| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ab-, a-, abs-, au-[1] | away from, down, off | Latin | ab | abdication, abduction, aberrant, abnormal, abrasion, absent, absorb, abstain, abstemious, abstraction, aversion, avulsion |
| abac-[2] | slab | Greek | ἄβαξ, ἄβακος (ábax, ábakos), ἀβακίσκος (abakískos) | abaciscus, abacus, abax |
| ac-, acm-, acr-[3] | point | Greek | ἀκή (akḗ), ἀκίς, ἀκίδος (akís, akídos), ἀκόνη (akónē), ἄκρος (ákros), ἄκρον (ákron), ἄκρα | acidanthera, acme, acmeism, acmesthesia, acmic, acne |
| ac-, ace-[4] | cure | Greek | ἀκεῖσθαι (akeîsthai), ἀκή (akḗ), ἄκος, ἄκεος (ákos, ákeos) | aceology, autacoid, panacea |
| academ- | Akademos | Greek | Ἀκάδημος (Akádēmos) | academe, academia, academic, academy |
| acanth- | thorn | Greek | ἀκή, ἄκανθα (ákantha) | Acanthaster, acanthion, acanthite, Acanthocephala, acanthocephaliasis, acanthocyte, Acanthomintha, Acanthosaura, Acanthus, Metriacanthosaurus, neuroacanthocytosis |
| acar-[5] | mite | Greek | ἀκαρί (akarí) | acariasis, acarid, acariphagous, acaroid, acarology, acarophobia, acarus |
| accipitr- | hawk | Latin | accipiter | Accipiter, accipitrine |
| acer-, acri- | bitter, sharp, sour | Latin | ācer, ācris, acerbus, acere | acerbic, acrid, acrimonious, acrimony, exacerbate |
| acet- | sour, vinegar | Latin | acētum | acetabulum, acetate, acetic, acetone, acetum, triacetate |
| acid- | acidic, sour | Latin | acidus | acidiferous, acidity, acidosis, acidulation, acidulous |
| acr- | height, summit, tip, top | Greek | ἀκή (akḗ), ἄκρος (ákros) "high", "extreme", ἄκρον (ákron) | acrobat, acrobatics, acrochordon, acromegalia, acromegaly, acromion, acronym, acrophobia, acropolis, acrostic, acroterion, acrotomophilia |
| actin-[6] | beam, ray | Greek | ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖνος (aktís, aktînos) | actinic, actinism, actinium, actinocerid, actinodrome, actinoid, actinomere, actinometer, actinomorphic, actinomyces, actinophryid, actinopod, Actinopterygii, actinotherapy, actinozoa |
| acu-, acut- | sharp, pointed | Latin | acutus, past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle" | acerose, acupuncture, acumen, acute, acutifoliate |
| ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, am-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-[7] | movement to or toward; in addition to | Latin | ad "to", "toward" | accept, accurate, adapt, addition, address, adept, adherent, adhesive, adjust, admit, admonish, advertisement, affect, agglomerate, aggregate, aggression, allege, allude, ammunition, annectent, approximate, arreption, arride, arrogant, ascend, assault, assimilate, attend, attract |
| aden-[8] | gland | Greek | ἀδήν, ἀδένος (adḗn, adénos) | adenocarcinoma, adenoid, adenoidectomy, adenology, adenoma, adenomyosis, adenosis |
| adip- | fat | Latin | adeps, adipis "fat" | adipocellular, adipose |
| aer- (ΑΕΡ)[9] | lift, raise | Greek | ἀείρειν (aeírein), ἀορτή (aortḗ), αἰρόμενον, ἀϝείρω | aorta, aortic, endaortitis, meteor, meteorology |
| aer-, aero-[10] | air, atmosphere | Greek | ἀήρ, ἀέρος (aḗr, aéros) "air" | aerobic, aerodynamic, aeronautics, aeroplane, aerorrhachia, aerosol, aerotitis |
| aesth- | feeling, sensation | Greek | αἰσθητός (aisthētós), αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós) "of sense perception" from αἰσθάνεσθαι (aisthánesthai) "to perceive" | aesthesia, aesthesis, aesthete, aesthetics, anaesthetic, synesthesia |
| aether-, ether- | upper pure, bright air | Greek | αἴθειν (aíthein), αἰθήρ (aithḗr) | ether, ethereal, etheric, hypaethros |
| aev-, ev- | age | Latin | aevum | age, coeval, eon, eternal, longevity, medieval, primeval |
| ag-, -ig-, act- | do, go, move | Latin | agere, actus | act, action, activation, activity, actor, agenda, agent, agile, agitate, ambiguous, castigate, cogent, cogitate, cogitation, deactivate, excogitate, mitigate, navigate, proactive, react, transaction |
| ag-[11] | lead | Greek | ἄγειν (ágein) (cognate with Latin agere), ἀγωγός (agōgós) | agony, antagonist, antagonize, demagogue, pedagogue, pedagogy, strategy, synagogue |
| agap-[12] | love | Greek | ἀγάπη (agápē) | agape |
| agr-[13] | field | Greek | ἀγρός, ἀγροῦ (agrós, agroû) | agronomist, agronomy |
| agri-, -egri- | field | Latin | ager, agris "field, country" | agriculture, peregrine |
| ailur-[14] | cat | Greek | αἴλουρος (aílouros) | Ailuroedus, ailuromancy, ailurophile, ailurophilia, ailurophobia |
| alac- | cheerful | Latin | alacer | alacrity, allegro |
| alb- | dull white | Latin | albus | albedo, albino, albumen |
| alcyon-[15] | kingfisher | Greek | ἀλκυών, ἀλκυόνος (alkuṓn, alkuónos) | Halcyon, halcyon |
| ale-[16] (ΑΛ) | wheat flour | Greek | ἀλέω, ἄλευρον (áleuron), ἀλείατα | aleuromancy, aleurone, aleuronic |
| alg-[17] | pain | Greek | ἄλγος (álgos), ἀλγεινός, ἀλγεῖν (algeîn), ἄλγησις (álgēsis) | analgesic, arthralgia, neuralgia, nostalgia |
| ali-, alter- | other | Latin | alius "another", alter "other" | alias, alibi, alien, alter, alternate, altruism |
| all-[18] | other | Greek | ἄλλος (állos) | allegory, allogenic, allograph, allophone, parallactic, parallax |
| allel-[19] | one another | Greek | ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn) | allele, allelomorph, allelotaxis, parallel, parallelism, parallelogon, parallelogram |
| alph-[20] | A, a | Greek | Α, α, ἄλφα (álpha) | alphabet, alphabetic, analphabetic, panalphabetic, polyalphabetic |
| alphit- | barley | Greek | ἀλφός (alphós), ἄλφιτον, ἀλφίτου (álphiton, alphítou) | alphitomancy |
| alt- | high, deep | Latin | altus, altitudo | altimeter, altitude, alto, altocumulus, contralto, exalt |
| am-, amat- | love, liking | Latin | amāre, amatus, amor | amateur, amatory, amenity, amorous, enamoured |
| am-, amic-, -imic- | friend | Latin | amicus | amiable, amicable, amity, enemy, enmity, inimical |
| amath- | sand | Greek | ἄμαθος (amathos) | amathophobia |
| ambi-, am-, amb-, ambo-, an- | both, on both sides | Latin | ambi | ambidexterity, ambient, ambiguous, ambit, ambition, ambivalent, amboceptor, amputation, ancipital, andante |
| ambly-[21] | dull | Greek | ἀμβλύς (amblús) | amblygeustia, amblygonite, amblyopia, Amblypoda |
| ambul- | walk | Latin | ambulare | ambulance, ambulatory, amble, perambulate, preamble, somnambulist |
| amm-[22] | sand | Greek | ἄμμος (ámmos), ἄμαθος (ámathos) | amathophobia, Ammophila |
| amn-[23] | lamb | Greek | ἀμνός (amnós), ἀμνεῖος, ἀμνειός, ἀμνίον (amníon) | amniocentesis, amnion, amnioscope, amniote, amniotic, anamniote |
| amph-, amphi-[24] | both, on both sides of, both kinds | Greek | ἀμφί (amphí) "on both sides" | amphibian, amphibious, amphibole, amphibolic, amphimacer, Amphipoda, amphistyly, amphitheatre, amphoterism |
| ampl- | ample, abundant, bountiful, large | Latin | amplus | ample, amplify, amplitude |
| amygdal-[25] | almond | Greek | ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), ἀμύγδαλον (amúgdalon) | almond, amygdala, amygdale, amygdalin, amygdaloid, amygdule |
| an-, a-, am-, ar- | not, without | Greek | Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not" | ambrosia, anaerobic, anarchy, anemia, anesthesia, anhydrous, anonymous, apathy, aphasia, arrhythmia, atheism, atypical |
| ana-, am-, an-[26] | again, against, back, up | Greek | ἀνά (aná) | anagram, anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anarrhexis, anion, anode |
| andr-[27] (ΑΝΕΡ) | male, masculine | Greek | ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (anḗr, andrós), ἀνδρότης | Andrew, Alexander, androcentric, androcentrism, androgen, androgenous, androgyne, androgynous, androgyny, android, andrology, androphobia, androspore, diandry, misandry, monandry, philander, polyandrous, polyandry, protandry, pseudandry, synandrous |
| anem-[28] (ΑΝ) | wind | Greek | ἄνεμος (ánemos) | anemograph, anemometer, anemometric, anemone, anemophilous, anemophily, anemophobia, anemoscope, anemotropism |
| anim- | breath, life, soul, spirit | Latin | anima "breath", "soul" | animal, animation, anime, animism, animus, inanimate, equanimity |
| ann-, -enn- | year, yearly | Latin | annus "year" | anniversary, annual, centennial, millennium, perennial |
| ant-, anti-[29] | against, opposed to, preventive | Greek | ἀντί (antí) "against" | antagonist, antagonize, antibiotic, antibody, antichrist, antidepressant antidote, antifreeze, antifungal, antigen, antinomies, antipathy, antipodes, antirrhinum, antiseptic, antisocial, antithesis |
| ante-, anti-[30] | before, in front of, prior to; old | Latin | ante "before", "against"; see also antiquus "old" | antebellum, antecedent, antedate, antediluvian, anteroom, anticipate, antiquarian, antiquate, antique, antiquity |
