Cicero's Tusculan Disputations 1.40-41 (aka sections 97-99): this document is available at http://www.uvm.edu/~jbailly/courses/lat51/ under "simplified texts"

This is a "simplified" version of Cicero's text. It contains simple sentences that resemble Cicero's actual sentences and will build gradually up to Cicero's actual sentences.

• 97
• 97 ACTUAL SENTENCE 1: Quis hanc maximi animi aequitatem in ipsa morte laudaret, si mortem malum iudicaret?
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Quis animi aequitatem laudat?
• Iudicat mortem malum esse.
• Aequitas animi in ipsa morte bonum est.
• Quis laudat eum, si iudicat hoc?
• Quis laudaret eum, si iudicaret hoc?
• Quis laudeat eum, si iudiceat hoc.
• English-to-Latin
1. Those who praise him are good women.
2. Who would not praise them, if they did that?
   


• 97 ACTUAL SENTENCE 2: vadit enim in eundem carcerem atque in eundem paucis post annis scyphum Socrates, eodem scelere iudicum quo tyrannorum Theramenes.
• NECESSARY INFORMATION: Socrates was condemned by jury and forced to (drink) a bowl of hemlock. Theramenes too was forced to (drink) a bowl of hemlock too, but by the "thirty tyrants." Theramenes was an Athenian statesman. It is important for this passage that the hemlock was drunk by both men out of a bowl.
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Socrates et Theramenes in scyphum et carcerem vadunt.
• Socrates in eundem carcerem quam Theramenes vadit.
• Socrates in eundem scyphum quam Theramenes vadit.
• Vadit in eundem carcerem paucis post annis Socrates.
• Socrates in carcerem scelere iudicum vadit.
• Theramenes in scyphum scelere tyrannorum vadit.
• Vadit in carcerem Socrates eodem scelere quo Theramenes vadit in carcerem.
• English-to-Latin
1. Did you go into the same place as your brother?


• 97 ACTUAL SENTENCE 3: quae est igitur eius oratio, qua facit eum Plato usum apud iudices iam morte multatum?
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Quae est eius oratio?
• Hac oratione usus est.
• Hac oratione apud iudices usus est.
• Socrates iam morte multatus haec dixit.
• Socrates iam morte multatus hac oratione usus est.
• Plato facit eum.
• Plato facit eum hac oratione usum.
• Ea est oratio, qua Plato facit eum usum.
• Plato facit eum morte multatum.
• English-to-Latin
1. What are the things which Cicero has her say when she is already condemned to die?
   


• XLI.
• 97 ACTUAL SENTENCE 4: 'Magna me' inquit 'spes tenet, iudices, bene mihi evenire, quod mittar ad mortem.
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Magna spes me tenet.
• Magna spes me tenet, iudices.
• Hoc mihi bene eveniet.
• Spes me tenet hoc bene mihi eventurum esse.
• Mittor ad mortem.
• Id non malum est.
• Quod mittor ad mortem non malum est.
• English-to-Latin
1. I have great hope that the fact that it turned out well for you is a good thing.
   


• 97 ACTUAL SENTENCE 5: necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus, ut aut sensus omnino omnes mors auferat aut in alium quendam locum ex his locis migretur.
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Alterum de duobus est (verum).
• Mors omnes sensus aufert.
• In alium locum ex his locis migrat.
• Migro ex hac vita.
• Migratur.
• Necesse est ut hoc (verum) sit.
• Necesse est ut linguam latinam discas.
• Aut mors omnes omnino sensus aufert aut in alium locum ex his locis migratur.
• English-to-Latin
1. Necessarily one or the other is true, that I will die or that I will not.
2. Must we all praise moderation in the face of death?


