Redstone Lodge

By Grace Gartman

Built as the gardener’s cottage for the estate of A.A. Buell, Redstone Lodge (as it is now called), was built in 1891.¹ Nestled among a stand of spruce, the diminutive yet imposing Lodge is only a few yards from South Prospect Street. Prior to the construction of Redstone Lodge, there is possible evidence that a “wood frame” house sat “on or near the property.”² The Lodge was built to serve as partially a gate house, partially a residence for A.A. Buell’s gardeners. Made of “redstone,” the local stone for the home was likely sourced from the nearby Willard Quarry.³

Redstone Lodge is a small, two-story, nearly rectangular, four-by-two bay, steeply-pitched shingle-roofed residence in the Richardson Romanesque style, with a hexagonal stair tower rising up the front or southerly façade, and a small, one-story, slant-roof porch along the back or north elevation. The building faces Redstone Green and its west elevation is set back about thirty feet from South Prospect Street behind a low stone wall with an intervening sidewalk and grass strip.

The building’s name denotes the material with which the structure’s walls are composed of, a large, red, load-bearing stone set in random-coursed ashlar assemblage, primarily fenestrated with six-by-three windows with wide segmentally arched stone lintels.⁴

This architectural detail seen mimicking the Richardson Romanesque style links directly to the architects. Designed by the Buffalo, New York firm, Marling and Burdett, the lodge clearly connects in style to the main house, Redstone Hall. H.C. Burdett, one partner in the architecture firm, was a worker in H.H. Richardson’s office for a year in 1886.⁵ This connection to Richardson himself shows the obvious inspiration behind the design.

The Lodge was occupied by gardeners until the purchase of the site by the University of Vermont in 1921.⁶ Beginning in 1922, Hovey Jordan, a University professor, lived in the home. By 1926, professor of anatomy at the medical college, M.D. Powers lived in the home. And in 1933, beloved professor of philosophy, George Dykhuisen and his family live in the Lodge.⁷ Dykhuisen lived in the lodge the longest of the three however, and made several changes to the interior and exterior as his family stayed. The majority of the recorded evidence of these changes was found in the UVM Building Information Files contained in the Wilbur Collection at the University of Vermont Special Collections Library.

Dykhuisen’s ownership reveals that the residents at the Lodge were required to report the use of each room to the University of Vermont’s Office of Facilities Planning and Land Records, housed in Waterman Building. A letter to Dr. Dykhuisen from the office asks for records from the family on the use of each room in the lodge and changes undergoing each room.⁸ Dykhuisen returned layout maps of each floor and penciled in their uses.⁹

Additionally, Dykhuisen and his wife kept a notebook with changes made to the interior and exterior of the home, including wallpaper swatches and paint colors selected. This personal journal is a wonderful resource for specifics about the interior changes made by the Dykhuisen family, as it includes the dates of the projects, and even the contractors used for each project. The notebook also mentions that at least in the 1960s, all changes had to be authorized by the UVM director of Housing, Mr. Hedenburg.¹⁰ The primary exterior change, screening in the front porch, was noted in a June 15-19, 1970 entry in the notebook. Next to this change, not many exterior modifications of significance were made.¹¹

The Dykhuisen family ended their residency at Redstone Lodge in 1986, as the professor moved on from the University of Vermont. Since then, Redstone Lodge has been primarily used as a temporary housing facility.¹² The most recent change made to the Lodge logged in the permit history is the roof replacement for wear-and-tear reasons.¹³ At the time of this writing, the Lodge is unoccupied and undergoing interior renovations.

322 South Prospect Street - George Pease House

By Grace Gartman

Perhaps the most hidden of histories of a Redstone property is that of 322 South Prospect Street, formerly named the George Pease House.¹⁴ Today 322 South Prospect is known as the University of Vermont’s Continuing Education building. Catering to those not able to attend regular college course paths, continuing and distance education at the University of Vermont enables professionals, people who are homebound, or those with time constraints the opportunity to take satellite campus courses or online courses for certifications and professional development. Beginning around the 1920s, the Continuing Education office offered flexibility to the typical demand of a full-time load of college courses.¹⁵

