External resources for your final projects:

Please use the links listed here. To cite these in your report, you must include (in this order) the authors, the date, the title of the site or published work, the publisher or other source of the raw data, the page number or the http link.  Any other sources you use must be either published sources (i.e. journal articles, magazines or books). 

Plate motions

http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/geophysics/visualizations/PTMovements.html

This site has many links that provide information on plate motions and paleogeography for different time periods. Check out the Paleogeography and Geologic Evolution of North America link of this one: https://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/sedimentary/visualizations/paleogeo.html. Also check out the links on Accretionary Tectonics and Exotic Terrains.

Appalachian Mountain Formation

http://www.nvcc.edu/home/cbentley/gol_135/billy_goat/readings.htm

This site provides a model for how the Appalachians formed. It includes a review of the Taconic and Acadian Orogenies from the perspective of Virginia.

http://www.jamestown-ri.info/acadian.htm

This site explains the various orogenies that affected the Appalachians

https://trenton.mcz.harvard.edu/geologic-setting, http://csmgeo.csm.jmu.edu/geollab/vageol/vahist/H-MidO.html

These sites have some good images and animations of the Appalachian mountain-building events.

Rift-drift to collision

http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/Wilson/Wilson.html

This site goes through the various stages of rifting followed by collision and mountain building (called the Wilson Cycle).

Thrust belt terminology

http://courses.eas.ualberta.ca/eas421/lecturepages/thrust.html

This link has definitions for any kind of thrust-fold relationship conceivable.

Mountain building (orogeny) and tectonics

https://csmgeo.csm.jmu.edu/geollab/vageol/vahist/mtnmodel.html

This site explores the types of plate motions and features associated with making mountains.

Fault Bend Folds and Duplexes (animations)

http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/RWA/movies/

This site is the one we used in class.  It shows movies of a fault bend folds and duplexes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8L-6WIvVikI

This site has sandbox models of fold and thrust structures.

General information on faults, folds and other features

http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/learnstructure/index.htm

This site contains good summaries of structures.

http://folk.uib.no/nglhe/Emodules/Structure%20intro%20module.swf

This site is an e-book on structural geology and has very good images and descriptions. Usually it works with Firefox. 

Rock Cleavage and Metamorphism

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/metatexture.htm

This link has good sketches and definitions of the features associated with rock cleavage, which falls under the more generalized term ‘foliation.’ Here is a great article on how cleavage forms and the evidence for it:  Alvarez.pdf

http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/MetaRx/Metatexture.html

This document contains good summaries of metamorphism, including the formation of cleavage (foliations).

http://www.whitman.edu/geology/winter/

This site has is a powerpoint slide show on how to classify metamorphic rocks (look at chapter 22)

Erosion and foreland basins

https://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/parks/loc26.htm

This site describes an unconformity visible in New York State and its significance.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRWMWuL4Mak

This is a video on foreland basins around the globe and their significance.

http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/173895/1/19.pdf

This one describes unconformities related to an arc-continent collision in Taiwan

http://aviris.gl.fcen.uba.ar/Bibliografia/DeCelles_Giles_1996.pdf

This is a paper by Peter DeCelles and Katherin Giles that describes the terms and concepts of foreland basins.

Fluids, veins and faulting

https://www.nature.com/news/earthquakes-make-gold-veins-in-an-instant-1.12615

This site has information on how fault-related earthquakes can make veins of gold in an instant.

http://maps.unomaha.edu/maher/GEOL3300/week3/faultscaling.html

A website that reviews the evidence of fluid flow through faults.

https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2004/html/bull2004detachmentfaultrelated_mineraliz.htm

Minerals in large faults, as a result of fluid flow.

http://www.geomore.com/oil-and-gas-traps/

Oil and gas and how they relate to faults.

http://www.ged.rwthaachen.de/index.php?cat=Research&subcat=Fractures_and_veins&page=Fractures_and_veins_overview

A website with links to a detailed study of fractures and veins.