Chemistry Review - SELF TEST

Do problems 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 found on this page:

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  1. Diagram the structure of each of these functional groups without looking them up.  If you cannot do this,look at them again, and practice drawing them.  Then throw you practice drawings away, and draw them from memory.  Repeat this process until you can do it successfully!
    • Hydroxyl
    • Carbonyl
    • aldehyde
    • ketone
    • Carboxyl
    • Amino
    • Phosphate
    • Sulfhydryl

     
  2. Without looking at any notes, diagram an amino acid.  Circle and label the amino group, carboxyl group,  a carbon and R group.

    3.  
  3. Make a list of the amino acids which would be classified under each category:
    • hydrophilic,  positively charged
    • hydrophilic, negatively charged
    • hydrophilic, neutral
    • hydrophobic, neutral
    • moderate polarity, neutral

     
  4. Without looking at any notes, diagram 4 amino acids showing R groups with the chemical properties specified below.  note:    you are not required to memorize the biologically important R groups, so you may invent any R group you wish so long as it is a chemically correct structure, has the properties required, and proves to me that you understand the concepts.
    • hydrophilic,  positively charged
    • hydrophilic, negatively charged
    • hydrophilic, neutral
    • hydrophobic, neutral

     
  5. Diagram a protein with 4 amino acids. Show the the amino group, carboxyl group,  a carbon and R group of each amino acid.  Also show the peptide bonds, and circle each one.

    6.  
  6. Draw the chemical structures of Ethanol (CH3CH2OH and Acetic Acid (CH3COOH).  Now draw the space-filling diagrams of Ethanol and Acetic Acid.  How would the two SHAPES  be different?

    7.  
  7. Diagram and Explain the differences between Starch and Cellulose.

    8.  
  8. Diagram and Explain the differences between Ribose and Deoxyribose.  Label the carbons in each molecule.

    9.  
  9. Diagram and Explain the differences between a nucleotide and a nucleoside.

    10.  
  10. Diagram and Explain the structure of a double-stranded DNA molecule showing 3 base pairs.  What is meant by an antiparallel orientation? How are the 2 ends of a DNA strand distinguished?  How do you tell which is which?

    11.  

     

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