The University of Vermont's managerial and central administrative offices of continuing and distance education moved to 322 South Prospect Street on April 26th of 1985. Based on property records and notices about the office’s move, this was one of the latest purchases for UVM's Redstone Campus.¹⁶

While not included in the 1991 National Register nomination, as 322 South Prospect lies outside that historic district, the property has a significant and varied history. Prior to its acquisition by the University of Vermont, it served primarily as a private residence. The clearest evidence of the property’s original use is in the Vermont Historic Sites and Structures Survey. Developed by the State of Vermont Division for Historic Preservation, the Historic Sites and Structures Survey details specifications and demographic information, in addition to architectural descriptions and condition assessments. The survey containing 322 South Prospect, conducted in 1979, lists the property as residential. The recorder, John C. Page, wrote that the property was built in 1912, as evidenced by city directories and the September 1912 Sanborn fire insurance maps.¹⁷ As confirmation, other research reveals that the house is included on a 1919 Sanborn fire insurance maps.¹⁸ The Historic Sites and Structures Survey lists the house’s architect as renowned Burlington architect Frank L. Austin. Most well known for his design of Burlington's Memorial Auditorium, Austin also designed the Central Fire Station, the Old Champlain School and the Burlington State Armory, among other Vermont institutional buildings.¹⁹

Designed by Frank L. Austin in the Colonial Revival style, and built by J. Bergeron on a concrete foundation with balloon framing and brick walls, the George Pease House has a side porch and a back shed or garage along with the main house. A Doric portico graces the front entrance.²⁰

George Pease and his wife, Jeannette S. Pease, lived in the home from its construction in 1912 until George’s death in 1926. The earliest evidence of the Pease couple living at the residence at 322 South Prospect street comes in a Help Wanted advertisement in the Burlington Free Press. On April 27th of 1915, an advertisement for a “competent general house-work girl” needed for “two in [the] family” was listed.²¹ This advertisement is the lone mention of the Pease couple in the newspapers until George’s death. The Burlington Free Press notes the following in George’s obituary in its March 1st issue of 1926: “George L. Pease, a prominent business man of this city, died at his residence at 322 South Prospect street early yesterday morning after a short illness.” The obituary goes on to list how Pease was a Vermont resident, born in Charlotte. Pease also was the manager of the Essex Manufacturing Company, a “most successful business house.” Curiously, Pease also helped to establish a large orchard on Shelburne road, that today serves as Shelburne Orchards.²²

After George’s death, his wife Jeanette remarried Dr. H.S. Phelps of New York City. In 1927, the couple moved into 322 South Prospect Street, as noted by the Vermont Alumni Weekly publication. Although included in the alumni publication, there is no mention made that either Jeanette Pease, nor Dr. Phelps were University of Vermont alumni. The section in the publication allowed for submission of information about friends in the Burlington area as well as alumni news.²³

Some time between 1927 and 1932, the property at 322 South Prospect Street was purchased by a Miss Margaret Whiting. The Burlington Free Press reported in November of 1932 that a church club associated with the College Street Church was to meet “at 322 South Prospect street, the residence of Miss Margaret Whiting.”²⁴ Miss Whiting is mentioned again in February of 1933 as 322 South Prospect is the home meeting place for College Street Church’s Missionary Society.²⁵ Later, it is revealed that Miss Whiting is an alumna of the University of Vermont, as she is listed as President of the Sigma Gamma Alumnae Association.²⁶ In February of 1933 Miss Whiting also held a rushing party for the Sigma Gamma Fraternity at her home, with hostesses dressed in “colonial costume.”²⁷ Miss Whiting’s role as a hostess for church groups shows a societal norm about women’s culture in the day, however the presence of a women’s fraternity at the University shows how women’s groups on campus were gaining traction. In June of that same year, Miss Whiting continued her role as hostess and socialite and used the residence at 322 South Prospect to host a garden party for the women’s fraternity (not yet called a sorority).²⁸ It was a year later, in June of 1934 at the Sigma Gamma Alumnae Association meeting that the women’s fraternity was first referred to as a sorority, and Miss Whiting was elected as association President.²⁹ A role as president in a sorority and as an University alumna is important to recognize in an age with few women in leadership positions. Miss Whiting continued her role as a socialite, opening her garden at the property to public viewing, and hosting sewing parties throughout the years, until at least 1940.³⁰

