♦ Home

Part I: Ayurveda

♦ Introduction & History

♦ Indian Cosmology

♦ The Human Body

♦ Health & Sickness

Part II: Ayurvedic Herbalism

♦ Humans & Plants

♦ Food Energies

♦ Plant Classification

♦ Herbal Preparations

♦ Herbal Usage

♦ Common Herbs

Part III: Future of Ayurveda

♦ Limits to Ayurveda

♦ Ayurveda-Western Medicine Comparison

♦ Ayurveda as CAM

♦ Conclusion



Common Herbs


This is a descriptive list of 20 common herbs that are popularly used in the West that are also used in Ayurveda; common Western herbs that also play a role in Ayurvedic practice as food and/or medicine (1)(2):



ALOE

Parts used: gel

Rasa: astringent, sweet
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: sweet

Tissues worked on: all tissues
Systems worked on: circulatory, digestive, female reproductive

Therapeutics: alterative, tonic, emmenagogue, laxative
Preparations: fresh gel, powder


Use for: fever, constipation, obesity, skin inflammations, swollen glands, conjunctivitis, vaginitis, worms

Don't use for: pregnancy, uterine bleeding



BASIL

Parts used: leaves

Rasa: pungent
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, bone marrow, nerves, reproductive
Systems worked on: respiratory, nervous, digestive

Therapeutics: diaphoretic, nervine stimulant
Preparations: infusion, juice, powder, ghee


Use for: colds, cough, sinusitis, headaches, arthritis, rheumatism, fevers

Don't use for: fevers caused internally, inflammation, infections



BLACK PEPPER

Parts used: fruit

Rasa: pungent
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, fat, bone marrow, nerves
Systems worked on: digestive, circulatory, respiratory

Therapeutics: stimulant, expectoratn, carminative, anthelmintic
Preparations: infusion, powder, decoction, ghee


Use for: indigestion, toxins, slow metabolism, obesity, sinusitis, fever, colds

Don't use for: inflammations



BURDOCK

Parts used: root, seeds

Rasa: bitter, astringent
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood
Systems worked on: respiratory, urinary, circulatory, lymphatic

Therapeutics: alterative, diaphoretic, diuretic
Preparations: infusion, decoction, powder, paste


Use for: skin inflammations, rashes, colds, sore throats, hypertension

Don't use for: anemia, chronic chills, nervous problems



CARDAMOM

Parts used: seed

Rasa: pungent
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, bone marrow, nerves
Systems worked on: digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous

Therapeutics: stimulant, expectorant, carminative, diaphoretic
Preparations: infusion, powder, decoction


Use for: colds, cough, bronchitis, asthma, indigestion

Don't use for: ulcers, internal fevers, skin inflammations



CHAMOMILE

Parts used: flowers, herb

Rasa: bitter, pungent
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, muscles, bone marow, nerves
Systems worked on: respiratory, digestive, nervous

Therapeutics: diaphoretic, carminative, nervine relaxant
Preparations: infusion, powder, paste


Use for: headaches, indigestion, jaundice, amenorrhea

Don't use for: nervous stimulation



DANDELION

Parts used: root, herb

Rasa: bitter
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood
Systems worked on: circulatory, digestive, urinary, lymphatic

Therapeutics: alterative, diuretic, laxative, tonic
Preparations: decoction, powder, paste


Use for: liver problems, jaundice, gall stones, breast problems, diabetes, ulcers

Don't use for: headaches, nervous problems, gas



ECHINACEA

Parts used: root

Rasa: bitter, pungent
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood
Systems worked on: circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory

Therapeutics: alterative, diaphoretic, antibacterial
Preparations: infusion, powder


Use for: blood poisoning, poison, infections, wounds

Don't use for: anemia, vertigo



FENUGREEK

Parts used: seed

Rasa: bitter, pungent, sweet
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, bone marrow, nerves, reproductive
Systems worked on: digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive

Therapeutics: stimulant, tonic, expectorant, diuretic
Preparations: decoction, powder, paste


Use for: dysentery, chronic cough, allergies, bronchitis, flu, arthirits

Don't use for: when pregnant, ulcers, fevers, inflammations



GARLIC

Parts used: rhizome

Rasa: pungent
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: all tissues
Systems worked on: digestive, respiratory, nervous, reproductive, circulatory

Therapeutics: stimulant, carminative, expectorant, alterative, anthelmintic
Preparations: infusion, powder, juice, oil