| anth-[31] | flower | Greek | ἀνθεῖν (antheîn), ἄνθος (ánthos), ἄνθησις (ánthēsis), ἄνθημα (ánthēma), ἀνθηρός (anthērós) | anther, anthesis, Anthocoridae, anthodite, anthology, anthophobia, anthophore, Anthozoa, chrysanthemum, dianthus, enanthem, enanthema, exanthem, exanthematic, hydranth, hypanthium, perianth, zoanthid |
| anthrac- | coal | Greek | ἄνθραξ, ἄνθρακος (ánthrax, ánthrakos) | anthracite, anthracnose, anthracycline, anthrax |
| anthrop- | human | Greek | ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos) "man" | anthropology, anthroposophy, anthropomorphic, misanthrope, philanthropy |
| ap-, apo-[32] | off, away from, separate, at the farthest point | Greek | ἀπό (apó) "from, away, un-, quite", sometimes "changed, switched" | aphelion, apocrine, apocryphal, apogee, aporrhinosis, apostasy, apostate |
| aper- | open | Latin | aperire | aperient, apéritif, aperitive, aperture, overt, overture, pert |
| aphrod- | Aphrodite | Greek | Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē), Ἀφροδίσιος (Aphrodísios), ἀφροδισιακόν (aphrodisiakón) | aphrodisiac, pseudohermaphroditism |
| api- | bee | Latin | apis | apian, apiary, apicula, apium; Petrus Apianus |
| aqu- | water | Latin | aqua | acquacotta, akvavit, aqua vitae, aquaculture, aquamarine, aquarelle, aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic, aquatile, aqueduct, aqueous, aquifer, aquiferous, aquiform, gouache, semiaquatic |
| ara- | plow, till | Latin | ărāre | arability, arable, aration, aratory, exarate, exaration, inarable, nonarable |
| arachn- | spider | Greek | ἀράχνης, ἀράχνη (arákhnē) | Arachne, arachnid, arachnodactyly, arachnoid, arachnology, arachnophobia |
| arbit- | judge | Latin | arbiter (from ad "to" + baetere "to come, go") | arbiter, arbitrage, arbitrary, arbitration |
| arcan- | box | Latin | arcanus | arcane, arcanum |
| arch-, arche-, archi- | ruler | Greek | ἄρχειν (árkhein), ἄρχων (árkhōn), ἀρχή (arkhḗ) "rule" (in compounds: ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-) | anarchism, anarchist, anarchy, andrarchy, antarchy, archangel, archetype, architect, archon, autarch, autarchism, autarchy, eparch, eparchy, exarch, gynarchy, monarch, monarchism, monarchist, monarchy, navarch, octarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy, plutarchy, polyarchy, synarchism, synarchy, tetrarchy, triarchy, trierarch |
| archae-, arche- | ancient | Greek | ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos) "ancient" from ἀρχή (arkhḗ) "rule" | Archaea, archaeoastronomy, archaeology, archaic, archaism, archegonium, archeology |
| arct- | Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold | Greek | ἄρκτος (árktos) "bear", ἀρκτικός (arktikós) | Antarctic, arctic, Arctic Ocean, palearctic |
| ard- | heat, glow, passion | Latin | ardere "to burn", arsus | ardent, ardor, arson |
| ardu- | difficult | Latin | arduus "high, steep" | arduous |
| aret- | virtue | Greek | ἀρετή, ἀρετῆς (aretḗ, aretês) | aretaic, arete |
| argent- | silver | Latin | argentum | argent, Argentina |
| arid- | be dry | Latin | ārēre "be dry or parched" | arid |
| arist- | excellence | Greek | ἄριστος (áristos) | aristocracy, aristocrat |
| arithm- | count, number | Greek | ἀριθμός (arithmós), ἀριθμέω, ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós) | antilogarithm, arithmetic, arithmomania, logarithm, logarithmic |
| arm- | weapon | Latin | arma | armament, armistice, armor, armory, arms, army, disarm, rearm |
| arsen-[33] | male | Greek | ἄρσην, ἄρσενος (ársēn, ársenos), ἀρσενικός (arsenikós) | arsenic, arsenopyrite |
| art- | art, skill | Latin | ars, artis | artifact, artifice, artificial, artificiality, artisan |
| arthr- | joint | Greek | ἄρθρον (árthron) | anarthria, arthritic, arthritis, arthrogryposis, arthropathy, arthroplasty, arthropod, arthroscope, arthroscopic, arthroscopy, arthrosis, dysarthria, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathy |
| arti- | even | Greek | ἄρτιος (ártios), ἀρτιότης "evenness", ἀρτιάκις | artiodactyl, artiodactylous |
| asc-[34] | bag | Greek | ἀσκός (askós), ἀσκίδιον (askídion) | ascidium, ascites, ascitic, ascocarp, ascoma, ascomycete, Ascomycota, ascospore, ascus |
| asin- | donkey, ass | Latin | asinus | asinine, ass, easel |
| asper- | rough | Latin | asper "rough" | asperity, exasperate |
| aspr-[35] | white | Greek | ἄσπρος (áspros) | diaper |
| aster-, astr- | star, star-shaped | Greek | ἀστήρ, ἀστέρος (astḗr, astéros), ἄστρον (ástron) "star" | aster, asterisk, asteroid, astrology, astronomy, astronaut, diasterism geaster, monaster |
| asthen- | weak | Greek | ἀσθενής (asthenḗs) | asthenopia, asthenosphere, asthenozoospermia |
| ather-[36] | gruel | Greek | ἀθάρη (athárē) | atherogenic, atheroma, atherosclerosis |
| athl- | contest | Greek | ἆθλος (âthlos) "contest, feat", ἄεθλος | athlete, athletic, decathlon, pentathlon, triathlon |
| -athroid- | gathered or lumped together | Greek | ἀθροίζειν (athroízein) "to gather together" | epiathroid, hypoathroid |
| audac- | daring | Latin | audax "brave, bold, daring", from audere "to dare" | audacious, audacity |
| aud- | hearing, listening, sound | Latin | audire "to hear" | audible, audience, audio, audiobook, audiology, audiovisual, audit, audition, auditorium, auditory |
| aug-, auct- | grow, increase | Latin | augēre, auctus "to increase" | auction, augend, augment, augmentation, augur, augury, august, author, auxiliary, inauguration |
| aul- | flute, tube | Greek | ἄημι (ἄϝημι), αὐλός (aulós), αὐλέω, αὔλησις, αὐλητής (aulētḗs) | aulete, aulos, hydraulic, hydraulus |
| aur- | relating to gold, or gold-colored | Latin | aurum "gold" | aureate, aureole |
| auri-, aus- | relating to the ear | Latin | auris "ear" | aural, auricle, aurinasal, auscultate, auscultation |
| aut-, auto-[37] | self; directed from within | Greek | αὐτός (autós) "self", "same" | autarchism, autarchy, autarky, authentic, autism, autistic, autobiography, autocracy, autograph, autoimmune, automatic, automaton, automobile, autonomy, autopilot |
| aux-[38] | increase | Greek | αὔξειν (aúxein), αὐξάνειν auxánein, αὔξησις (aúxēsis), αὐξητικός (auxētikós) | auxanogram, auxanography, auxanology, auxanometer, auxesis, auxetic, auxin, auxochrome, auxology, auxotroph, auxotrophy |
| av- | desire | Latin | avere "crave, long for" | avarice, avaricious, avarous, ave, avid, avidity |
| avi-, au- | bird | Latin | avis | auspice, auspicious, avian, aviary, aviation, aviator |
| axi-[39] | merit, worth | Greek | ἄξιος (áxios) "worth" | axiology, axiom, axiomatic |
| axi- | axis | Latin | axis | axion, axis, axisymmetry |
| axon-[40] | axis, axle | Greek | ἄξων, ἄξονος (áxōn, áxonos) | axon, axonography, axonometric, axonotmesis |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ba-[41] (ΒΑ[42]) |
Greek | βαίνειν (baínein),
βατός (batós), βάσις (básis), βῆμα, βήματος (bêma, bḗmatos), βάτης (bátēs), βάθρον (báthron), βατεῖν |
acrobat, acrobatic, adiabatic, aerobatic, anabasis, anabatic, antiparabema, base, basic, basidiocarp, basidioma, basidiomycete, basidiospore, basidium, basion, basionym, basis, basophilic, bema, catabasis, catabatic, diabase, diabatic, diabetes, diabetic, dibasic, hyperbaton, hypobasis, katabasis, katabatic, monobasic, polybasic, stereobate, stylobate, tribasic | |
| bac- | rod-shaped | Latin | baculum | baculiform, baculum, bacteria |
| bal-, bel-, bol- (ΒΑΛ[43]) |
throw | Greek | βάλλειν (bállein), βολή (bolḗ), βλῆμα (blêma) | ametabolic, ametabolism, amphibole, amphibolic, amphibolite, amphibolous, amphiboly, anabolic, anabolism, astrobleme, ball, ballism, ballista, ballistic, ballistospore, belomancy, belonephobia, bolide, bolometer, catabolic, catabolism, devil, diabolic, emblem, emblematic, embolic, embolism, embolismic, embolize, embolon, embolus, emboly, hemiballismus, holometabolism, hyperbola, hyperbole, hyperbolic, hyperboloid, metabolic, metabolism, metabolite, metabolize, palaver, parable, parabola, parabolic, paraboloid, parle, parley, parol, parole, problem, problematic, symbol, symbolic, symbolism, symbolist, symbolize, symbology, taurobolium, thromboembolism |
| bapt- (ΒΑΦ[44]) |
dip | Greek | βάπτειν (báptein), βάμμα (bámma) | abaptiston, Anabaptist, baptism, baptize |
| bar-[45] | weight, pressure | Greek | βαρύς (barús), βάρος (báros) | abarognosis, antibaryon, baresthesia, bariatric, baritone, barognosis, barogram, barograph, barometer, barometric, barophobia, barostat, barycentre, barycentric, baryogenesis, baryon, barysphere, baryton, barytone, hyperbaric, hypobaric, isobar, isobaric |
| bas- | step | Greek | βάσις | |
| bath- | deep, depth | Greek | βαθύς (bathús), βάθος (báthos) | batholith, bathophobia, bathos, bathymetry, bathyscaphe, bathysphere, isobathic |
| be-, beat- | bless | Latin | beare, beatus | beatification |
| bell-, belli- | war | Latin | bellum, belli | antebellum, bellicose, belligerent, rebellion |
| ben- | good, well | Latin | bene (adverb) | beneficence, benefit, benevolent, benign, benignant, benignity |