Perhaps most important to Margaret Whiting’s story is her role as a leader for women’s movements in her church and at the University. In 1937, the Burlington Free Press reported that the Women’s Union of the College Street Church began meeting at the home at 322 South Prospect.³¹ Beyond holding meetings for the Women’s Union, the home at 322 South Prospect held a greater role on the segregated women’s campus. In May of 1938, The Burlington Free Press announced that Miss Margaret Whiting’s home would serve as the meeting place of the American Association of University Women (AAUW). The AAUW, established in 1881, served to represent women at universities, where they often were overshadowed in academia and the workplace. Publishing “scandalous” reports, the AAUW noted in 1885 that “women’s health is not adversely affected by attending college,” among other “shocking” truths. The AAUW championed a study of equal pay as early as 1907. By 1931, the AAUW had 521 branches nation-wide. And in 1938, the same year as Margaret Whiting hosted the AAUW, the organization published documentation on widespread sex discrimination of women on campus.³² This organization and its presence of the University of Vermont’s campus was radical in invoking change, beginning with empowering campus women. Yet the role of this property is not made significant anywhere in campus histories.

It is unclear what happened to Margaret Whiting and when she stopped living at the property. Newspapers and records have a gap from 1940 until 1967, at which point the property at 322 South Prospect is owned by the office of Vermont State Colleges. The Burlington Free Press listed an advertisement for bids in December of 1967, the bids were to construct a building for Vermont State Colleges, and the bids were to be mailed to 322 South Prospect Street, where the Vermont State Colleges office resided.³³ Vermont State Colleges is the system that governs colleges such as Community College of Vermont, Castleton University, Vermont Tech, and other schools. It is unclear why they chose to have their Chancellor’s Office at 322 South Prospect in Burlington, rather than at the state capitol of Montpelier. The Chancellor’s office primarily served in an administrative capacity at the property.³⁴ Vermont State Colleges remained at the property, likely unaware of its previous significance, until at least 1977, when a bid for bonds was advertised for the same address.³⁵ Considering that the University of Vermont did not move the Offices of Continuing Education until the mid-1980s, it remains plausible that Vermont State Colleges remained at 322 South Prospect until such time. Interior changes were made to the property by the University of Vermont, with the most notable exterior change to the side porch which was closed in for an office, still used by Continuing Education today.³⁶

Christie-Wright-Patterson Dormitories

By Grace Gartman

Post World War II, the baby boom, and influx of young men returning from war eager to get back into school, caused enrollment to skyrocket at universities across the country. As the baby boomers approached college-age, the University of Vermont recognized a need for new dormitories, as only a few dormitories, in addition to fraternity and sorority housing existed on the campus as a whole. The number of men attending college nationwide was still higher than the number of women on average, as it was still a societal trend and expectation to some degree for women to stay home, and so new dormitories were built at the University of Vermont proportionally to this demographic change. The Christie-Wright-Patterson Halls are a three-building complex of dormitories. The three-building complex would make up the third side of a “planned residence hall quadrangle.”³⁷ The oldest building of the three is Patterson Hall, with Christie Hall and Wright Hall built concurrently, two years after Patterson Hall opened, in 1964.³⁸

In 1960, recognizing the growing need for campus housing, the President and officials broke ground on the site of three new men’s dormitories and one new women’s dormitory on Redstone Campus property, which had been owned by the school since 1921.³⁹ President at the time, John T. Fey authorized the build, which would include the men’s Austin, Marsh, and Tupper halls making up a complex, and the women’s hall, Patterson. An article commemorating the ground-breaking event in The Burlington Free Press noted that the total cost for the four buildings would be $2,116,274, with the Patterson building costing approximately $500,000. The new women’s dormitory was built just south of Slade Hall on Redstone Campus. The Patterson Hall dormitory, as it was later named as construction completed, was named for the second Dean of Women at the University, Marian Patterson, who served from 1922 to 1937. Marian Patterson made great strides for the women of the University of Vermont and had previously chaired a city committee in New York state to support women’s suffrage. As the Dean of Women at the University of Vermont, women began to have their own space to speak out on campus. Marian Patterson passed away in 1972, but was able to attend the dedication ceremony of the Patterson dormitory ten years prior in 1962.⁴⁰

