HSF/Dissection/Palate, tonsil, mouth, and tongue
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< HSF | Dissection
Contents |
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Structure list
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Oral cavity (including palate and tongue) and oropharynx
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Bony landmarks
- Hard palate (see bony landmarks in Nasal Cavity)
- Hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate
- Mandible with mylohyoid line and sublingual fossa
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Muscles
- Palatoglossal arch (containing palatoglossus m.)
- Palatopharyngeal arch (containing palatopharyngeus m.)
- Salpingopharyngeal fold (containing salpingopharyngeus m.)
- Superior constrictor m.
- Buccinator m.
- Levator veli palatini (levator palati) m.
- Tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) m.
- Mylohyoid m.
- Geniohyoid m.
- Genioglossus m.
- Styloglossus m.
- Hyoglossus m.
- Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
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Nerves
- Greater palatine n.
- Lesser palatine n.
- Glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
- V3 in foramen ovale with otic ganglion
- Lingual n.
- Submandibular ganglion
- Hypoglossal n. (XII)
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Blood vessels
- Greater palatine a.
- Lingual a.
- Paratonsillar vein
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Miscellaneous structures
- Soft palate with uvula
- Palatine tonsil with crypts
- Pharyngobasilar fascia
- Lingual tonsil
- Foramen cecum
- Papillae: vallate, filiform, foliate, fungiform
- Median glossoepiglottic fold
- Valleculae
- Eustachian (auditory, pharyngotympanic) tube with bony and cartilagenous portions
- Frenulum of upper and lower lip
- Frenulum linguae
- Sublingual gland
- Plica sublingualis (snblingual fold)
- Submandibular gland
- Submandibular duct
- Opening of submandibular duct
- Opening of parotid duct
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Muscles and nerves
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Muscles innervated by pharyngeal plexus (from CN X)
- Levator veli palatini m.
- Salpingopharyngeus m.
- Glossopharyngeus m.
- Palatoglossus m.
- Palatopharyngeus m.
- Musculus uvulae
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Extrinsic muscles of tongue
| Muscle | Innervation | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Genioglossus m. | Hypoglossal n. (CN XII) | Protrude tongue |
| Styloglossus m. | Hypoglossal n. | Aids in initiation of swallowing |
| Hyoglossus m. | Hypoglossal n. | Depresses tongue |
| Palatoglossus m. | Pharyngeal plexus (CN X) | Elevates posterior tongue and aids in initiation of swallowing |
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Tongue innervation
| Region of tongue | Somatic sensory | Visceral sensory |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior two-thirds | Lingual n. (V3) | Chorda tympani n. (CN VII) |
| Posterior one-third | Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) | Glossopharyngeal n. |
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Quiz
- What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Genioglossus m.
- Styloglossus m.
- Palatoglossus m.
- Hyoglossus m.
- What innervates these muscles?
- Hypoglossal n. (CN XII) does all except for palatoglossus m.
- What innervates the palatoglossus m.?
- Pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
- What innervates the only muscle derived from the third pharyngeal arch?
- Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
- What pharyngeal space is often the site of chicken bone accidents?
- Piriform recess
- What innervates the musculus uvulae?
- Pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
- Peripheral injury to the left hypoglossal n. causes what to happen to the tongue?
- Deviates to the left on protrusion
- What provides somatic sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
- Lingual n. (V3)
- What provides special visceral sensation to the posterior one-third of the tongue?
- Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
- What two nerves converge to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?
- Greater petrosal n. (preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN VII) and deep petrosal n. (postganglionic sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion)
- What innervates the carotid baro- and chemoreceptors?
- Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
- What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Superior and inferior longitudinal mm.
- Transverse m.
- Vertical m.
- What innervates them?
- Hypoglossal n.
- What is the foramen cecum?
- A remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal duct, which connected the thyroid gland to the tongue
