HSF/Dissection/Head and neck

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Contents

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Structure list

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Bony landmarks

  • Thyrohyoid membrane
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Laryngeal prominence
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Cricothyroid membrane
  • 1st tracheal ring
  • Carotic tubercle (transverse process of T6 vertebra)
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Muscles

  • Sternocleidomastoid m.
  • Anterior scalene m.
  • Middle scalene m.
  • Posterior scalene m.
  • Levator scapulae m.
    • Accessory n. (C3,4,5)
  • Splenius capitis m.
  • Trapezius m.
  • Infrahyoid mm.
    • Omohyoid m.
    • Sternohyoid m.
    • Sternothyroid m.
    • Thyrohyoid m.
  • Cricothyroid m.
  • Digastric m.
  • Stylohyoid m.
  • Mylohyoid m.
  • Longus colli m.
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Triangles

  • Posterior triangle (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, clavicle)
  • Anterior triangle
    • Muscular triangle (sternocleidomastoid, superior belly of omohyoid, midline of neck)
    • Carotid triangle (sternocleidomastoid, superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric)
    • Submandibular (digastric) triangle (anterior and posterior bellies of digastric, midline of neck)
    • Submental (suprahyoid) triangle (anterior bellies of digastric bilaterally, hyoid bone)
  • Interscalene triangle (anterior and middle scalene)
    • Brachial plexus
    • Subclavian a.
    • Phrenic n.
  • Triangle of vertebral a. (longus colli, anterior scalene)
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Nerves

  • Phrenic n. (C3,4,5)
  • Accessory n. (CN XI)
  • Vagus n. (CN X)
    • Superior laryngeal n.
      • Internal laryngeal n.
      • External laryngeal n.
    • Left recurrent laryngeal n.
    • Right recurrent laryngeal n.
  • Esophageal plexus
  • Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus (not visible)
    • Great auricular n.
    • Transverse cervical n.
    • Supraclavicular n.
  • Ansa cervicalis (innervates infrahyoid muscles except for thyrohyoid m.)
    • Superior root (C1 contribution off of CN XII)
    • Inferior root (C2,3)
  • Brachial plexus
    • Roots (C5-T1)
    • Upper, middle, and lower trunks
  • Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
  • Mylohyoid n. (branch of V3 from CN V)
  • Superior cervical ganglion
  • Sympathetic trunk
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Blood vessels

  • Subclavian a. (VT is cold, damnit)
    • Vertebral a.
    • Thyrocervical trunk
      • Transverse cervical a.
        • Dorsal scapular a. (30%)
      • Suprascapular a.
      • Inferior thyroid a.
    • Internal thoracic a.
    • Costocervical trunk
      • Deep cervical a.
      • Supreme intercostal a.
    • Dorsal scapular a. (70%)
  • Common carotid a.
    • Internal carotid a. (lateral)
    • External carotid a. (medial; some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students)
      • Superior thyroid a.
        • Superior laryngeal a.
      • Ascending pharyngeal a.
      • Lingual a.
      • Facial a.
      • Occipital a.
      • Posterior auricular a.
      • Maxillary a.
      • Superficial temporal a.
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Quiz

  1. What nerves branch off of the superior laryngeal nerve?
    Internal and external laryngeal nn.
  2. What are the two components of the ansa cervicalis?
    Superior (C1 portion of hypoglossal n.) and inferior (C2,3) roots
  3. The phrenic nerve passes anterior to what muscle?
    Anterior scalene m.
  4. CN XII contains some fibers from which spinal level?
    C1; these go to form the superior root of the ansa cervicalis
  5. What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
    Superior belly of omohyoid m., posterior belly of digastric m., sternocleidomastoid m.
  6. The superior laryngeal a. is a branch of which artery?
    Superior thyroid a.
  7. Where are postganglionic sympathetic neurons that supply the head and neck?
    Superior cervical ganglion
  8. What anterior triangle structure contains a large concentration of baroreceptors?
    Carotid sinus
  9. The superior and inferior thyroid arteries are branches of what arteries?
    External carotid a. and thyrocervical trunk, respectively
  10. Does the vagus nerve pass anterior or posterior to the root of the lung?
    Posterior (phrenic n. passes anteriorly)
  11. What forms the lateral boundaries of the submental triangle?
    Anterior bellies of the right and left digastric mm.
  12. What muscle passes superficial to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
    Stylohyoid m.
  13. What spinal levels contribute to CN XI?
    C3,4,5
  14. What innervates the carotid and aortic baro- and chemoreceptors?
    Carotid → CN IX; aortic → CN X
  15. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve surrounds what blood vessel?
    Subclavian a.
Retrieved from "http://www.uvm.edu/~diberri/wiki/index.php/HSF/Dissection/Head_and_neck"