The Patterson Hall dormitory and the subsequent Christie and Wright Hall dormitories were designed by the architecture firm Freeman, French, Freeman.⁴¹ Known for many residential buildings on the University of Vermont’s campus, Freeman, French, Freeman designed all nine of the large dormitories on south Redstone Campus. As noted in a Burlington Free Press article, Christie Hall and Wright Hall were planned as early as 1962, as the University quickly realized that the influx of female students would outgrow the lone Patterson Hall. Christie Hall was named for University alumna Jean Alice Christie Chandler Bull, a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of 1886, while Wright Hall (the middle unit) was named for Jessie Elvira Wright Whitcomb, an alumna of 1887.⁴² Wright became a well-known author, and in 1921, was the Founder’s Day speaker, which occurred the same day as the fiftieth anniversary of women as “regular students.”⁴³ Christie was widowed at an early age and pursued a career as a doctor, earning her M.D. in 1898.⁴⁴ Both of these women were examples of great, trailblazing women at the University of Vermont. Christie Hall and Wright Hall was expected to cost the University $1.4 million as the residence halls would include a dining hall as well. The funds were given as a loan to the University by the Federal Housing and Home Finance Agency. The University planned for the women living in the buildings to pay “rent,” which would not be subject to state or federal tax. The final cost for the Christie-Wright phase of the complex totaled $1,332,312.50.⁴⁵ The article goes on to detail how the two new halls would have room for 337 women and the dining room capacity would serve 485 people. The total complex area at the time was just over 91,000 square feet. In addition to the rooms and dining hall, a lounge, recreation room, television room, and laundry room was added to the dormitory complex.⁴⁶ The inclusive nature of the complex began to pave the way for residence life complexes on the campus.

All three buildings have similar construction, built by McNamara Vermont Incorporated.⁴⁷ The buildings are made of reinforced concrete structures and foundations, with rectilinear casement windows, flat roofs, and red brick complimented by black framing around the windows. The original interior was reported to be tiled with asphalt or asbestos tile on the floor, and acoustical tile on the ceiling, with walls made of cement blocks or structural tile, a standard in mid-century dormitory interiors.⁴⁸ Each residence room was painted one of eight different color schemes to give variety, with furniture to complement each scheme. The interior of the lobbies and lounges were also originally painted with “a distinctive color scheme…helping to give each unit an individual identity,” said Ruth Freeman in a correspondence about the halls.⁴⁹

Today, Christie-Wright-Patterson is co-educational, no longer a female only dormitory, and houses over 500 students. Some changes have been made to the exterior of the building, as well as interior updates such as the removal of asbestos tile. In 1994 and 1995 the entry vestibule and large curving circulation tower at the head of Wright Hall were constructed.⁵⁰ The large rectangular bay of windows centered in Wright’s quadrangle-facing façade is perhaps the most notable exterior change. Further changes such as a four-story student lounge at Christie were added in 1998.⁵¹ The complex was not listed on the 1991 National Register nomination for the Redstone Historic District as they fall outside of the district. For the most part, Christie-Wright-Patterson continues to exist in its intended use, save the switch to co-educational housing in order to keep up with more modern social norms.

Music Building

By Grace Gartman

Separate from the University of Vermont’s main campus, the UVM Music Building stands solitary as the lone academic building amongst Redstone Campus’ dormitories and student living buildings. Attached to Memorial-Southwick Hall, the 1970s brutalist addition, known only as the Music Building, stands out sharply amongst Redstone’s landscape.⁵² As part of the larger Southwick Music Complex, the Music Building houses practice rooms, rehearsal halls, a main stage, recital halls, a student lounge, professor offices, a dance studio, and seminar rooms.⁵³ Although a vibrant part of Redstone Campus today, the music department housed in the Music Building did not always have a place on the University of Vermont’s campus.