| bet- | B, b | Greek | beta | alphabet, alphabetic, analphabetic, panalphabetic, polyalphabetic |
| bi-, bin-, bis- | two | Latin | bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos" | bicycle, biennial, bifocal, bisexual, bigamy, binary, binoculars, biscotti |
| bib- | drink | Latin | bibere, bibitus | bib, beer, beverage, imbibe |
| bibl-[46] | book | Greek | βίβλος (bíblos), βιβλίον (biblíon) "book" | bible, biblioclasm, biblioclast, bibliogony, bibliographic, bibliography, biblioklept, bibliomancy, bibliomania, bibliophile, bibliophilia, bibliophobe, bibliophobia, bibliotaph |
| bio-, bi-[47] | life | Greek | βιοῦν (bioûn), βίος (bíos) "life", βιωτός (biōtós), βιωτικός (biōtikós), βίωσις (bíōsis) | abiogenesis, abiotic, aerobiology, anhydrobiosis, anoxybiosis, antibiotic, astrobiology, autobiography, biocentrism, biochron, biocoenosis, biogenesis, biographic, biography, biologism, biologist, biology, biome, biometric, biomorph, biomorphism, biophilia, biophysicist, biophysics, biopoiesis, biopolymer, biopsy, biorhythm, biosemiotic, biosphere, biostasis, biosynthesis, biota, biotic, biotin, biotope, biotype, biozone, chemobiosis, cryobiosis, cryptobiosis, ectosymbiosis, endosymbiont, endosymbiosis, enterobiasis, exobiology, macrobiotic, microbiology, osmobiosis, probiotic, symbiogenesis, symbiology, symbiont, symbiosis, symbiotic |
| blast-[48] | germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus | Greek | βλαστάνειν (blastánein), "to sprout, bud", βλαστός (blastós), βλάστημα (blástēma) | blastema, blastochyle, blastocoel, blastocoele, blastocyst, blastoderm, blastoma, blastula, cytotrophoblast, diploblasty, ectoblast, endoblast, entoblast, fibroblast, osteoblast, sideroblast |
| blenn- | slime | Greek | βλέννος (blénnos) | blennadenitis, blennophobia, blennosperma, blennorrhagia |
| bol- | throw | Greek | |
|
| bol-[49] | clod, lump | Greek | βῶλος (bôlos) | bole, bolus, embolism |
| bomb-[50] | boom | Greek | βομβεῖν, βόμβος, βόμβησις | bomb, bound |
| bon- | good | Latin | bonus | bonify, bonitary |
| bore- | north | Latin from Greek | borealis "northern" from Βορέας (Boréas) "the north wind" | borealis |
| botan- | plant | Greek | βοτάνη, βότανον (botánē, bótanon), βοτανικός | botanic, botanist, botanology, botany |
| bov-, bu- | cow, ox | Latin | bos (genitive bovis) "ox, cow" | beef, boor, bovine, bucinator muscle |
| brachi-, brachio- | arm | Latin from Greek | bracchium | brachiferous, brachial artery, brachiocubital |
| brachi-, brachio-, brachion-, brachioni- | arm | Greek | βραχίων (brakhíōn) | brachialgia, brachionerysipelas, brachionigraph, brachiorrhachidian, brachiosaurus |
| brachy-[51] | short | Greek | βραχύς (brakhús) | amphibrach, brachistochrone, brachycephaly, brachydactyly, brachyury, dibrach, tribrach |
| brady-, bradys-[52] | slow | Greek | βραδύς (bradús), βράδος (brádos) | bradycardia, bradysuria, bradytelic |
| branchi- | gill | Greek | βράγχιον (bránkhion) | branchiopneustic, branchiopod, nudibranch |
| broc- | rain, wet | Greek | ἐμβροχή (embrokhḗ) | embrocation, embrocate |
| brev- | brief, short (time) | Latin | brevis, breviare | abbreviate, brevextensor, brevicaudate, brevity, brief |
| bromat-, bromato-, broma-, bromo- | food | Greek | βρῶμα (brôma) | bromatium, bromateccrisis, bromatherapy, bromatology, bromography |
| brom-[53] | oats | Greek | βρόμος, βρόμη (brómos, brómē) "oats" | brome, Bromus, Bromus ramosus |
| brom- | stench | Greek | βρῶμος (brômos) "stench, clangor" | bromate, bromide, bromine, bromoderma, organobromine |
| bronch-[54] | windpipe | Greek | βρόγχος (brónkhos), βρόγχια (brónkhia) | bronchia, bronchiole, bronchion, bronchitis, bronchomalacia, bronchopneumonia, bronchus, tracheobronchomalacia |
| bront-[55] | thunder | Greek | βροντή (brontḗ) | brontology, brontophobia, Brontosaurus |
| brot-[56] | mortal | Greek | βροτός (brotós) | ambrosia, ambrotype |
| bucc- | cheek, mouth, cavity | Latin | bucca | buccal, buccilingual, buccolingual |
| bulb- | bulbous | Latin | bulbus | bulbiform, bulbiparous, bulboartrial, bulborrhexis, bulbous, bulbule |
| bull- | bubble, flask | Latin | bullire, bulla | bullectomy, bulliferous, ebullient, ebullism |
| burs- | pouch, purse | Latin | bursa | bursa, bursalogy, bursar, bursary, bursectomy, bursiform, disburse |
| butyr-[57] | butter | Greek | βούτυρον (boúturon) | butyric |
| byss-[58] | bottom | Greek | βυσσός, βυσσοῦ (bussós, bussoû) | abyss, abyssopelagic, hypabyssal |
| byss-[59] | flax | Greek | βύσσος (bússos) | byssus |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cac-, kak-[60] | bad | Greek | κακός (kakós), κάκιστος (kákistos) | cachexia, cacistocracy, cacodemon, cacoepy, cacography, cacophobia, cacophobe, cacophobic, cacophonous, cacophony, cacorrhacitis, kakistocracy, kakistocrat |
| cad-, -cid-, cas- | fall | Latin | cadere, casus | accidence, accident, accidental, cadaver, cadaverine, cadaverous, cadence, cadency, cadent, cadential, cadenza, caducity, caducous, cascade, case, casual, casualty, casuistry, chance, cheat, chute, coincide, coincidence, coincident, coincidental, decadence, decadent, decay, decidua, decidual, deciduate, deciduation, deciduous, demicadence, escheat, escheatable, escheatage, escheatment, escheator, incidence, incident, incidental, nonaccidental, nondeciduous, nonincidental, parachute, postaccident, procidentia, recidivous, semelincident |
| caed-, -cid-, caes-, -cis- | cut, kill | Latin | caedere, caesus | caespitose, caesura, cement, cementation, cementitious, cementum, cespitose, chisel, circumcise, circumcision, concise, concision, decidability, decidable, decide, decision, decisive, deciso, excide, excise, excision, excisional, germicide, genocide, homicide, imprecise, imprecision, incise, incision, incisive, incisor, incisory, incisure, indecision, indecisive, occision, pesticide, précis, precise, precision, scissors, semidecidable, succise, succision, suicide |
| cal-, call- | beautiful | Greek | καλός (kalós) "beautiful"; κάλλος (kállos) "beauty", κάλλιστος (kállistos) | calisthenics, calligraphy, Callista, Callisto, calophyllous, kaleidoscope |
| cal- | call | Latin | calare | calendar, claim, class, conciliate, conciliatory, council, intercalate, nomenclature |
| cal- | heat | Latin | calere, calor "heat" | caldarium, caldera, calefacient, calefaction, calefactive, calefactory, calenture, calescent, calid, calor, calore, caloric, calorie, calorifacient, calorific, calorigenic, calorimeter, caudle, cauldron, chafe, chafery, chalder, chaldron, chaud-froid, chauffer, chauffeur, chauffeuse, decalescence, decalescent, nonchalance, nonchalant, recalescence, scald |
| calc- | calcium ,stone | Latin and Greek | from Latin calx (genitive calcis) "lime", from Greek χάλιξ (khálix) "pebble", "limestone" | calcite, calcitrant, calcium, calculate, calculus, chalicothere, chalk, recalcitrant |
| calv-, calum- | trick, lie, deceive | Latin | calumnia "slander, trickery", from calvi "to trick, deceive" | calumnious, calumny, cavil, challenge |
| calyp-[61] | cover | Greek | καλύπτειν (kalúptein), καλυπτός (kaluptós), κάλυξ, κάλυκος (kálux, kálukos) | apocalypse, apocalyptic, apocalypticism, calyce, calyptra, Calyptrogyne, calyx, epicalyx, eucalypt, eucalyptus |
| cameria- | vault | Latin | camera | antechamber, bicameral, camaraderie, camber, camera, chamber, chamberlain, comrade, concamerate, concameration, multicamera, tricameral, unicameral |
| camiso- | shirt | Latin | camisia | camisade, camisado, Camisard, camisole, chemise |
| camp- | field | Latin | campus "field", "level ground" | camp, campaign, campesino, campestral, campicolous, campimetry, campo, campsite, campus, champertous, champerty, champignon, champion, decamp, decampment, encamp, encampment |
| can- | dog | Latin | canis | canaille, canary, canicular, canicule, canid, canine, Canis, Canis Major, postcanine |
| can- | reed, rod | Latin | κάννα (kánna), κανών (kanṓn) | cane, canister, canon, canonic |
| can-, -cin-, cant-, -cent- | sing | Latin | canere, cantus | accent, accentual, accentuate, accentuation, canción, canorous, cant, cantabile, cantata, cantation, cantatory, cantatrice, canticle, canticum, cantiga, cantilena, cantillate, cantillation, cantion, canto, cantor, cantus, canzona, canzone, Carmen, chanson, chansonnier, chant, chanteur, chanteuse, chanticleer, charm, concent, descant, discant, discantus, disenchant, disenchantment, disencharm, disincentive, enchant, enchantment, enchantress, incantation, incantational, incentive, plainchant, precentor, recant, recantation, succentor, vaticinate, vaticination, vaticinator |
| cand-, cend- | glowing, iridescent | Latin | candere "to be white or glisten" | candela, candid, candidate, candle, candor, incandescent, incendiary, incense |
| cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- | hold, take | Latin | capere, captus "take or hold" (vowel changes from a to i in compounds) | capable, capacious, captive, caption, captivate, capture, conception, except, forceps, incipient, intercept, recipient |
| capit-, -cipit- | head | Latin | caput, capitis | achievable, achieve, achievement, ancipital, ancipitous, biceps, bicipital, cabotage, cad, caddie, cadet, cape, capital, capitular, capitulate, capitulation, captain, chapter, chaptrel, chattel, chef, chief, chieftain, co-captain, co-captaincy, decapitate, decapitation, occipital, occiput, precipitation, precipitous, quadriceps, recap, recapitulate, sincipital, sinciput, sous-chef, subcaptain, triceps, tricipital, unicipital, vice-captain, vice-captaincy |
| capn-[62] | smoke | Greek | καπνός (kapnós), καπνόομαι | capnogram, capnograph, capnography, capnolagnia, capnomancy, capnometer, capnometry, capnomor, capnophile, hypercapnia, hypocapnia |
| capr- | goat | Latin | caper (genitive capri) "goat", also capreolus "wild goat" | cab, caper, caprice, Capricorn, caprine |
| caps- | box, case | Latin | capsa | capsule |
| carbon- | coal | Latin | carbo, carbonis | bicarbonate, carbon, carbonara, carbonate, carbonation, Carboniferous, carbuncle, radiocarbon |
| carcer- | jail | Latin | carcer, carcerare, cancelli | chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery, incarcerate, incarceration, subchancel |
| carcin- | cancer (disease) | Latin from Greek | Latin from Greek καρκίνος (karkínos) "crab" | carcinogenic, carcinoma |
| cardi-[63] | heart | Greek | καρδιά (kardiá) | cardiac, cardialgia, cardiograph, cardioid, cardiologist, cardiology, cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, cardioplegia, cardioplegic, cardiospasm, electrocardiogram, electrocardiography, endocardium, epicardium, hemicardia, myocardium, neurocardiology, pericardium |
| cardin- | hinge | Latin | cardo, cardinis | cardinal, cardinality, kern |
| carn- | flesh | Latin | caro, carnis | carnage, carnal, carnality, carnary, carnate, carnation, carneous, carnival, carnivore, carnose, carnosity, carrion, caruncle, carunculate, charcuterie, charnel, discarnate, incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate, reincarnation |
| carp-[64] | fruit | Greek | καρπός (karpós) | acarpous, acrocarpous, amphicarpous, angiocarpous, anisocarpic, Carpo, carpogonium, carpology, carpophagous, carpophore, carpospore, cystocarp, dipterocarp, endocarp, epicarp, exocarp, Karpos, mericarp, mesocarp, monocarpic, pericarp, polycarpic, procarp, pseudocarp |
| carp-[65] | wrist | Greek | καρπός (karpós) | carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome, carpus, metacarpus |
| cast- | pure, cut | Latin | castrare and castus, from kes- (to cut) | caste, castigate, castrate, chaste, chastity, incest |
| cata-, cat- | down, against, back | Greek | κατά (katá) "down, against, back" | catabolic, catacomb, catalyst, catarrhine, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation |
| caten- | chain | Latin | catena | catenary, concatenation |
| cathar-[66] | pure | Greek | καθαρός (katharós) | catharsis, cathartic |
| caud- | tail | Latin | cauda | caudal, coda |
| caus-, -cus- | cause or motive | Latin | causa | accuse, because, causal, causative, cause, excuse |
| caust-, caut- | burn | Greek | καίειν (kaíein), καυστός, καυτός (kaustós, kautós), καυστικός (kaustikós), καῦσις (kaûsis), καῦμα (kaûma) | calm, catacaustic, causalgia, causalgic, caustic, cauter, cauterize, cautery, diacaustic, encaustic, holocaust, hypocaust |
| cav- | hollow | Latin | cavus | cave, cavity, excavation, cavern, cavernous, concave |
| ced-, cess- | move, yield, go, surrender | Latin | cedere, cessus | accede, cede, concede, precede, procedure, proceed, procession, recede, secede, succeed, success |
| cel- | hide | Latin | celare "to hide" | ceiling, clandestine, conceal, occult |
| celer- | quick | Latin | celer, celerare | acceleration, celerity |
| cen-, caen-[67] | new | Greek | καινός (kainós) | caenogastropod, caenogenesis, Cenozoic |
| cen- | empty | Greek | κενός (kenós) | cenotaph, kenosis |
| cen-, coen-[68] | common | Greek | κοινός (koinós) | cenobite, coenesthesia, coenocyte, epicene, epicœne, koinonos, koinophilia |
| cens- | to assess | Latin | censere | censure, census |
| cent- | hundred | Latin | centum | cent, centennial, centurion, percent, century |
| centen- | hundred each | Latin | centeni | centenarian, centenary |
| centesim- | hundredth | Latin | centesimus | centesimal, centesimation |
| centr- | center | Greek | κεντεῖν, κέντησις, κέντρον (kéntron) "needle", "spur", κεντρικός, κεντρισμός | acentric, acrocentric, amniocentesis, anthropocentric, anthropocentrism, barycenter, biocentric, biocentrism, centaur, centauromachy, centesis, centre, centric, centrism, centrist, centroid, centromere, centromeric, centrosphere, centrosymmetric, centrosymmetry, centrum, eccentric, eccentrism, eccentrist, ecocentric, ecocentrism, ecocentrist, egocentric, egocentrism, enterocentesis, epicentre, holocentric, metacentric, monocentric, neocentromere, orthocenter, orthocentric, paracentesis, pericardiocentesis, technocentric, technocentrism, telocentric, thoracentesis, thoracocentesis |
| centri- | center | Latin | centrum | central, center, concentrate, concentric, centrifugal, centripetal |
| cephal- | head | Greek | κεφαλή (kephalḗ) | acephalic, acephaly, anencephaly, autocephaly, brachiocephalic, brachycephalic, cephalic, cephalomancy, cephalometry, cephalon, cephalopagus, cephalopod, diencephalon, dolichocephalic, encephalitis, encephalogram, encephalopathy, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, mesaticephalic, mesencephalic, mesocephalic, metencephalon, microcephaly, myelencephalon, neencephalon, paleencephalon, prosencephalon, rhombencephalon, rhombencephalosynapsis, syncephalus, telencephalon |
| ceram- | clay | Greek | κέραμος (kéramos) | ceramic |
| cerat- | horn | Greek | κέρας (kéras), κέρατος (kératos) | keratin, triceratops |
| cern-, cer- | sift | Latin | cernere "to sift, separate" | ascertain, certain, concern, concert, decree, discern, excrement, secern, secret |
| cervic- | relating to the neck, relating to the cervix | Latin | cervix, cervicis "neck" | cervix, cervical |
| ceter- | other | Latin | ceterus | et cetera |
| chaet-[69] | hair, bristle, or seta | Greek | χαίτη (khaítē) "long hair" | chaetophobia, chaetophorous, Chaetomium, Chaetomorpha, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, polychaete, spirochaete, spirochete |
| chir-[70] | of the hand or hands | Greek | χείρ (kheír) "hand" | chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera, chirurgy, enchiridion, Haplocheirus |
| chelon- | relating to a turtle | Greek | χελώνη (khelṓnē) "tortoise" | Archelon, chelonia |
| chlor-[71] | green | Greek | χλωρός (khlōrós) | chloranthy, chlorine, chlorophobia, chlorophyll, chloroplast, pyrochlore |
| chondr- | cartilage | Greek | χόνδρος (khóndros) | hypochondriasis, osteochondritis |
| chore- | relating to dance | Greek | χορεία (khoreía) "dancing in unison" from χορός (khorós) "chorus" | chorea, choree, choreia, choreography, chorus, hemichorea |
| chord-[72] | cord | Latin and Greek | chorda "rope" from χορδή (khordḗ) | chordata, cord, hexachord, monochord, polychord, tetrachord |
| chres- | use | Greek | χράω, χρῆσθαι (khrêsthai), χρηστός (khrēstós), χρήστης, χρῆσις (khrêsis), χρήσιμος | chresard, chresonym, chrestomathic, chrestomathy, heterochresonym, heterochresonymy, orthochresonym, orthochresonymy |
| chro-, chrom- | color | Greek | χρῶμα (khrôma) | achromat, achromatic, achromatism, achromatopsia, achromatopsic, amphichroic, apochromat, auxochrome, chroma, chromatic, chromatid, chromatophore, chrome, chromium, chromogen, chromolithography, chromophobia, chromophore, chromosome, dichroic, dichroism, dichromatic, heliochrome, heterochromatic, heterochromatin, microchromosome, monochromatic, monochrome, photochromism, pleochroism, polychromatic, polychrome, trichroism, trichromatic, trichromic |
| chron-[73] | time | Greek | χρόνος (khrónos) | anachronism, asynchronous, biochronology, chronaxie, chronic, chronicle, chronogram, chronograph, chronology, chronometer, chronometry, chronophobia, chronophotography, chronostasis, geochronology, heterochrony, hydrochronometer, isochron, protochronism, synchronic, synchronism, synchronize, synchronous, tautochrone |
| chrys-[74] | gold | Greek | χρυσός (khrusós), χρύσεος "golden" | chrysalis, chryselephantine, chrysolite, chrysophobia, chrysoprase |
| cili- | eyelash | Latin | cilium | cilia, supercilious |
| ciner- | ash | Latin | cinis, cineris | incineration |
| cing-, cinct- | gird | Latin | cingere, cinctus | succinct |
| circ- | circle, ring | Latin | circulus, circus | circle, circular, circulate, circus |