Use for: colds, cough, asthma, heart disease, rheumatism, impotence

Don't use for: hyperacidity, toxins in blood, inflammations, overheating



GINGER

Parts used: rhizome

Rasa: pungent
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: all tissues
Systems worked on: digestive, respiratory

Therapeutics: stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant, carminative
Preparations: infusion, decoction, powder, juice


Use for: colds, flus, indigestion, vomiting, abdominal pain, laryngitis

Don't use for: inflammations, fever, bleeding, ulcers



MINT

Parts used: herb

Rasa: pungent
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, bone marrow, nerves
Systems worked on: respiratory, digestive, nervous, circulatory

Therapeutics: stimulant, diaphoretic, carminative, nervine stimulant
Preparations: infusion, powder


Use for: colds, fever, sore throat, laryngitis, earache, headache

Don't use for: severe chills



MULLEIN

Parts used: herb, flowers

Rasa: bitter, astringent
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, bone marrow, nerves
Systems worked on: respiratory, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic

Therapeutics: expectorant, astringent, sedative
Preparations: infusion, powder, oil


Use for: bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, sinusitis, cough, swollen glands, insomnia, diarrhea

Don't use for: headaches



MYRRH

Parts used: resin

Rasa: bitter, astringent, pungent, sweet
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: all tissues
Systems worked on: circulatory, reproductive, nervous, lymphatic, respiratory

Therapeutics: alterative, astringent, expectorant
Preparations: infusion, powder, paste


Use for: cough, asthma, bronchitis, arthiritis, rheumatism, anemia

Don't use for: inflammations, fever, overheating



NUTMEG

Parts used: seed

Rasa: pungent
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: muscle, blood, bone marrow, nerves, reproductive
Systems worked on: digestive, nervous, reproductive

Therapeutics: astringent, carminative, nervine stimulant
Preparations: infusion, decoction, powder


Use for: poor absorption, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas, insomnia, impotence

Don't use for: when pregnant, inflammation, fever, sweating



PARSLEY

Parts used: herb, root, seed

Rasa: pungent, bitter, sweet
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, muscles
Systems worked on: urinary, digestive, female reproductive

Therapeutics: diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative, carminative
Preparations: infusion, decoction, juice, powder


Use for: edema, swollen glands, gall stones

Don't use for: kidney inflammation, inflamed female reproductive organs, overheating, fever



RED CLOVER

Parts used: flowers

Rasa: bitter
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood
Systems worked on: circulatory, respiratory, lymphatic

Therapeutics: alterative, diuretic, expectorant
Preparations: infusion, decoction, powder


Use for: cough, bronchitis, skin inflammations, infections

Don't use for: tissue deficiency, headaches, insomnia



SAGE

Parts used: herb

Rasa: pungent, bitter, astringent
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, nerve
Systems worked on: respiratory, digestive, nervous, circulatory

Therapeutics: diaphoretic, expectorant, nervine stimulant, astringent, alterative, diuretic, carminative
Preparations: infusion, powder


Use for: colds, flus, sore throat, laryngitis, swollen glands, nervous problems

Don't use for: excessive dryness, headaches, anxiety



VALERIAN

Parts used: rhizome

Rasa: bitter, pungent, sweet
Virya: heating
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, bone marrow, nerves, muscle
Systems worked on: nervous, digestive, respiratory

Therapeutics: nervine relaxant, carminative
Preparations: decoction, powder


Use for: insomnia, hysteria, convulsions, migraine, gas, vertigo

Don't use for: large doses causes paralysis



YARROW

Parts used: leaves, flower-head

Rasa: bitter, astringent, pungent
Virya: cooling
Vipaka: pungent

Tissues worked on: blood, muscle
Systems worked on: circulatory, respiratory, digestive

Therapeutics: diaphoretic, astringent
Preparations: infusion, powder, paste


Use for: colds, fever, measles, nosebleed, ulcers

Don't use for: dryness, insomnia, anxiety, restlessness





References:

1. Frawley, David and Lad, Vasant. The Yoga of Herbs. Lotus Press: Twin Lakes, Wisconsin. 2001. Pg. 97-152.
2. Grieve, Maud. A Modern Herbal. Botanical.com. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/comindx.html. 2006. (Accessed: December, 1, 2006).



This website was created by Daniel Lim as a research project for:
HCOL 195-C: Ethnobotany- An Ecological Economics Perspective, Fall 2006
Professor Marta Ceroni
University of Vermont