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Easter (Ea) |
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| Protein Structure: | disregard |
| Activity: | protease that produces mature Spatzle |
| Localization: | Easter protease is found in the space that surrounds the embryo |
| Expression Pattern: | Activated Easter protease is found in the ventral region of the space srrounding the embryo |
| Modifications: | disregard |
| Stability: | disregard |
| Targets of Action: | A novel secreted protein is cleaved by Easter, to produce the ligand for Toll . This protein is called: _________ |
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Spätzle (SPZ) |
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| Protein Structure: | 253 aa's. The spätzle gene encodes a novel secreted protein that requires activation by a proteolytic processing reaction, which is present in the space that surrounds the embryo. |
| Activity: | Activated SPZ is the ligand for receptor called: _________ |
| Localization: | In the fluid surrounding the embryo |
| Expression Pattern: | constitutive and secreted |
| Modifications: | Requires proteolytic processing for activity |
| Stability: | disregard |
| Targets of Action: | interacts with the extracellular domain of a receptor called: ___________ |
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Toll (TL) |
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| Protein Structure: | 1097 aa's. TL is an integral membrane protein with a cytoplasmic domain and a large extracellular domain that binds to a ligand that is abundant in fluid surrounding the ventral part of the embryo. |
| Activity: | Structure suggests Toll is a receptor |
| Localization: | membrane localized |
| Expression Pattern: | TL is expressed in all embryo cells. |
| Modifications: | disregard |
| Stability: | disregard |
| Targets of Action: | Ligand binding activates the signal transduction pathway through this protein kinase: _____________. |
| Pelle (Pll) |
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| Protein Structure: | 501 aa's. A protein kinase, so it adds a phosphate group to target proteins. |
| Activity: | Serine/Threonine Protein kinase |
| Localization: | cytoplasmic |
| Expression Pattern: | Pll's activity depends on activation by a membrane receptor called (__________) |
| Modifications: | disregard |
| Stability: | disregard |
| Targets of Action: | phosphorylates residues on the protein called: ____________. |
| Pelle (Pll) |
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| Protein Structure: | 501 aa's. A protein kinase, so it adds a phosphate group to target proteins. |
| Activity: | Serine/Threonine Protein kinase |
| Localization: | cytoplasmic |
| Expression Pattern: | Pll's activity depends on activation by a membrane receptor called (__________) |
| Modifications: | disregard |
| Stability: | disregard |
| Targets of Action: | phosphorylates residues on the protein called: ____________. |
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Cactus (Cact) |
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| Protein Structure: | Approx. 500 aa's. Cactus encodes a cytoplasmic protein with a region known to interact with other proteins. |
| Activity: | Can binds other protein(s), and maintain them in the cytoplasm |
| Localization: | Cactus is tenaciously cytoplasmic |
| Expression Pattern: | Expressed constitutively |
| Modifications: | disregard |
| Stability: | Cactus is subject to digestion by cellular proteases, but only after it has been phosphorylated and then ubiquitinated. |
| Targets of Action: | Cactus' primary role is connected with its binding and release of a transcription factor called: _______. |
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Dorsal (DL) |
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| Protein Structure: | 678 aa's. This protein is a transcription factor. Dorsal can sometimes be found bound to another protein called: ___________. In this state, Dorsal's activity as a transcription factor is ___________, because it is then localized in the ___________. |
| Activity: | transcription factor |
| Localization: | cytoplasm or nucleus |
| Expression Pattern: | disregard |
| Modifications: | disregard |
| Stability: | disregard |
| Targets of Action: | DL activates and represses genes responsible for differentiation along the dorsoventral axis. It does this ONLY after it accumulates in the cell's _____________. |
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Various target genes important in ventral development |
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| Protein Structure: | Many genes |
| Activity: | disregard |
| Localization: | Expressed primarily in cells along the venral part of the young embryo |
| Expression Pattern: | Subject to repression by the dorsal-ventral pathway |
| Modifications: | disregard |
| Stability: | disregard |
| Mode of Action: | Many genes are regulated by dorsal-ventral pathway. |