• 97 ACTUAL SENTENCE 6: quam ob rem, sive sensus extinguitur morsque ei somno similis est, qui non numquam etiam sine visis somniorum placatissimam quietem adfert, di boni, quid lucri est emori! aut quam multi dies reperiri possunt, qui tali nocti anteponantur! cui si similis est perpetuitas omnis consequentis temporis, quis me beatior?
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Ob eam rem haec dico.
• Sensus extinguitur.
• Mors somno similis est.
• Mors ei somno similis est qui quietem adfert.
• Somnus non numquam placatissimam quietem adfert.
• Somnus sine visis somniorum quietem adfert.
• Di boni, quam bonum vita est.
• Errare est humanum.
• Emori est humanum.
• Quid lucri est emori.
• n.b. lucri is genitive depending on quid.
• Si mors similis est somno, quid lucri est emori!
• Multi dies reperiri possunt.
• Multi dies anteponuntur tali nocti.
• Perpetuitas similis tali nocti est.
• Perpetuitas omnis sequentis temporis similis tali nocti est.
• Si perpetuitas similis tali nocti, quis me beatior?
• English-to-Latin
1. If the senses are extinguished by death, what could be better?
2. How many dreams can be found that are preferable to this one dream?
3. I say this because of my fear of death.
4. She preferred death to life without justice. 
   


• 98
• 98 ACTUAL SENTENCE 1: sin vera sunt quae dicuntur, migrationem esse mortem in eas oras, quas qui e vita excesserunt incolunt, id multo iam beatius est.
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Mors est migratio.
• E vita excesserunt.
• Incolunt eas oras.
• Mors est migratio in eas oras, quas incolunt.
• Mors est migratio in eas oras quas ei qui e vita excesserunt incolunt.
• Dicunt mortem migrationem esse.
• Vera sunt quae dicuntur.
• Id multo beatius est.
• Si vera sunt ea quae dicuntur, id multo beatius est.
• Id iam multo beatius est.
• English-to-Latin
1. Is it true that after death we go to the place inhabited by the dead?
2. If that is true, nothing better could happen to me.
3. A few years later she said she was much happier.
4. I did the same things as those who fear death do.
   


• 98 ACTUAL SENTENCE 2: tene, cum ab is, qui se iudicum numero haberi volunt, evaseris, ad eos venire, qui vere iudices appellentur, Minoem Rhadamanthum Aeacum Triptolemum, convenireque eos qui iuste <et> cum fide vixerint —haec peregrinatio mediocris vobis videri potest?
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Ad eos venis.
• Ab eis evaseris.
• In numero iudicum habentur.
• Se in numero iudicum haberi volunt.
• Ei vere iudices appellentur.
• Ad eos qui vere iudices appellentur venis.
• Ad eos (Minoem, Rhadamanthum, Aeacum, Triptolemum) venis.
• Ei iuste cum fide vixerunt.
• Ei conveniunt qui iuste vixerunt.
• Num haec peregrinatio mediocris vobis videri potest?
• STRUCTURE of sentence:
• tene, (begin acc. w/infinitive construction)
  
• cum ab is, (temporal clause begins)
• qui se iudicum numero haberi volunt, (relative clause with is as antecedent) 
• evaseris, (temporal clause concludes)
  
• ad eos venire, (acc. w/infinitive construction concludes)
  
• qui vere iudices appellentur, Minoem Rhadamanthum Aeacum Triptolemum, (relative clause with eos as antecedent)
  
• convenireque eos (second acc. w/infinitive construction: te is still the accusative subject, while eos is the object)
  
• qui iuste <et> cum fide vixerint — (relative clause with eos as antecedent)
• At this point, there is a mild anacoluthon (i.e. the grammar falls apart a bit, because the main clause does not seem to be such as to have accusatives with infinitives dependent on it and there is a switch from 2nd p. sg. to 2nd p. pl.: Cicero started out the sentence one way and concluded another)
  
• haec peregrinatio mediocris vobis videri potest? (main clause of sentence)
• English-to-Latin
1. Do you consider yourself among those who are called truly wise?
2. If I could converse with the dead, I would be happy.


• 98 ACTUAL SENTENCE 3: ut vero conloqui cum Orpheo Musaeo Homero Hesiodo liceat, quanti tandem aestimatis?
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Cum Orpheo conloqui licet.
• Quanti id aestimatis?
• English-to-Latin
1. How much value do we place on being free?
   
