American Ways: A Guide for Foreigners in the United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gary Althen

Intercultural Press, Inc., Yarmouth Maine.  2003

 

 

 

 

 

American Ways: A Guide for Foreigners in the United States

Gary Althen

Intercultural Press, Inc., Yarmouth Maine.  2003

 

CONTENTS

 

PAGE

Preface to the second edition

 

xi

Acknowledgements

 

xvii

Introduction

 

xix

On understanding

 

xx

How much generalizing is acceptable?

 

xxii

On asking “Why?”

 

Xvi

How Americans see themselves?

 

xxvii

How Americans see foreigners

 

Xxix

On describing Americans

 

xxxi

Part I: General Ideas about American Culture

 

1

Chapter 1: American values and assumptions

 

3

Individualism, freedom, competitiveness, and privacy

 

5

Equality

 

14

Informality

 

16

The future, Change, and progress

 

18

Goodness of humanity

 

19

Time

 

22

Achievement, Action, Work, and Materialism

 

24

Directness, and assetiveness

 

27

Chapter 2: The Communicative style of Americans

 

33

Preferred discussion topics

 

34

Favorite forms of interaction

 

37

Depth of involvement Sought

 

40

Channels preferred

 

42

Level of meaning emphasized

 

53

Chapter 3: Ways of Reasoning

 

55

The context

 

56

The point

 

58

The organization

 

60

The evidence

 

61

The Cause

 

65

Chapter 4: Differences in Customs

 

67


 

 

 

 

Part II: Specific Aspects of American Life

 

75

Chapter 5: Politics

 

77

The rule of law

 

80

The Ideal of compromise

 

81

Political Apart

 

82

Chapter 6: Family life

 

85

What foreigners notice

 

86

The Changing Family

 

88

Raising Children

 

90

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

98

Chapter 7: Education

 

101

Guiding Ideals

 

102

Social Forces Affecting American Education

 

110

Issues Facing American Schools

 

113

Advantages and disadvantages

 

115

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

117

Chapter 8: Religion

 

119

The general Context

 

120

Religion and individual Americans

 

124

Exceptions

 

125

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

127


 

Chapter 9: The Media

 

129

What Is American about media ?

 

130

Americans’ views of their media

 

133

Misconceptions the media promote

 

136

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

139

Chapter 10: Social relationships

 

141

Meeting New People

 

143

The American concept of friendship

 

145

Relationships prescribed by roles

 

148

Courtesy, Schedules, Gifts

 

150

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

153

Chapter 11: Racial and Ethnic Diversity

 

155

How American view Race and Ethnic Relations

 

162

Austin, Texas: A case study

 

167

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

169

Chapter 12: Male-Female Relationships

 

173

Influence on Male-Female Relationships

 

174

Male-Female Relationships in various settings

 

179

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

186

Chapter 13: Sport and Recreation

 

187

Sports

 

188

Recreation

 

191

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

193


 

Chapter 14: Driving

 

195

General information

 

196

Traffic Laws

 

197

Attitudes

 

198

Suggestions for Foreign visitors

 

201

Chapter 15: Shopping

 

203

Advertising

 

204

Pricing

 

206

Customer-clerk Relationships

 

206

Sale tactics

 

208

Procedures for Returning and Exchanging

 

209

Private Sales

 

210

Precaution for shoppers from Abroad

 

210

Chapter 16: Personal hygiene

 

213

The basics

 

214

Variations

 

217

Other Issues Concerning Hygiene

 

218

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

219

Chapter 17: Getting Things in Organizations

 

221

Misconceptions

 

222

Characteristics of U.S. Organizations

 

224

Suggestions for dealing with U.S. Organizations

 

226

 Behavior in Public places

 

229

Rules for behavior in public places

 

229

Communication behaviors

 

232

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

234

Chapter 18: Behavior in Public Places

 

229

Rules for Behavior in Public Places

 

229

Communication behaviors

 

232

Suggestions for foreign visitors

 

234

Chapter 19: Studying

 

235

Education system

 

236

Student-Student relationships

 

237

Student-Professor relationships

 

239

Roommate relationships

 

241

Plagiarism

 

244

Suggestions for foreign students

 

245

Chapter 20: Business

 

247

Doing in the United States

 

250

The global Economy

 

256

Suggestions for foreign Businesspeople and future Businesspeople

 

257

Part III: Coping with Cultural Differences

 

259

Chapter 21: Some helpful ideas

 

261


 

Expectations

 

262

Personality Characteristics

 

262

Traits and situations

 

264

Culture Shock and Stages of Adjustments

 

265

D-I-E

 

267

Chapter 22: Activities for Learning about American culture

 

271

Asks Questions

 

272

Learn and Practice Local English

 

273

Take field trips

 

274

Talk with Experienced foreigners

 

280

Keep a journal

 

281

Learn the names of Local and Institutional VIPs

 

281

Read, Reflect

 

282

View yourself as a teacher

 

284

Conclusion

 

285

Bibliography

 

289

About the Author

 

295