Early on, there was not a music department at the University. Prior to 1925, students wishing to practice music joined the Student Association Concert Bureau. This organization, managed by Professor Dermas, performed for the next few years at Memorial Auditorium, an off-campus public auditorium closed in 2016.⁵⁴ Memorial Auditorium was seen as an insufficient performance space as Burlington’s art scene expanded.⁵⁵ And so in 1925, with the growing interest in music near the University, the music department officially was born at 85 South Prospect Street. The property had most recently been a woman’s dormitory, but soon grew into classrooms with numerous instruments. Students performed in Ira Allen Chapel as the primary concert and recital space.⁵⁶ With campus expansion in the 1940s, the music department again moved to 70 South Williams Street, having to push into adjacent properties in order to house the growing number of students and faculty. In 1960, Frank Lidral became chair of the music department and began campaigning for a new facility for the ever-growing music department.⁵⁷

The facilities Frank Lidral desired bloomed to a department-wide desire as the student population of the music department grew. In the June 1971 publication of the University of Vermont Alumni Publication, Lidral was interviewed about the need for new facilities. “We’re at the point where we’re turning students away for lack of facilities in which to teach them.”⁵⁸ The music department struggled with space constraints, including space for instruments, at one point having to refuse admission to 45 students for a course. Lidral expressed concern over not just how potential students were affected, but also because the current students in the program lacked space for practice rooms in the house their department was in. Space situations were so lacking that it “forced some students to take their instruments into the building’s toilets.” Lidral wanted proper practice rooms, instrument rooms, and listening rooms for the students to use. A space large enough for 600 students (the approximate music department enrollment at the time) was necessary. Concerns about fire safety, theft, and damage from moving instruments in and out of Ira Allen Chapel were all cited as additional reasons why the property at 70 South Williams Street was insufficient for the needs of the department. For the proposed music building, Lidral suggested an “electronic piano laboratory,” among other cutting-edge technology at the time. The plans suggested by Lidral were taken mostly from the designs for the original fine arts center, which included three stories for a library, listening booths, rehearsal halls, a large recital hall, classrooms, teaching studios, a laboratory, lounges, offices, storage, and practice rooms. By allowing for these new facilities to be built, Lidral suggested the department would gain the ability to purchase and house new instruments, cater to larger groups of students, and remain on the cutting-edge of music development and performance.⁵⁹

It was not until eleven years later when the first plans for the new music building were developed. The site of the Music Building was just behind A.A. Buell’s Redstone Mansion, which by the 1970s was converted into a dormitory called Redstone Hall. The plans were made to attach the Music Building to the existing Mable Louise Southwick-Memorial Hall. There is evidence that a structure existed on the site of the Music Building before its construction. In a 1917 surveyors map of the Redstone Estate entitled “Plan of the Buell Estate”, created by McIntosh and Cronstoll Civil Engineers, several buildings no longer standing are mapped. One of them, behind Redstone Mansion, is a small outbuilding and portioned-off area labeled “Ice House and Laundry Yard.”⁶⁰ The clearest photograph of the ice house is from around 1900, and is seen as a square brick building with a pyramid roof and lantern.⁶¹ This outbuilding was photographed in 1939 as well and can be seen in an aerial photograph of Redstone Campus taken by George Lathrop.⁶² A 1949 topographic map of Redstone Campus shows the square ice house building and the trees surrounding the laundry yard.⁶³ The outbuilding seemed to remain standing until at least 1956, when it can be seen just barely in another aerial photograph belonging to the University of Vermont Archives.⁶⁴ There is possibly evidence that the laundry yard and ice house remained as late as 1965, as an aerial photograph from the Archives shows the surrounding tree stand and pathway to the little square of the laundry yard’s site.⁶⁵ By 1973, aerial photographs show construction on the Music Building, with the tree stand and path no longer in existence.⁶⁶ It is probable that the ice house and laundry yard were in disrepair and unused by this point in the 20th century, or removed to make way for the Music Building.

Although construction on the current Music Building began in 1973, the design built in 1973 was not the original design proposed to the University of Vermont. In 1971, Burlington and Associates Architects and Planning Incorporated presented designs to the newly created music building committee overseeing the project. The 1971 plans were brutalist in design, similar to the 1973 plans of today’s Music Building. It is unclear why the 1971 plans were rejected, except perhaps that the space was too small. The 1971 plans were burned and destroyed after their rejection, but not before they were recorded on microfilm.⁶⁷ The 1971 plans on microfilm show a similarly designed recital hall and rehearsal halls, as well as practice rooms along the north side of the building connected to Southwick-Memorial, just like the current Music Building. The plan differs the most along the eastern side of the Music Building. Today, the Music Building’s east side shows three distinctive canted windows in projected bays of stepped sizes, as well as a set of curving twelve-bay windows, a hallmark brutalist design that diverges from the rest of Redstone Campus. The 1971 plans lack this side, instead having an inset row of practice rooms, pulled in from the recital halls’ façade by nearly two-thirds of its depth. Additionally, the 1971 plans have an anvil-shaped library and listening room on the southeast corner of the complex, awkwardly jutting out and shading the practice rooms.⁶⁸ The opportunity for space that was lost by insetting the practice rooms, and the awkward design, may have been factors in the 1971 plans’ rejection.