| circum- | around | Latin | circum | circumcise, circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumscribe |
| cirr-[75] | orange | Greek | κιρρός (kirrhós) | cirrhosis |
| cirr- | curl, tentacle | Latin | cirrus | cirrus |
| cis- | on this side of, on the side nearer to the speaker (as opposed to trans-) | Latin | cis | cisalpine, cisandine, cisatlantic, cisgangetic, cisgender, cisjurane, cisleithan, cislunar, cismontane, cispadane, cispontine, cisrhenane |
| cit- | call, start | Latin | citare, frequentative of ciere | citation, cite, excite, incite, solicit, solicitous |
| civ- | citizen | Latin | civis | civic, civil, civilian, civility, civilization |
| clad-[76] | branch | Greek | κλάδος (kládos) | clade, cladistics, cladogenesis, cladogram, heterocladic |
| clam- | cry out | Latin | clamare | acclaim, claim, clamor, exclamation, proclamation, reclamation |
| clar- | clear | Latin | clarus, clarare | clarity, clear, declaration |
| clast- | broken | Greek | κλᾶν, κλαστός (klastós), κλάσις, κλάσμα | anorthoclase, antanaclasis, clastic, iconoclast, orthoclase, osteoclast, plagioclase, pyroclastic, synclastic |
| claud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus- | close, shut | Latin | claudere, clausus | clause, claustrophobia, conclude, exclude, exclusive, include, occlusion, occult, recluse, seclude |
| clav- | key | Greek | κλείς (kleís) "key" from κλείειν, (kleíein) "to close" | clavichord, clavicle, conclave |
| cleist- | closed | Greek | κλείειν, κλειστός (kleistós), κλεῖσμα | cleistogamy, cleistothecium, enterocleisis, kleisma |
| cleithr- | bar, key | Greek | κλεῖθρον (kleîthron) | Clathrus, cleithrophobia, cleithrum |
| cle-[77] | call | Greek | ἐκκλησίᾱ, κλῆσις, κλητός (ekklēsíā, klêsis, klētós) | ecclesia, Ecclesiastes, ecclesiastic, ecclesiology, ecclesiophobia, epiclesis, paraclete |
| clin- | bed | Greek | κλίνη (klínē) | clinic |
| clin- | lean, recline | Latin | -clinare | decline, declination, incline, inclination, recline |
| cochl-[78] | snail, spiral shell | Greek | κόχλος (kókhlos) | cochlea |
| coel- | hollow | Greek | κοῖλος (koîlos) | blastocoel, coelom, coelomate, coelomic, enterocoely, pseudocoelomate, sarcocele, schizocoelomate, schizocoely, spongocoel |
| col- | strain | Latin | colare, cōlum | colander, coulee, coulis, coulisse, couloir, cullender, cullis, percolate, percolation, percolator, piña colada, portcullis |
| col-, cult- | cultivate, till, inhabit | Latin | colere, cultus | acculturate, acculturation, agriculture, apiculture, bicultural, colonial, colony, countercultural, counterculture, cult, cultivable, cultivate, cultivation, cultivator, cultural, culturati, culture, deculturate, deculturation, incult, inculturation, inquiline, inquilinity, inquilinous, intercultural, multicultural, postcolonial, precolonial, subcultural, subculture |
| coll- | hill | Latin | collis | colliculus |
| coll- | neck | Latin | collum | accolade, col, collar, decollate, decollation, décolletage, encollar |
| color- | color | Latin | color | bicolor, Colorado, coloration, coloratura, concolorous, decolor, discolor, discoloration, encolor, multicolor, quadricolor, recolor, tricolor, unicolor, versicolor |
| com- | friendly, kind | Latin | cōmis "courteous, kind" | comity |
| con-, co-, col-, com-, cor-[79] | with, together | Latin | cum | coagulate, collide, compress, connect, connote, contain, contribute, consult, constitution, corrode, quondam |
| con-[80] | cone | Greek | κῶνος (kônos), κωνικός (kōnikós) | conic, conical, conicoid, conodont, conoid, conoscope, orthocone, orthoconic, polyconic |
| condi- | season | Latin | condire | condiment |
| contra- | against | Latin | contra | contraband, contraception, contradict, contraindicate, contrast, contravene |
| copi- | plenty | Latin | copia | copious, copy, cornucopia |
| copr-[81] | dung | Greek | κόπρος (kópros) | copremia, coprographia, coprolagnia, coprolalia, coprolite, coprolith, coprology, coprophagia, coprophagy, coprophilia, copropraxia, encopresis, encopretic |
| copul- | bond | Latin | copula "that which binds" | copula, copulation, couple |
| cor-, cord- | heart | Latin | cor, cordis | accord, accordance, accordant, accordatura, concord, concordance, concordant, concordat, corcle, cordate, cordial, cordiality, cordiform, core, courage, courageous, discord, discordance, discordant, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement, misericord, nonaccordant, obcordate, record, scordatura |
| corac-[82] | raven | Greek | κόραξ, κόρακος (kórax, kórakos) | coracoid |
| cori- | hide, leather | Latin | corium, corii | coriaceous, corious, corium, cuirass, cuirassier, cuirie, excoriate, excoriation |
| corn- | horn | Latin | cornū | bicorn, bicorne, Capricorn, cornea, corneal, corneous, corner, cornicle, corniculate, corniferous, cornification, corniform, cornucopia, quadricorn, quadricornous, tricorn, tricorne, tricornigerous, tricornute, unicorn, unicornous |
| coron- | crown | Latin | corona, coronare | corona, coronation, coronavirus, coroner, coronet, coroniform, Coronilla, crown, incoronate |
| corpor- | body | Latin | corpus, corporis | accorporate, bicorporal, concorporate, concorporation, corporal, corporality, corporate, corporation, corporative, corporature, corporeal, corporeality, corporeity, corps, corpse, corpulence, corpulent, corpus, corpuscle, corpuscular, disincorporate, disincorporation, extracorporeal, incorporal, incorporality, incorporate, incorporation, incorporeal, incorporeality, incorporeity, tricorporal |
| cortic- | bark | Latin | cortex, corticis | cortical, corticate, corticiform, corticifugal, corticipetal, decorticate, decortication, decorticator |
| cosm-[83] | universe | Greek | κόσμος (kósmos) | cosmic, cosmogeny, cosmogony, cosmology, cosmonaut, cosmopolitan, cosmopolite, cosmos, microcosm |
| cosmet- | the art of dress and ornament | Greek | κοσμεῖν (kosmeîn), κοσμητική (kosmētikḗ) from κόσμος (kósmos) | cosmesis, cosmetics, cosmetologist, cosmetology |
| cost- | rib | Latin | costa | accost, bicostate, coast, coastal, costa, costal, costate, curvicostate, entrecôte, infracostal, intercostal, intracoastal, multicostate, quadricostate, supracostal, tricostate, unicostate |
| cotyl-[84] | cup | Greek | κοτύλη (kotúlē) | cotyledon, dicotyledon, dicotyledonous, eudicotyledon, monocotyledon, monocotyledonous, tricotyledonous |
| -cracy, -crat | government, rule, authority | Greek | κράτος (krátos), κρατία (kratía) | acrasia, akrasia, akratic, anocracy, aristocracy, autocracy, autocrat, autocratic, bureaucracy, democracy, democratic, pancratium, plutocracy, technocracy, technocrat, theocracy |
| crani-[85] | skull | Greek | κρανίον (kraníon) | craniologist, craniometry, craniosynostosis, cranium, hemicrania, megrim, migraine |
| crass- | thick | Latin | crassus | crass, crassitude, crassulaceous |
| crea- | make | Latin | creare, creatus | creation, creative, creator, creature, creole, procreation, recreation |
| cred- | believe, trust | Latin | credere, creditus | accreditation, credence, credentials, credibility, credible, credit, creditor, credo, credulity, credulous, creed, discredit, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant |
| crepid-[86] | boot, shoe | Greek | κρηπίς, κρηπίδος (krēpís, krēpídos), κρηπίδιον, κρηπίδωμα | crepidoma |
| cresc- | grow, rise | Latin | crescere | accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accrue, concrete, crescendo, crescent, crew, decrease, increase, recruit, recruitment, surcrew |
| cribr- | sieve | Latin | cribrum, cribrare | cribble, cribellate, cribellum, cribrate, cribriform, garble |
| cric-[87] | ring | Greek | κρίκος (kríkos), κρικοειδής (krikoeidḗs) | cricoid, cricoidectomy, Cricosaurus, cricothyroid, cricothyrotomy, cricotomy |
| crisp- | curled | Latin | crispus | crape, crepe, crêpe, crisp, crispate, crispation |
| crist- | crest | Latin | crista | crease, crest, cristate |
| crit-, crisi-[88] | judge, separate | Greek | κρίνειν (krínein), κρίσις (krísis), κρίμα (kríma) | apocrine, crisis, criterion, critic, critical, criticaster, criticise, criticism, critique, diacritic, eccrine, eccrinology, eccrisis, eccritic, endocrine, endocrinology, exocrine, heterocrine, holocrine, hypercriticism, hypocrisy, hypocrite, kritarchy, Kritosaurus, merocrine, syncrisis |
| cross-[89] | fringe, tassel | Greek | κροσσός (krossós) | crossopterygii |
| cruc- | cross | Latin | crux, crucis | cross, crucial, cruciate, crucifer, cruciferous, crucifix, crucifixion, cruciform, crucify, crucigerous, cruise, crusade, cruzeiro, discruciate, excruciate, intercross, recross |
| crur- | leg, shank | Latin | crus, cruris | bicrural, crural, crus, equicrural |
| -cry | wail, shriek | Latin | critare, from quiritare | cry, decry, descry |
