:
   
1. I have come to pay (pendo, pendere,pependi, pensum) you money (pecunia)
   
1. First, translate "to pay you" with a purpose clause.
2. Next, translate 'to pay you' with a gerundive.
2. We are prepared to try again.
3. It is not unfair to do what we are doing of our own volition.

REMEMBER that we Have Latin Day on Monday,and on WEDNESDAY, we will do all the green text below: CLAUSE ANALYSIS of those sentences

1. Translate:
1. amicitia mihi ornamento est. (look up "double dative" if you can't figure this out)
2. amicitiam mihi ornamento esse oportet.
3. Id hac spe petivi.
4. obsides dediticii sunt.
5. amicitiam recusabo.
   
2. Translate the above passage.
   

1.     Notes
1. the first quod means something like "as to the fact that" and it picked up by id again.
2. quod in "quod nisi rogatus" means 'the fact that'
3. prius .... quam means 'before,' but you translate it where the quam occurs, not where the prius occurs.
4. egessum has an understood esse
   
2. Translate:
1. multitudinem Germanorum traduco.
2. multitudinem Germanorum mei muniendi causa traduco.
3. multitudinem non Galliae impugnandae causa traduco.
4. nisi rogatus esset non venisset.
3. Translate the above passage.
   

1. notes
   
1. quid sibi vellet? and cur in suas possessiones veniret? are indirect question
2. suam provinciam goes together and hanc Galliam goes together
3. oporteret is impersonal and takes a complementary infinitive concedi
4. quod interpellaremus is a 'because' quod.
   
2. Translate the above passage.
   

1. notes
1. quod = 'as to the fact that'
   
2. usos esse takes abl.
   
2. Translate the above passage.
   

• Find:
1. Wherefore and whereby qui is an evil, dastardly, pernicious, iniquitous, and nefariously tricky word here (hint: it's not a pronoun!)
2. The main clause verbs in each sentence (there are 2).
3. Their subjects.
   
4. A complementary infinitive.
5. An ablative absolute.
6. A protasis.
   
7. The subordinate clause verbs that are in clauses directly dependent on those main clause verbs (there are 3).
8. A subordinate verb that is in a clause dependent on a clause that is dependent on a main clause: i.e. find the verb of a sub-sub-ordinate clause.
   
• Create a "clause analysis" of the above sentences.
• Translate:
1. Caesar had an army.
2. Caesar's army will crush Ariovistus.
3. Caesar had an army to crush Ariovistus.
4. Caesar was pretending friendship.
5. Ariovistus thought that Caesar was pretending friendship.
6. If you (will have) lead the army out of this region, I will consider you a friend.
   

• Find:
1. A protasis
2. Subject and object of the indirect speech use of the verb facio, facere, feci, factus.
3. Who does eorum, quorum omnium refer to?
4. A complementary infinitive.
5. How many clauses are there in this sentence?
6. What type of clause do you think habere is in: is it subordinate? to what? How does that work?
• Explain the situation described in this sentence in your own words.
  
• Translate:
1. He will kill him.
2. He will do a favor for many nobles.
3. He knows that for sure.
4. He can buy the nobles' friendship.
   

• Find:
1. The 2 main clause verbs here.
2. Who is the subject of decessisset and tradidisset?
3. Who is se?
4. Who is illum?
5. Who is the subject of vellet?
6. What is the direct object of confecturum?
• Challenge: reconstruct the original direct speech version of these sentences.
  
• Translate into Latin or English:
1. Possessionem Galliae eo tradidit.
2. He rewarded himself with a great prize.
3. You will accomplish these things without any labor.
4. He wanted to wage wars.

• Find:
1. The subject of dicta sunt.
2. The subject of posset.
3. The main verb of neque suam neque populi Romani consuetudinem pati.
4. An indirect question.
5. A complementary infinitive.
6. A nominal ut clause.
7. 4 secondary sequence subjunctives.
8. 2 adverbs.
   
• Interesting questions/issues:
  
1. in eam sententiam: the preposition in + acc. refers to movement toward, but not necessarily spatial or temporal movement: any non-literal use of a word is often called a 'figurative' use.
2. eam sententiam has an appositive that matches it here, a clause.
3. What kind of genitive is Ariovisti?
4. What is Caesar's negotium that he cannot desist from?
5. Who was Quintus Fabius Maximus and when did he live? Go find some Quinti Fabii Maximi and see if you can figure out which one this is. I suppose you can just find an annotation to a text of Caesar, but where's the fun in that?
   
6.  What case does ignovisset take?
• As always, translate Caesar's Latin.