The 1973 plans for the Music Building, as it stands today for the large majority, succeeded in winning over the music building committee. The Music Building, and therefore the plan, is brutalist in design, something not replicated much else on the whole of the University’s campus. The building is connected to the east end of Southwick-Memorial, with practice rooms lining the perimeter of the Music Building. A dance studio, rehearsal halls and recital hall comprise some of the primary rooms in the three stories. The Burlington Free Press reported in May of 1973 that the Burlington Planning Commission tentatively had approved the plan for the $1.5 million Music Building addition to Southwick-Memorial ,⁶⁹ with funds made available from the Vermont Legislature.⁷⁰ However, the University of Vermont could not show that they would be able to provide adequate parking spaces for this new building. The Planning Commission required at least seventy-five new spaces. In order to compensate for this new requirement, the University removed the trees and possible remaining structures at site of the laundry yard and ice house of the Buell Estate. This removal work can clearly be seen in progress in an aerial photograph of the campus in 1973.⁷¹ Some impediments occurred during construction including a dispute between the music building committee and the office of the president. As noted in a September 1973 memorandum to Vice-President Rollins, the chairman of the music department, William Metcalfe, expressed frustration and confusion over the University’s miscommunications in regard to a temporary space for the department while the Music Building was under construction. The University offices’ understanding had differed from the music department’s understanding that the department was to temporarily stay in Southwick-Memorial while undergoing construction for the Music Building. Despite this confusion, construction moved forward while the department stayed in Southwick-Memorial.⁷²

In September of 1974, The Burlington Free Press released an article on the official opening date of the Music Building. Construction had been moving steadily along throughout 1973 and 1974. The article detailed the 350-seat recital hall and 27 practice rooms available for department use. Also chronicled in the article was mention of the delay that occurred in the building process. A rock ledge, not previously surveyed by the contractors, Reed and Stone Incorporated, caused issues with the excavation and foundation pouring for the Music Building. Despite this, the building was scheduled to open in January of 1975, with full use by August of that same year.⁷³ While the department did partially move in by January of that year, the use of the building was less than expected as the contractors raced to finish by August. In a May 1975 article, The Burlington Free Press reported that the final touches, the custom Baroque organ designed by Charles Fisk and some window glass, were ready to complete the building.⁷⁴

The Music Building was finally dedicated on February 22 of 1976. The dedication ceremony included a recital on the new custom organ, and two weeks of recitals to follow.⁷⁵ The music department finally had a space to call their own. The building, although on property of the Redstone Historic District, is listed as a non-contributing property in the 1991 National Register nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. This attribution of “non-contributing” exists primarily because the building was not yet “old enough” by National Register practices to qualify as contributing. Given the well-executed brutalist design and great importance of the music arts on campus today, it can be expected that the Music Building is eligible for nomination to the National Register today.⁷⁶

Notes:

1. Thomas Visser, Reid Larson, & Ann Cousins, “Redstone Historic District,” National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Parks Service, 1991), section 7.

2. Ibid.

3. V.L. Luginbuhl, The Richardsonian Influence at Redstone (Burlington: The University of Vermont, 1962), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

4. Visser, “Redstone Historic District,” section 7.

5. Luginbuhl, The Richardsonian Influence at Redstone, 3.

6. Visser, “Redstone Historic District,” section 7.

7. David J. Blow, Historic Guide to Burlington Neighborhoods Volume II (Burlington: Chittenden County Historical Society, 1997), 161.

8. Letter from Patricia A. Schmidt to Dr. Dykhuisen, Redstone Lodge Folder, UVM Building Info. Files, Wilbur Collection, UVM.