| crypt-[90] | hide, hidden | Greek | κρύπτειν (krúptein) "to hide", κρυπτός (kruptós) | apocrypha, apocryphal, archaeocryptography, crypt, cryptanalysis, crypteia, cryptic, cryptobiosis, cryptobiotic, cryptochrome, cryptogam, cryptogenic, cryptography, cryptology, cryptomonad, cryptophyte, cryptosystem, grot, grotesque, grotto |
| cten-[91] | comb | Greek | κτείς, κτενός (kteís, ktenós) | ctenidium, ctenoid, ctenophore |
| cub-[92] | cube | Greek | κύβος (kúbos) | cubic, cuboctahedron, cuboid, hemicube, hypercube |
| cub- | lie | Latin | cubare | incubation, succuba |
| culin- | kitchen | Latin | culīna | culinarian, culinary, kiln |
| culp- | blame, fault | Latin | culpa | culpability, culpable, culprit, exculpate, exculpatory, inculpable, inculpate, inculpatory, mea culpa |
| cune- | wedge | Latin | cuneus | coign, coigne, coin, cuneate, cuneiform, cuneus, encoignure, obcuneate, precuneus, quoin, sconcheon, scuncheon |
| cur- | care for | Latin | cūra, curare | accuracy, accurate, assecure, assurance, assure, curability, curable, curacy, curate, curative, curator, cure, curettage, curette, curio, curiosity, curious, ensure, inaccuracy, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insecurity, insurability, insurable, insurance, insure, manicure, pedicure, pococurante, proctor, proctour, proctorage, proctorial, procurable, procuracy, procuration, procurator, procure, procurement, proxy, reassurance, reassure, reinsurance, reinsure, scour, scourage, secure, security, sinecural, sinecure, sure, surety |
| curr-, curs- | run, course | Latin | currere, cursus | concur, concurrent, corridor, courier, course, currency, current, cursive, cursor, cursory, discourse, excursion, incur, occur, recur, recursion, recursive, succor |
| curv- | bent | Latin | curvus "crooked, curved", from curvare "to bend" | cavort, curb, curvaceous, curvate, curvation, curvature, curve, curviform, curvilinear, curvity, incurvate, incurvature, incurve, recurvate, recurve, recurvous |
| cuspid- | lance, point | Latin | cuspis, cuspidis | bicuspid, bicuspidate, cusp, quadricuspid, tricuspid |
| cut- | hide, skin | Latin | cutis | cutaneous, cuticle, cuticolor, cuticular, cutin, cutis, cutisector, intracutaneous, subcutaneous |
| cyan-[93] | blue | Greek | κυανός (kuanós) | cyanic, cyanide, cyanogen, cyanophobia, cyanophore, cyanosis, cyanotic, isocyanic |
| cycl-[94] | circle | Greek | κύκλος (kúklos), κυκλικός (kuklikós) | acyclic, anticyclone, anticyclonic, bicycle, cycle, cyclic, cyclide, cycloid, cyclone, cyclops, cyclosis, cyclotomic, dicyclic, eccyclema, epicycle, epicycloid, hemicycle, hemicyclium, heterocyclic, homocyclic, hypercycle, hypocycloid, isocyclic, mesocyclone, monocyclic, polycyclic, pseudocyclosis, tetracyclic, tricycle, tricyclic, unicycle |
| cylind-[95] | roll | Greek | κυλίνδειν (kulíndein), κύλινδρος (kúlindros) | cylinder, cylindric, cylindroid, cylindroma, pseudocylindric |
| cyn-[96] | dog | Greek | κύων, κυνός (kúōn, kunós) | cynic, cynicism, cynodont, cynology, cynophagy, cynophilia, cynophobia, Cynosaurus, cynosure, eucynodont |
| cyst-[97] | capsule | Greek | κύστις (kústis) | cysteine, cystic, cysticercus, cystine, cystolith, cystoma, oocyst, polycystic |
| cyt-[98] | cell | Greek | κύτος (kútos) | astrocyte, cnidocyte, cytapheresis, cytaster, cytokine, cytokinesis, cytokinin, cytology, cytoplasm, cytostasis, cytostatic, exocytosis, gonocyte, hypercytosis, leukocyte, leukocytosis, monocyte, monocytopoiesis, pancytopenia, phagocytosis, polycythaemia, polycythemia, syncytium |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| da-, dida-[99] (ΔΑ) | learn | Greek | δάω | autodidact, Didache, didact, didactic, didacticism |
| dacry-[100] | tear | Greek | δάκρυον, δακρύειν, δάκρυμα (dákruma) | dacryoadenitis, Dacryphilia |
| dactyl-[101] | digit, finger, toe | Greek | δάκτυλος (dáktulos) | anisodactyly, antidactylus, arachnodactyly, artiodactyl, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, dactyl, dactylic, dactylology, dactylomancy, dactylomegaly, dactylus, dactyly, date, didactyly, ectrodactyly, heterodactylous, heterodactyly, leptodactylous, monodactyly, oligodactyly, pamprodactyly, pentadactyl, pentadactylous, pentadactyly, perissodactyl, polydactyly, pterodactyl, schizodactyly, syndactylous, syndactyly, tetradactylous, tetradactyly, tridactyly, zygodactyly |
| dam-[102] (ΔΑΜ) | tame | Greek | δάμασις (dámasis), ἀδάμας (adámas) "untameable, invincible" | adamant, adamantine, adamantinoma, Damian |
| damn-, -demn- | to inflict loss upon | Latin | damnum, damnāre | condemn, condemnation, damage, damnation, indemnify, indemnity |
| de-[103] | bind | Greek | δεῖν (deîn), δετός, δέσις (detós, désis), δέμα (déma), δεσμός (desmós), δέσμα (désma) | arthrodesis, asyndeton, desmid, desmitis, desmoid, desmoplasia, desmosome, diadem, plasmodesma, polysyndeton, syndesis, syndesmosis, syndetic, syndeton |
| de- | down, away from, removing | Latin | dē | decay, decide, declare, decline, decompose, dedicate, deduce, defend, deletion, delineate, delude, demarcate, dementia, depress, derogatory, desecrate, descend, destroy, detract |
| deb- | owe | Latin | debere, debitus | debit, debt |
| dec-[104] | ten | Latin from Greek | δέκα (déka) "ten", δεκάς, δεκάδος (dekás, dekádos), δεκάκις (dekákis) "ten times", δεκαπλάσιος (dekaplásios) "ten-fold" decem, "ten" decies, "ten times" decumo, "tenfold" | decad, decade, decagon, decagram, decahedron, Decalogue, decamer, decamerous, decameter, decapod, decathlon |
| decim- | tenth part | Latin | decimus, tenth; from decem, ten | decimal, decimate, decimation, decimator, decuman, dime |
| decor- | ornament | Latin | decorus "fit, proper" and decorare "to decorate", from decor "beauty, ornament" and decus "ornament" | decor, décor, decorament, decorate, decoration, decorative, decorator, decorous, decorum, redecorate |
| del- | erase | Latin | delere (from dē + linere) | delete, deletion, indelible |
| delt-[105] | D, d | Greek | Δ, δ, δέλτα (délta) | delta, deltoid, deltahedron |
| dem-, dom-[106] | build | Greek | δέμειν (démein), δῶμα, δῶματος, δομή, δόμος (dómos), δέμας (démas) | apodeme, monodomy, opisthodomos, polydomy |
| dem-[107] | people | Greek | δῆμος (dêmos) | Damocles, demagogue, deme, democracy, demographic, demography, demonym, demophobia, demotic, ecdemic, endemic, epidemic, epidemiology, pandemic |
| den- | ten each | Latin | dēnī | denar, denarian, denarius, denary, denier, dinar, dinero, dinheiro |
| dendr-[108] | tree | Greek | δένδρον (déndron); akin to δρύς (drús) "tree" | dendric, dendrite, dendrochronology, dendrogram, dendromancy, Epidendrum, rhododendron |
| dens- | thick | Latin | densus | condensable, condensate, condensation, condensational, condensative, condense, dense, density, nondense, superdense |
| dent- | tooth | Latin | dens, dentis | bident, bidental, dandelion, dental, dentary, dentate, dentation, dentelle, denticity, denticle, denticulate, dentiferous, dentiform, dentifrice, dentigerous, dentil, dentin, dentinal, dentine, dentition, denture, indent, indentation, indenture, interdental, interdentil, intradental, multidentate, quadridentate, trident, tridentate |
| der-[109] | skin | Greek | δέρειν (dérein), δέρμα, δέρματος (dérma, dérmatos) | Dermaptera, dermatology, dermis, ectoderm, endoderm, epidermis, hypodermic, mesoderm, scleroderma, taxidermy, xeroderma |
| despot-[110] | master | Greek | δεσπότης, δεσπότου, δεσποτικός, δεσποτεία, δεσποτίσκος | despot, despotic, despotism |
| deuter-[111] | second | Greek | δεύτερος (deúteros) | deuteragonist, deuteranomaly, deuteranopia, deuteride, deuterium, deuterogamist, deuterogamy, Deuteromycota, deuteron, Deuteronomy, deuterostome |
| dexi-[112] | right | Greek | δεξιός (dexiós) | Dexiarchia |
| dexter- | right | Latin | dexter | ambidexterity, ambidextrous, dexter, dexterity, dexterous, dextral, dextrality, dextrin, dextrorse, dextrose |
| di- | two | Greek | δι- (di-) | diatomic, dicot, digamy, diode, dipole |
| dia-[113] | apart, through | Greek | διά (diá) | deacon, diagram, dialysis, diameter |
| div-, diff- | different | Latin | diversum | different, divergence, diversity, divide, diffeomorphism |
| diacosi-[114] | two hundred | Greek | διακόσιοι (diakósioi), διακοσιάκις "two hundred times" | diacosigon, diacosipentecontaheptagon |
| dic-, dict- | say, speak, proclaim | Latin | dīcere, dictus, dictare | benediction, condition, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, diction, dictionary, dictum, edict, indictment, interdiction, malediction, predict, prediction, valediction, verdict |
| dida- | teach | Greek | διδάσκειν (didáskein) | autodidact, Didache, didact, didactic |
| digit- | finger | Latin | digitus | bidigitate, digit, digital, digitate, digitiform, digitigrade, multidigit, multidigitate |
| din-[115] | terrible, fearfully great | Greek | δεινός (deinós) | dinosaur |
