What is "Morphology and Syntax"

• Simply put, morphology is the form of a word and syntax is its function.
• The following is a complete description of what full correct answers will include.
  
• Nouns, pronouns
• Morphology includes
• gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter)
  
• number (singular or plural)
  
• case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, or vocative)
• Syntax includes
• Why it is the case it is
• for example: "subject," "direct object," "indirect object," "ablative of agent," "possessive genitive"
• Adjectives
  
• Morphology is the same as for nouns and pronouns with one small addition
• if it is comparative or superlative, put that
  
• Syntax includes
• Why it is the case it is
• for example: "it modifies _____"
  
• Remember that sometimes adjectives are used as nouns and there is no noun for such adjectives to modify: in that case, syntax includes the exact same things as for nouns and pronouns.
• Verbs
• Finite verbs (i.e. verbs that have person)
• Morphology includes:
• Person: 1st, 2nd, or 3rd
• Number: singular or plural
• Tense: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
• Voice: active or passive
• Mood: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative
• Syntax includes:
• For verbs that are the main verb of the main clause of the sentence, just say "main verb"
• For any subordinate verbs, identify the kind of clause: "main verb of a ____ clause"
• For ALL subjunctives:
• Say why they are subjunctive: for example, "hortatory," "jussive," "relative clause of characteristic," or "nominal ut clause" etc.
• Also give the sequence of tenses: primary or secondary
• Infinitives
• Morphology includes:
• Tense: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
• Voice: active or passive
• Mood: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative
• Syntax includes:
• Say why it is infinitive
• For example: "indirect speech," "complementary infinitive," "infinitive used as a noun"
• Participles
• See adjectives: all participles are adjectives and so have the same syntax and morphology as adjectives
• PLUS, participles are verbs, and so they have additional aspects as follows:
• Additional morphology aspects
• Tense: Present, future, perfect
• Voice: Active or passive
• Additional syntax aspects
• Some participles have special functions, for example "ablative absolute," "gerundive"
• Gerunds
• Gerunds are nouns, and so they have all the same features as nouns
• Adverbs
• Morphology
• Put down "adverb"
• If it is comparative or superlative, put that.
• Syntax
• Say what other word(s) the adverb modifies
• Conjunctions
• Morphology
• Put down "conjunction"
• Syntax
• Indicate what types of clauses the conjunction joins together