9. Layout of Redstone Lodge, Redstone Lodge Folder, UVM Building Info. Files, Wilbur Collection, UVM.

10. Dykhuisen Notebook, Redstone Lodge Folder, UVM Building Info. Files, Wilbur Collection, UVM.

11. Ibid.

12. Blow, Historic Guide to Burlington Neighborhoods, 161.

13. “Redstone Lodge,” City of Burlington Permit History Report, accessed November 9, 2019, https://www2.burlingtonvt.gov/CrystalReport/?k1=e206b566-2643-4c21-be0c-fd4855b7fe02&k2=e178dac7-e818-49ee-ac40-4d6e98fb441c&f=pdf&d=20&r=B1A267F1-1989-46A2-B3A5-0156F704E9F6&p1=050-4-098-142.

14. John C. Page, “322 South Prospect Street,” Historic Sites and Structures Survey (Montpelier: State of Vermont Division for Historic Preservation: 1979), 1.

15. “About Us,” Continuing and Distance Education, The University of Vermont, accessed November 9, 2019, https://learn.uvm.edu/support/students/about-us/.

16. “We’re Moving!” in Vermont: A Publication of the University of Vermont (Burlington: University of Vermont, 1985), 44.

17. Page, “322 South Prospect Street,” 2.

18. “Burlington 1919, Sheet 34,” Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of Burlington, Vermont, 1919, accessed November 9, 2019, https://cdi.uvm.edu/image/uvmcdi-86342, Digital Collections, UVM.

19. “Champlain School,” National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Parks Service, 1988), section 8, 1.

20. Page, “322 South Prospect Street,” 1-2.

21. “Competent General House-Work Girl,” in Classifieds, in The Burlington Free Press(Burlington: April 27, 1915), 10.

22. “Obituary: George L. Pease,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: March 1, 1926), 8.

23. “With the Alumni,” in Vermont Alumni Weekly vol. 07 no. 05 (Burlington: University of Vermont, 1927), 75.

24. “College Street Church,” in Sunday Church Circles, in The Burlington Free Press(Burlington: November 5 ,1932), 10.

25. “College Street Church,” in Sunday Church Circles, in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: February 6, 1933), 8.

26. “Sororities Hold Their Annual June Spreads” in Vermont Alumni Weekly vol. 13 no. 31 (Burlington: University of Vermont, 1934), 379.

27. “Sigma Gammas hold Rushing Party,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: February 11, 1933).

28. “June Spreads and Alumnae Meetings,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: June 17, 1933).

29. “Sororities Hold Their Annual June Spreads,” 379.

30. “College Street Church,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: July 15 1940), 5.

31. “College Street Church Women are Entertained by Miss Margaret Whiting,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: October 15, 1937), 10.

32. “History of AAUW,” Our History, AAUW, accessed November 9, 2019, https://history.aauw.org/.

33. “Advertisement for Bids,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: December 30, 1967), 22.

34. Resources for Change: A Guide to Projects 1975-76, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975), 127.

35. “Bid for Bonds,” in The Burlington Free Press(Burlington: June 28, 1977).

36. “322 South Prospect ST,” City of Burlington Permit History Report, accessed November 9, 2019 https://www2.burlingtonvt.gov/CrystalReport/?k1=e206b566-2643-4c21-be0c-fd4855b7fe02&k2=e178dac7-e818-49ee-ac40-4d6e98fb441c&f=pdf&d=20&r=B1A267F1-1989-46A2-B3A5-0156F704E9F6&p1=050-4-096-202.

37. “UVM Plans $1.4 Million Girls’ Dormitory,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: December 22, 1963), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

38. “New Dorms Are Named,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: February 29, 1964), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

39. “Prepares to Break Ground,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: April 28, 1960), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

40. Bowen Caskey, “Marian Patterson,” Making Women’s History in Southwestern New York State, accessed November 10, 2019, https://www.sunyjcc.edu/womenshistory/biographies/marian-patterson/.

41. “UVM Plans $1.4 Million.”

42. “Wright and Christie Halls,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: September 1964), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

43. “New Dorms are Named.”

44. Ibid.

45. “Wright and Christie Halls.”