| dipl-[116] | twofold | Greek | διπλόος (diplóos), δίπλωσις (díplōsis), δίπλωμα (díplōma) | diploblasty, diploid, diploidy, diploma, diplomacy, diplomat, diplomatic, diplomatics, diplonema, diplophase, diplopia, diplosis, diplotene, haplodiploid, haplodiploidy |
| do-[117] (ΔΟ[118]) | give | Greek | διδόναι (didónai), δοτός, (dotós,), δόσις (dósis), δόμα, δόματος (dóma, dómatos) δῶρον, διδόμενον | anecdote, antidoron, antidote, apodosis, dose |
| doc-, doct- | teach | Latin | docere, doctus | docile, doctor, doctrine, document, indoctrinate, indoctrination |
| dodec-[119] | twelve | Greek | δώδεκα (dṓdeka) | dodecagon, dodecahedron, Dodecanese, dodecaphony, dodecastyle, dodecasyllabic, hemidodecahedron |
| dog-, dox- | opinion, tenet | Greek | δοκεῖν (dokeîn) "to appear, seem, think", δόξα (dóxa) "opinion", δόγμα (dógma) | dogma, dogmatic, dogmatism, doxology, heterodox, orthodox, paradox |
| dol- | pain | Latin | dolere "to grieve", also dolus "grief" and dolor "pain" | condolence, dol, doleful, dolorous, indolence |
| dom- | house | Latin | domus | dame, domal, dome, domestic, domesticate, domestication, domesticity, domestique, domicile, domiciliary, major-domo, semidome |
| domin- | master | Latin | dominus "master"; (from domus "house") | beldam, beldame, belladonna, codomain, codominance, codominant, condominium, dam, dame, damsel, danger, demesne, demoiselle, domain, dominance, dominant, dominate, domination, dominative, dominator, dominatrix, domine, domineer, dominicide, dominion, dominium, domino, duenna, dungeon, madam, madame, mademoiselle, madonna, predominance, predominant, predominate, quasidominance, semidominance, subdominant, superdominant |
| domit- | tame | Latin | domitare, frequentative of domare | daunt, domitable, indomitable |
| don- | give | Latin | dōnum, donare | condonation, condone, donate, donation, donative, donator, donatory, donor, pardon, pardonable |
| dorm- | sleep | Latin | dormire | dormant, dormitory |
| dors- | back | Latin | dorsum | disendorse, dorsal, dorsiferous, dorsiflexion, dorsiflexor, dorsigrade, dorsiventral, dorsum, dossier, endorse, endorsee, endorsement, indorse, indorsement, reredos |
| dra-[120] | do | Greek | δρᾶν (drân), δραστικός (drastikós), δρᾶσις (drâsis), δρᾶμα, δράματος (drâma, drámatos), δραματικός (dramatikós) | dramatic, dramaturgy, drastic, melodramatic, monodrama |
| drac- | dragon | Latin | draco | Draco, draconian |
| drach-[121] | grasp | Greek | δράσσεσθαι (drássesthai), δράγμα (drágma), δραχμή (drakhmḗ) | didrachm, drachm, drachma, dram, tetradrachm |
| dram-, drom- (ΔΡΑΜ) | run | Greek | δραμεῖν (drameîn), δρόμος (drómos) | aerodrome, anadromous, antidromic, catadromous, diadromous, dromaeosaurid, heterodromous, hippodrome, loxodrome, monodromy, palindrome, syndrome |
| dros-[122] | dew | Greek | δρόσος, δρόσου (drósos, drósou) | drosometer, Drosophila |
| dry-[123] | tree | Greek | δρῦς, δρυός (drûs, druós), Δρυάς | dryad, dryadic, hamadryad |
| du- | two | Latin | duo | deuce, doubt, dual, duality, duet, duo, duplex, duplicity, duumvirate, duumviri, nonduality |
| dub- | doubtful | Latin | dubius | doubt, dubiety, dubious |
| duc-, duct- | lead | Latin | ducere, ductus | abduce, abduct, adduce, adduct, conduce, deduce, induce, introduce, produce, reduce, seduce, traduce |
| dulc- | sweet | Latin | dulcis | billet-doux, dolce, dolcetto, douce, doux, dulcet, dulcian, dulcify, dulcimer, edulcorant, edulcorate, subdulcid |
| dur- | hard | Latin | durus, durare | dour, dura, durability, durable, durain, dural, duramen, durance, durancy, duration, durative, dure, duress, durity, durous, durum, endurable, endurance, endurant, endure, indurate, induration, nondurable, obduracy, obdurate, obduration, perdurable, perdurance, perdure, subdural |
| dy-[124] | two | Greek | δύο (dúo), δυάς, δυάδος (duás, duádos) | dyad, dyadic |
| dyna-[125] | power | Greek | δύνασθαι (dúnasthai), δυνατός, δύναμις (dúnamis), δυνάστης (dunástēs) | aerodynamic, aerodynamics, antidynastic, autodyne, didynamous, dynamic, dynamism, dynamite, dynamo, dynast, dynastic, dynasty, heterodyne, metadynamics |
| dys- | badly, ill | Greek | δυσ- (dus-) | dysentery, dysphagia, dysphasia, dysplasia, dystrophy |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ec-[126] | out | Greek | ἐκ (ek) | eccentric, ecstasy, ecstatic |
| ecclesi- | assembly, congregation | Greek | ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía) from ἐκκαλέω (ekkaléō) "I summon" or "I call out" | Ecclesiastes, ecclesiastical |
| ech- | sound | Greek | ἠχή, ἠχώ, ἠχοῦς, ἠχεῖν (ēkheîn), ἤχημα | anechoic, catechesis, catechism, catechist, catechize, catechumen, echo, echoic |
| eco- | house | Greek | οἶκος (oîkos) | ecology, economics, economy, ecumenism |
| ecto-[127] | outside | Greek | ἐκτός (ektós) | ectoderm, ectoparasite, ectotherm |
| ed-, es- | eat | Latin | edere, esus | comedo, comestible, edacity, edibility, edible, escarole, esculent, esurience, esurient, inedia, inedible, inescation, inescate, obese, obesity |
| eg-[128] | goat | Greek | αἴξ, αἰγός (aíx, aigós) | egophony |
| egypt- | Egypt, egyptian | Greek | αἰγυπτος (aigyptos) | egyptology |
| ego-[129] | self, I (first person) | Latin, Greek | ego, ἐγώ (egṓ) | egocentric, egocentrism, egoism, egoistic, egomania, egomaniac |
| eiren- (iren-)[130] | peace | Greek | εἰρήνη (eirḗnē) "peace" | irenic (eirenic), irenology |
| electr-[131] | amber | Greek | ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron) | electric, electricity, electrolysis, electrolyte, electromagnetic, electron, electronic, polyelectrolyte |
| elem-, alm-[132] | pity | Greek | ἔλεος, ἐλέου (éleos, eléou), ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosúnē) | almoner, alms, eleemosynary |
| em-, empt- | buy | Latin | emere, emptus | adeem, adempt, ademption, exemption, preempt, redeem |
| eme-[133] | vomit | Greek | ἐμεῖν (emeîn), ἔμετος (émetos) | antiemetic, emesis, emetic, emetine, emetophobia, haematemesis |
| emul- | striving to equal, rivaling | Latin | aemulus, aemulare | emulator |
| en-, el-, em-[134] | in | Greek | ἐν (en) | emphasis, enclitic, enthusiasm, ellipsis, elliptic |
| enanti-[135] | opposite | Greek | ἐναντίος (enantíos) | enantiomer, enantiomerism, enantiomorph, enantiornithine |
| encephal- | brain | Greek | ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos) | encephalopathy |
| endo-[136] | inside, within | Greek | ἔνδον (éndon) | endocardial, endocerid, endocrine, endocytosis, endogamy, endogenous, endoscopy, endoskeleton, endosperm, endospore |
| engy-[137] | narrow | Greek | ἐγγύς (engús) | Engystomops, hypengyophobia |
| ennea-[138] | nine | Greek | ἐννέα (ennéa), ἐννεάς, ἐννεάδος (enneás, enneádos) | ennead, enneadic, enneagon, enneagram, enneahedron, enneamer, enneastyle, enneasyllabic, enneode |
| ens- | sword | Latin | ensis | ensiferous, ensiform |
| eo-, eos-[139] | dawn, east | Greek | Ἠώς, Ἕως (Ēṓs, Héōs) | Eocene, eohippus, Eosentomon, eosin, eosinophil, eosinophilic, Eozoic |
| ep-, epi-[140] | upon | Greek | ἐπί (epí) | ephedra, ephemeral, ephemeris, epicenter, epidemic, epilog, epiphany, episteme, epistemic, epistemology, epitaph, epitaphios, epithet, epitome, epoch, eponymous |
| equ-, -iqu- | even, equal, level | Latin | aequus | equal, equanimity, equate, Equator, equilibrium, equinox, equipoise, equity, equivalence, equivocal, equivocate, iniquity |
| equ- | horse | Latin | equus | equestrian |
| ere-[141] | row | Greek | ἐρέσσειν (eréssein), ἐρέτης (erétēs) "rower", ἐρετμόν (eretmón), εἰρεσία | trireme, trierarch, hyperetes |
| erg-, org-, urg-[142] | work | Greek | ϝέργον (wérgon), έργον (érgon), ἐργάτης (ergátēs), ὄργανον (órganon), ὀργανικός (organikós), ὄργια (órgia) | allergic, allergy, argon, demiurge, dramaturgy, endoergic, energetic, energy, erg, ergate, ergatocracy, ergodic, ergometer, ergonomics, ergophobia, exoergic, gamergate, georgic, heterorganic, homorganic, liturgy, metallurgy, microorganism, organ, organic, organism, organist, organize, organogenesis, organoid, organoleptic, orgiastic, orgy, parergon, surgeon, synergism, synergy, theurgic, theurgist, theurgy, zymurgy |
| erot-[143] | (sexual) love | Greek | ἔρως, ἔρωτος (érōs, érōtos) | erogenous, erotic, erotomania, erotophilia, erotophobia |
| err- | stray | Latin | errare | aberrance, aberrancy, aberrant, aberration, err, errant, erratic, erratum, erroneous, error, inerrant |
| erythr-[144] | red | Greek | ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), ἐρύθημα (erúthēma) | erythema, Erythraean, erythraemia, erythroblastopenia, erythrocyte, erythrocytosis, erythromelalgia, erythrophobia, erythrophore, erythroprosopalgia |
| eso-[145] | within | Greek | ἔσω (ésō) | esophoria, esoteric, esotericism, esotropia |
| eth-[146] | custom, habit | Greek | ἐθεῖν (etheîn), ἦθος (êthos) | ethic, ethics, ethology, ethos |
