1. Translate:
1. Caesaris adventus ab Ariovisto et suis cognitus est.
2. Caesar aliquid ab Ariovisto postulaverat.
3. Id fieri licebat.
   
4. Id quod Caesar postulaverat fieri licebat.
5. Caesar propius accesserat.
6. Ariovistus id sine periculo se facere posse existimavit.
7. Ariovistus id sine periculo se fieri posse existimavit.
2. Find in Caesar's original sentence above (the one at the very top):
1. A participle in an ablative absolute construction.
2. Two pluperfect subjunctives.
3. An imperfect subjunctive.
4. A present indicative.
5. A causal conjunction (be careful, it's not quod).
6. A comparative adverb.
7. Three prepositional phrases.
8. Two complementary infinitives.
9. A relative pronoun.
3. Write in Latin, using words from Caesar (plus voluit and nunc):
1. Caesar wanted Ariovistus to do what he had previously demanded at the parley.
2. He was now able to do what Caesar demanded without risk.
   

1. Find:
1. The direct object of respuit.
2. The subject of reverti.
3. The indirect object of denegasset.
4. An adverb modifying polliceretur.
5. To whom does suis refer?
6. What magnam modifies.
7. What tantis modifies.
8. The noun object of pro.
9. Two participles in an ablative absolute.
10. Two infinitives in indirect speech.
11. A verb in a nominal ut/uti clause.
1. A nominal ut/uti clause is a clause that, as a whole, acts like a noun.
   
2. Answer with one Latin word:
1. Quem Caesar ad sanitatem reverti arbitrabatur?
2. Quomodo Ariovistus pollicebatur id quod antea Caesari petenti denegavit?
3. De quo Caesar in spem veniebat fore uti Ariovistus desisteret?
3. Write in Latin with words from the passage above:
1. Ariovistus returned to sanity.
2. Previously Ariovistus refused something (aliquid) to Caesar.
3. Now (iam) Ariovistus promised it (id) voluntarily.
4. He acknowledged (cognovit) the great kindnesses of Caesar and the Roman people.
   

1. Find: (some of these are tricky)
   
1. The noun dictus agrees with.
2. The noun quintus agrees with.
3. Whether cum is a conjunction or a preposition here.
4. Two imperfect passive subjunctives.
5. A conjunction introducing an indirect command.
6. Two infinitives in indirect speech.
7. The subject of vereri.
8. A conjunction introducing a fearing clause.
9. Two verbs that are subjunctive because they are in indirect commands.
10. A future infinitive in indirect speech.
2. Write in Latin using words from the passage above:
1. Five (quinque) days were appointed for a parley.
2. Legates were being sent to and fro.
3. Caesar did not bring infantry to the parley.
4. Ariovistus feared lest he be surrounded.
5. Ariovistus said he would not come another way.

We got up to this point on Friday January 20th BUT WE DIDN'T DO THE ENGLISH TO LATIN, SO WE'LL DO THAT ON MONDAY
ONCE WE DO THAT ENGLISH TO LATIN, WE'LL GO ON FROM HERE ON MONDAY JANUARY 23rd

1. Answer the following:
1. causa is an ablative: T/F
   
2. tolli is in indirect speech: T/F
3. committere is a complementary infinitive: T/F
   
4. commodissimum is comparative: T/F
5. equitibus is in an ablative absolute: T/F
6. milites is a direct object: T/F
7. quam is an adverb: T/F
8. opus esset takes dative: T/F
   
9. haberet is in a fearing clause: T/F
2. Translate into Latin using words from the passage above:
1. The parley was not cancelled.
2. Caesar did not entrust his own safety to the Gauls' cavalry.
3. Caesar put soldiers of the tenth legion on horses.
4. The legionary soldiers were especially trusted by Caesar.
5. Caesar had as trusty a guard as possible.
6. There was need of action.

1. Answer as directed:
1. cum clauses referring to the past are always in the subjunctive: T/F.
2. se refers to Ariovistus: T/F.
3. habiturum has an understood esse with it: T/F.
4. pollicitum has an understood esse with it: T/F.
5. se is not the subject of rescribere: T/F.
6. grandis modifies planities: T/F.
   
2. Find:
1. An infinitive in indirect speech.
   
2. A litotes.
3. A comparative clause.
4. Two adverbs.
5. An indirect object.
6. A partitive genitive.
7. A possessive genitive.
   
3. Translate into Latin:
1. We promised to do something (aliquid) for them. aliquid eis facere polliciti sumus
   
2. We are doing more than we promised. plus quam polliciti sumus facimus
   
3. They said we were doing more than we had promised. nos plus quam polliceremur fecisse/facere dixerunt
   
4. Caesar put them (eos) in the position of a pretorian guard. Caesar eos in praetoriae cohortis loco rescripsit.
   
5. There was a plain about equidistant away from each camp.
6. They came to the place where (quo) the parley had been agreed upon.
   

WE'LL GET THROUGH TO THIS POINT ON JANUARY 23rd: WE MAY START THE NEXT SENTENCE, SO PREPARE THAT A BIT TOO.

legionem Caesar, quam equis devexerat, passibus ducentis ab eo tumulo constituit; item equites Ariovisti pari intervallo constiterunt. 3.1 Ariovistus, ex equis ut conloquerentur et praeter se denos ad conloquium adducerent, postulavit.