2. Having lived well is worth a lot.
   

• 98 ACTUAL SENTENCE 4: equidem saepe emori, si fieri posset, vellem, ut ea quae dico mihi liceret invisere.
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Volo saepe emori.
• Equidem volo saepe emori.
  
• Mihi ea invisere licet.
• Ea quae dico mihi licet invisere.
• Id fieri potest.
• Fieri potest ut ea invisam.
• Si haec facere posset, saepe emori vellem.
• English-to-Latin
1. They do not want to die.
2. They think that death is not a bad thing.
3. Those who think that death is a bad thing want to die.
4. They would not want to die if they thought that death is a bad thing.
   

• 98 ACTUAL SENTENCE 5: quanta delectatione autem adficerer, cum Palamedem, cum Aiacem, cum alios iudicio iniquo circumventos convenirem! temptarem etiam summi regis, qui maximas copias duxit ad Troiam, et Ulixi Sisyphique prudentiam, nec ob eam rem, cum haec exquirerem sicut hic faciebam, capite damnarer.—
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Quanta delectatione adficior?
• Quanta delectatione adficerer, si hoc facerem?
• Convenio eos.
• Tempto summi regis prudentiam.
• Temptarem summi regis prudentiam.
  
• Ob eam rem capite damnor.
• Exquiro haec.
• Exquiro haec sicut hic faciebam. (long i in hic, not as in hic, haec, hoc)
• Cum haec exquiram, capite damnor.
  
• English-to-Latin
1. I would be caused to feel great delight when I conversed with my friends who have died.
   
2. We would test the wisdom of the greatest souls, and we would not be condemned to die for it.
   

• 98 ACTUAL SENTENCE 6: Ne vos quidem, iudices ii, qui me absolvistis, mortem timueritis.
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• No need.
• English-to-Latin (do two versions: one using same construction as the above sentence and another using a negative imperative)
  
1. Don't y'all do this.
2. Don't write this.
3. Don't understand Latin!
   
• 99
• 99 ACTUAL SENTENCE 1: nec enim cuiquam bono mali quicquam evenire potest nec vivo nec mortuo, nec umquam eius res a dis inmortalibus neglegentur, nec mihi ipsi hoc accidit fortuito.
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Nihil malum bono homini evenire potest.
• Nec quicquam mali bono evenire potest.
• Nec quicquam mali bono evenire potest, nec vivo nec mortuo.
• Eius res numquam a dis neglegentur.
• Hoc mihi ipsi accidit fortuito.
  
• English-to-Latin
1. Do you think that no harm can come to a good man?
2. Do you think that the affairs of a good man are neglected by the gods?

• 99 ACTUAL SENTENCE 2: nec vero ego eis, a quibus accusatus aut a quibus condemnatus sum, habeo quod suscenseam, nisi quod mihi nocere se crediderunt.'
• SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS:
• Ab eis accusatus sum.
• Ab eis condemnatus sum.
• Suscenseo eis id.
• Nec habeo quicquid quod eis suscenseam.
• Mihi nocent.
• Se mihi nocere crediderunt.
• Eis suscenseo quod mihi nocere se crediderunt.
  
• English-to-Latin
1. He has no reason to criticize those who condemned him.
2. Socrates condemns the man who believes he is harming Socrates.

• 99 ACTUAL SENTENCE 3: et haec quidem hoc modo; nihil autem melius extremo: 'sed tempus est' inquit 'iam hinc abire, me, ut moriar, vos, ut vitam agatis.
• English-to-Latin (use vocabulary from the sentence)
  
1. He said these things in this manner. (use dico, which is understood in the first first clause of the sentence)
   
2. He said nothing better than the last thing which he said.
3. Now it is time to leave here.
4. Now it is time that I leave here to die.
5. Now it is time that you leave here to go on living.

• 99 ACTUAL SENTENCE 4: utrum autem sit melius, dii inmortales sciunt, hominem quidem scire arbitror neminem.'
• English-to-Latin (again use vocabulary from the sentence)
  
1. The gods know which is better.
• "which is better" is an indirect question.
  
2. I think that no man knows which is better.