46. Caskey, “Marian Patterson.

47. Correspondence signed “RRF”, Christie-Wright-Patterson Folder, UVM Building Info. Files, Wilbur Collection, UVM.

48. “UVM Plans $1.4 Million.”

49. Correspondence signed “RRF.”

50. “436 South Prospect ST,” City of Burlington Permit History Report, accessed November 10, 2019, https://www2.burlingtonvt.gov/CrystalReport/?k1=e206b566-2643-4c21-be0c-fd4855b7fe02&k2=e178dac7-e818-49ee-ac40-4d6e98fb441c&f=pdf&d=20&r=B1A267F1-1989-46A2-B3A5-0156F704E9F6&p1=054-3-001-320

51. Ibid.

52. Thomas Visser, “Music Building,” Campus Treasures, The University of Vermont, 1999, accessed November 10, 2019, http://www.uvm.edu/~campus/music/music.html.

53. Burlington Associates Architects and Planners Inc., “The University of Vermont Music Center.” [Microfilm 81-7.] [fn. #003342-003344.] Wilbur Collection, UVM.

54. Jane P. Ambrose, “The Arts at UVM: A Retrospective in The University of Vermont: The First Two Hundred Years, ed. Robert V. Daniels (Burlington: University of Vermont, 1991), 265.

55. “Memorial Auditorium,” Community and Economic Development Office, The City of Burlington, accessed November 10, 2019, burlingtonvt.gov/CEDO/Memorial-Auditorium.

56. Ibid.

57. Ibid, 266.

58. Robert W. Chambers, “Part II: An Updated plan for the Fine Arts, A New Classroom Building for Music,” in The University of Vermont Alumni Magazine, Special Report: Revised Program for the Fine Arts (Burlington: The University of Vermont, 1971), 4-5.

59. Ibid.

60. McIntosh and Cronstoll Civil Engineers, “Plan of the Buell Estate,” in The Richardsonian Influence at Redstone, V.L. Luginbuhl (Burlington: The University of Vermont, 1962), [Figure 1.] Wilbur Collection, UVM.

61. M. Coleman Twitchell, “View looking East Photograph 2”, [87-17-165], compiled by Thomas Visser for Redstone Historic District, National Register Nomination Form.

62. George Lathrop, “Redstone Campus at the University of Vermont” in The University of Vermont: Landscape Change Program, accessed November 10, 2019, http://www.uvm.edu/landscape/

63. “Topographic Map of Redstone Campus – South Portion,” [Microfilm 81-6.] Wilbur Collection, UVM.

64. “Areial [sic] of Redstone Campus” in The University of Vermont: Landscape Change Program, accessed November 10, 2019, http://www.uvm.edu/landscape/

65. “Aerial View, Redstone and Athletic Campus” in The University of Vermont: Landscape Change Program, accessed November 10, 2019, http://www.uvm.edu/landscape/

66. Donald Wiedenmayer, “Aerial View of University of Vermont Campus” in The University of Vermont: Landscape Change Program, accessed November 10, 2019, http://www.uvm.edu/landscape/

67. Music Building Microfilm Reference Sheet, Music Building Folder, Building Info. Files, Wilbur Collection, UVM, 1.

68. Burlington Associates Architects and Planners Inc., “The University of Vermont Music Center.” [Microfilm 81-7.] [fn. #003338-003340.] Wilbur Collection, UVM.

69. “Planners Tentatively Approve UVM Southwick Addition,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: May 4, 1973), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

70. “New Music Building to be Ready This Year,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: September 29, 1974), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

71. Wiedenmayer, “Aerial View.”

72. William Metcalfe to Vice-President Rollins, September 26, 1973, Music Building Folder, Building Info. Files, Wilbur Collection, UVM.

73. “New Music Building,”

74. “Vermont Music Center to be Ready in August,” in The Burlington Free Press (Burlington: May 5, 1975), Wilbur Collection, UVM.

75. “Faculty Scholarship Concert celebrates the Music Building’s 40th anniversary,” in Department of Music News, accessed November 10, 2019, https://www.uvm.edu/cas/music/news/faculty-scholarship-concert-celebrates-music-buildings-40th-anniversary.

76. Thomas Visser, Reid Larson, & Ann Cousins, “Redstone Historic District,” National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Parks Service, 1991), section 7, 7.