Asian Longhorned Beetle Host Trees

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Annotated Categorization of ALB Host Trees
Alan Sawyer
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Otis Plant Protection Laboratory
Revised Feb , 2010
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Category¹

Genus²

Common Name

Host Abundance
and other notes³

Treated Surveyed⁴

Very good hosts	Acer	Maple, boxelder	Very common trees. Many US records, all species: Norway, red, silver, sugar, sycamore maple and boxelder especially favored; Amur maple less favored; Japanese maple seldom attacked.	Yes
	Aesculus	Horsechestnut, buckeye	Fairly common trees. Several US records, some heavily infested.	Yes
	Salix	Willow	Fairly common trees. Several US records: weeping, pussy and white willows highly favored; black willow (oviposition only) less favored.	Yes
	Ulmus	Elm	Very common trees. Many US records: American, Siberian and Chinese elms. Elms are apparently less preferred than maple.	Yes

Good hosts	Betula	Birch	Fairly common trees. Several US records: gray, European white and river birches. Some gray birches with many exits. Birches are apparently less preferred than maple.	Yes
Good hosts	Plantanus	Plane tree, sycamore	Common	Yes

Occasional hosts	Alizia	Mimosa, silk tree	Occasional ornamental. Exit holes: 2 records from field in NY with additional emergence in laboratory. No Chinese record	Yes
	Cercidiphyllum	Katsura tree, C. japonicum	Occasional ornamental. Four records from Worcester, MA,including 2 trees with exit holes	Yes
	Celtis	Hackberry C. occidentalis	Fairly common tree. Oviposition: 1 unverified record from IL, with small/medium-sized larva identified as ALB. No Chinese record.	Yes
	Fraxinus	Ash (especially green ash, F. pennsylvanica)	Very common tree, but injury infrequent relative to host abundance. Several US records, all from IL, most of these unverified (but at least two exit holes confirmed). Host in Chinese literature. Exit hole in green ash in Chinese field test.	Yes
	Populus	Poplar (excluding cottonwood)	Fairly common trees. Diverse group. Suitability apparently varies; some species and hybrids are prime hosts in China. Just 7 US records (NY, NJ), including balsam popular, P. balsamifera, Balm-of-Gilead (a hybrid cultivar), eastern cottonwood, P. deltoides, quaking aspen, P. tremuloides and unidentified Populus sp. Exit hole on quaking aspen, adults reared in lab from field-collected cottonwood.	Yes
	Sorbus	Mountain-ash	Occasional ornamental. Exit hole: 1 record from field in IL with additional emergence in laboratory. No Chinese record. Note: this is not a true ash; Sorbus is a member of the rose family.	Yes

Questionable hosts	Hisbiscus	Rose-of-Sharon, H. syriacus	Common ornamental shrub. Exit: 1 unverified report, NY; Oviposition: several records, NY, but no larval development, possibly incidental to heavy damage on nearby hosts. No Chinese record.	No
	Malus	Apple, crab apple	Common ornamental. Oviposition: 1 uestionable record, IL Host in Chinese literature. Oviposition observed in China.	No
	Morus	Mulberry	Very common tree. Oviposition: 1 record, NY. No Chinese record.	No
	Prunus	Cherry, plum	Very common ornamental. Oviposition: 2 records, NY & IL, but no survival. Host in Chinese literature.	No
	Pyrus	Pear	Common ornamental. Exit: 1 questionable record, IL. Host in Chinese literature.	No
	Quercus	Oak	Very common tree. Oviposition: 1 record, NY (incidental to heavy damage on nearby hosts). No Chinese record.	No
	Robinia	Black Locust	Common tree. Exit: 2 doubtful records, IL. Host in Chinese literature. Egg sites observed in China.	No
	Tilia	Linden, Basswood	Common tree. Oviposition: 2 records (IL & NY) but no survival. Host in Chinese literature.	No

No U.S. Record⁵	Alnus	Alder	Locally common tree or shrub. No US record. Host in Chinese literature. Exit hole observed in gray alder, A. incana, in cage study in China.	No
	Eleagnus	Silverberry, Russian Olive	Widely-planted ornamental shrub. No US cord. Host in Chinese literature; Heavy feeding amage and exit hole observed in China.	No
	Koelreuteria	Goldenraintree, K. paniculata	Occasional ornamental. No US record. Heavy feeding, oviposition sites and 2 exit holes observed in cage study in China.	No
	Melia	Chinaberry	Uncommon shrub. No US record; reported not to be a host in Chinese literature but damage observed.	No

Reported not to be hosts

Ailanthus

Tree of heaven

Common tree. No US record; reported not to be a host in Chinese literature.

¹Host status based on US records of infestation, field studies with North American trees planted in China and Chinese literature. Host range tests in laboratory and greenhouse settings not considered except as noted. See Hu et al. (2009) for a review of hosts with particular emphasis on the status of poplars in China.

²Host genera listed alphabetically within catagories.

³Host abundance based on program records , general oversvations of infested areas in NY and IL, and on Nowack, D.J., 1994. "Urban Forest Structure: the State of Chicago's Urban Forest." pp 3-18 In: E.G. McPherson et al., Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Forest Climate Project. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-186, USDA Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Sta., Radnor, PA.

⁴Included in surveys and chemical treatments by USDA Cooperative ALB Eradication Program in IL, NY and NJ.

⁵ Trees with no US record are reported to be hosts in china but have not been attacked in the US at this point

References

Hu, J., S. Angeli, S. Schuetz, Y. Luo and A. E. Hajek. 2009. Ecology and management of exotic and endemic Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis. Agric. For. Entomol. 11: 359-375.

Nowack, D. J., 1994, “Urban Forest Structure: The State of Chicago’s Urban Forest,” pp. 3-18 In: E. G. McPherson et al., Chicago’s Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-186, USDA Forest Service, NE Forest Experiment Sta., Radnor, PA