1. Answer with one word in Latin:
1. Quis legionem constituit? Caesar
   
2. Quid a Caesare devectum erat? legio
   
3. Passibus quantis a tumulo equites Ariovisti constiterunt? ducentis
   
4. Ut quantos equites ad conloquium adducerent Ariovistus postulavit? denos
   
2. Find:
1. an ablative of separation equis
2. the antecedent of quam legionem
   
3. an adverb item
   
4. an ablative expressing amount of distance from passibus ducentis
   
5. a reflexive pronoun se
   
6. an indirect command ut conloquerentur et praeter se denos ad conloquium adducerent
7. a subjunctive in primary sequence oops: sorry. There isn't one.
   
3. Write in Latin:
1. Caesar and Ariovistus stationed their soldiers 200 paces from the hillock. caesar et ariovistus milites suos ducentis passibus a tumulo constiterunt.
   
2. Ariovistus said that he would bring 10 soldiers besides himself. Ariovistus se denos milites praeter se adducturum esse dixit
   
3. Caesar's legion was stationed at an equal interval from the hillock. caesaris legio pari intervallo a tumulo constituta est.
   

1. True or false:
1. ventum est is intransitive. TRUE
   
2. beneficia is an indirect object. FALSE
   
3. quod ... quod ... quod all mean "the fact that" TRUE
4. quod meaning 'the fact that' usually takes indicative TRUE
5. but here, quod meaning 'the fact that' occurs with subjunctive TRUE
6. that is because it is in indirect speech (sort of) TRUE
7. and all subordinate clauses that are part of indirect speech are subjunctive. TRUE
8. you now understand why quod has subjunctive here. TRUE?
   
9. appellatus esset is in secondary sequence. TRUE
10. praemia is the direct object of consecutum. TRUE
2. Find:
1. An ablative of place where. ubi eo ventum est, Caesar initio orationis
2. An intransitive verb in the passive. ubi eo ventum est
3. A syncopated form. officiis 5 consuesse tribui
4. A superlative adverb. munera amplissime missa
5. A dative object of a verb. paucis contigisse
6. Two perfect infinitives. contigisse consuesse
7. A gerund causam postulandi iustam
8. What must be understood with consecutum to make it an infinitive. esse
   
9. What case is senatus? genitive in both cases
   
3. Write in Latin
1. On arrival, Caesar held (habeo) a speech. ubi eo ventum est, Caesar orationem habuit.
   
2. His kindnesses to them were mentioned/recounted. Sua in eos beneficia commemorabantur/commemorata sunt.
   
3. He mentioned that Ariovistus had been called king by the senate. Ariovistum a senatu regem appellatum esse commemoravit.
   
4. Many gifts were sent to Ariovistus and his people. multa munera ad Ariovistum populumque suum mittebantur/missa sunt.
   
5. He got many gifts from the senate and Caesar. multa munera a senatu Caesarique consequebatur/consecutus est.
   

1. Answer the following in Latin:
1. What word in addition to amicitia means 'friendship,' 'relationship,' 'bond' here? necessitudo
   
2. With whom did Ariovistus and his people have reason for friendship? Haedui
   
3. Who held the chieftainship of all Gaul? Haedui
   
4. For how long had they held that chieftainship? omni tempore
   
2. What case, gender, and number are the following:
1. quam in quam veteres (trick question): it's an adverb "how"
   
2. iustae nom. pl. fem.
   
3. ipsis abl. pl. masc.
   
4. necessitudinis gen. f. sg.
   
5. senatus gen. sg. m.
   
6. honorifica neuter nom. pl.
   
7. totius gen. sg. f.
   
3. Put the following verbs in the passive, where possible:
1. docebat decebatur
   
2. intercederent intercederentur
   
3. facta essent trick question: already passive
   
4. tenuissent, principatus tentus esset
   
5. adpetissent adpetita esset
   
4. Write in Latin:
1. He pointed out how old a friendship there was between the Roman republic and the Haedui (use intercedo: imitate the passage).  
   
2. He pointed out how many times decrees of the senate concerning them had been made.
3. Even before they sought Rome's friendship, the Haedui held the chieftainship of all Gaul. (careful, priusquam doesn't always take subjunctive: it does so when the clause refers to something that didn't happen or when there's some other reason for the clause to be subjunctive).
   

1. Translate:
1. Populi Romani consuetudo est ut amicos nihil velit perdere.
   
2. Populi Romani consuetudo est ut socios auctiores velit esse.
3. Vos gratia, dignitate, honore auctiores volo esse.
4. Quis id pati potest?
5. Vobis haec ego non eripio.
6. Id quod afferunt vobis eripi non potest.
7. Noli bellum sociis infer!
8. Caesar ut obsides Ariovistus reddat postulat.
9. Germani Rhenum flumen transiverunt.
10. Caesar ut Ariovistus Germanos domum ad Germaniam mitteret postulavit.
2. T/F
1. This whole section is in indirect speech.
2. That indirect speech started back after docebat in 6.1.
3. sui depends on nihil.
4. the antecedent of quod is id.
5. pati is a complementary infinitive dependent on posset.
6. legatis is an indirect object.
7. redderet is in secondary sequence.
8. it is hard to say what amplius agrees with or modifies.
9. it is nonetheless clear what amplius "more" means in the sentence.
10. Rhenum is the direct object of transire.
    
3. Find:
1. ablatives of specification/respect
2. An indirect object.
3. Two whole clauses in apposition to consuetudinem (a whole clause can basically be a noun, a 'nominal' clause).
   
4. The negative conjunction that introduces an indirect command.

1. T/F
1. Caesar de suis virtutibus multa praedicavit.
2. Ariovistus se Rhenum transivisse sua sponte dixit.
3. Ariovistus