| ethm-[147] | sieve, sift | Greek | ἠθεῖν (ētheîn), ἠθμός (ēthmós); ἤθειν (ḗthein) | ethmoid |
| ethn-[148] | people, race, tribe, nation | Greek | ἔθνος (éthnos), ἐθνικός (ethnikós) | ethnarch, ethnarchy, ethnic, ethnoarchaeology, ethnography, ethnomusicology, polyethnic |
| etym-[149] | true | Greek | ἔτυμος (étumos) | etymologic, etymologicon, etymologist, etymologize, etymology, etymon |
| eu-[150] | well, good | Greek | εὖ (eû) | aneuploidy, eudaemon (eudemon), eukaryote, euphony, euphoria, euphoric, euploid, euthanasia |
| eur-[151] | wide | Greek | εὐρύς (eurús), εὖρος "breadth, width" | aneurysm, Europe, eurypterid, microaneurysm |
| ex-, e-, ef- | outside, out of, from, out | Latin | ex | exclude, exist, exit, extend, extrude |
| exo-[152] | outside | Greek | ἔξω (éxō) | exogamy, exoplanet, exoskeleton, exosome, exosphere, exoteric, exothermic, exotic, exoticism, exotropia |
| extra- | outer | Latin | extra, extraneus and exterus | estrange, estrangement, exterior, extra, extraneous, extraordinary, strange |
| extrem- | outermost, utmost | Latin | extremus | extreme, extremity, extremophile |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fa-, fa (FA)[153] | say, speak | Latin | fārī, see also fatērī | affable, bifarious, confess, defamation, fable, fame, fascinate, fate, ineffability, infamy, infancy, infant, infantry, nefarious, preface, profess |
| fab- | bean | Latin | faba | faba bean |
| fac-, fact-, -fect-, -fic- (FAC)[154] | do, make | Latin | facere, factus | affair, affect, affectation, amplify, artifact, artifice, benefactor, benefice, benefit, confection, counterfeit, defeat, defect, disaffect, edifice, effect, effectible, effection, effective, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuality, effectuate, effectuation, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, enface, enfacement, facade/façade, face, facet, facette, facial, faciend, facient, facile, facilitate, facilitation, facilitative, facilitator, facilitatory, facility, facinorous, facsimile, fact, faction, factional, factionary, factious, factitious, factor, factorable, factorial, factory, factotum, factual, fake, fashion, feasible, feat, feature, feckless, fiat, forfeit, infect, inofficious, interoffice, laissez-faire, malefaction, manufacture, modify, nonofficial, office, official, officiant, officiary, officiate, officious, olfaction, omnificence, omnificent, parfait, perfect, perfecta, perfectibility, perfectible, perfection, perfective, perfector, pluperfect, prefect, prefectural, prefecture, prequalification, proficiency, proficient, profit, profitability, profitable, profiteer, profiterole, prolific, qualification, quasiperfect, rarefy, refactorable, refashion, refect, refection, refectory, reinfect, remanufacture, resurface, reunification, sacrifice, scientific, semelfactive, suboffice, subprefect, suffice, sufficiency, sufficient, superficial, superficiality, surface, surfeit, surficial, transfection, trifacial, trifecta, uniface, unifacial, unifactorial, unification |
| falc- | sickle | Latin | falx, falcis | defalcation, falcate, falciform, falchion, falcon |
| fall-, fallac-, fals- | false, deceive | Latin | fallere, falsus, fallāx, fallācis | default, fail, fallacious, fallacy, fallible, false, falsetto, falsify, falsity, fault |
| famili- | a close attendant | Latin | famulus | familiarity, family |
| fasc- | bundle | Latin | fascis | fajita, fasciculation, fascism |
| fatu- | foolish, useless | Latin | fatuus | fatuous, infatuation |
| feder- | treaty, agreement, contract, league, pact | Latin | foederāre, from foedus (genitive foederis); see also fides "faith" | confederacy, confederation, federal, federate, federation |
| fel- | cat | Latin | fēlēs, fēlis | Felinae, feline |
| felic- | happy, merry | Latin | fēlīx, fēlīcis | felicity |
| fell- | suck | Latin | fellāre | fellation |
| femin- | women, female | Latin | fēmina | femininity |
| femor- | thigh | Latin | femur (genitive femoris) | femoral, femur |
| fend-, fens- | strike | Latin | fendere, -fensus | defend, fend, offend, offense |
| fenestr- | window | Latin | fenestra | defenestration |
| fer- | to bear, carry | Latin | ferre | aquifer, circumference, confer, conifer, defer, differ, ferry, fertile, infer, Lucifer, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer, vociferous |
| ferv- | boil, glow | Latin | fervēre | ferment, fervent, fervid, fervor, perfervid |
| feroc- | fierce | Latin | ferōx, ferōcis | ferocity |
| ferr- | iron | Latin | ferrum | ferrous |
| fet- | stink | Latin | fētēre | fetid, fetor |
| fic- | fig | Latin | fīcus | Ficus, fig |
| fid-, fis- | faith, trust | Latin | fidēs "faith, trust", from fidere "to trust" | confidante, confidence, confident, diffident, faith, fealty, fidelity, fiduciary, infidel, perfidious, perfidy |
| fig-, fing-, fict- (FIG)[155] | to form, shape | Latin | fingere "to touch, handle; devise; fabricate, alter, change" | configure, disfigure, effigy, feign, fiction, fictitious, figment, figurine, nonfiction, transfigure |
| fil- | thread | Latin | fīlum | defile, filament, file, filigree, fillet, profile |
| fili- | son | Latin | filius | affiliation |
| fin- | end | Latin | fīnis | affinity, confine, define, final, finale, finance, fine, finish, finite, infinite, refine |
| find-, fiss- (FID)[156] | cleave, split | Latin | findere, fissus | fission, fissure |
| firm- | firm, strong | Latin | firmus, firmāre | affirm, confirm, confirmation, firm, firmament, infirm |
| fistul- | hollow, tube | Latin | fistula | fistula |
| fix- | attach | Latin | fīxāre, frequentative of fīgere | affix, fix, fixation, fixture, prefix, suffix, transfix |
| fl-, fla- (FLA)[157] | blow | Latin | flāre, flātus | afflatus, conflate, deflate, flatulence, flatus, flavor, flute, inflate, insufflation, soufflé, sufflate |
| flacc- | flabby | Latin | flaccus, flaccere | flaccid |
| flav- | yellow | Latin | flāvus | flavonoid |
| flect-, flex- | bend | Latin | flectere, flexus | circumflex, deflect, flex, flexible, flexile, flexion, flexor, genuflection, inflect, inflection, reflect, reflection, reflex |
| flig-, flict- | strike | Latin | flīgere, -flīctus | afflict, conflict, inflict, profligacy, profligate |
| flor- | flower | Latin | flōs, flōris | floral, florid |
| flu-, fluv-, flux- | flow | Latin | fluere, fluxus | affluent, confluence, effluent, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, fluidity, flush, fluvial, flux, influence, influx, superfluous |
| foc- | hearth | Latin | focus | bifocal, focal, focus |
| fod-, foss- | dig | Latin | fodere, fossus | fossil |
| foen- | hay | Latin | foenum | Foeniculum |
| foli- | leaf | Latin | folium | defoliant |
| font- | spring | Latin | fōns, fontis | font, fontal, fontanelle |
| for- | bore, drill | Latin | forāre, forātus | foralite, foramen, foraminifer, perforation |
| form- | shape | Latin | fōrma | conform, deform, form, formal, formation, formula, formulate, inform, perform, reform, uniform |
| formic- | ant | Latin | formīca | formaldehyde, formic acid |
| fornic- | vault | Latin | fornix, fornicis | fornication |
| fort- | strong | Latin | fortis | force, fort, forte, fortify, fortitude, fortress |
| fove- | shallow round depression | Latin | fovea | fovea |
| frag-, frang-, -fring-, fract- | break | Latin | frangere, frāctus | defray, diffract, fractal, fraction, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragment, frangible, fray, infraction, infringe, refract, refractory, refrain |
| frater-, fratr- | brother | Latin | frāter | fraternal, fraternity |
| fric-, frict- | rub | Latin | fricāre, frictus | dentifrice, friction |
| frig- | cold | Latin | frīgere | frigid, frigorific |
| front- | forehead | Latin | frōns, frontis | confront, frontage, frontal |
| fruct-, frug- | fruit | Latin | frūx, frūgis; frū̆ctus | fructose, frugivorous |
| fug-, fugit- | flee | Latin | fugere | centrifuge, fugacious, fugitive, refuge |
| fum- | smoke | Latin | fūmus | fume, fumigation |
| fund- | bottom | Latin | fundāre "to found", from fundus "bottom, foundation" | found, founder, foundation, fund, fundament, fundamental, fundamentalism, profound, profundity |
| fund-, fus- | pour | Latin | fundere, fūsus | confound, diffusion, effusion, effusive, found, fusion, infusion, perfusion, profuse, profusion, refund, suffusion, transfusion |
| fulmin-, fulgur- | flash | Latin | fulmen "lightning flash" | fulminant, fulminate, fulmination, fulgurite |
| fung-, funct- | do | Latin | fungī, fūnctus | function, fungibility |
| fur-, furt- | thief, steal | Latin | fūr (genitive fūris) "thief", fūrāre | ferret, furtive |
| furc- | fork | Latin | furca | bifurcation |
| fusc- | dark | Latin | fuscus | fuscous, infuscate, infuscation, obfuscate, obfuscation |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| galact-[158] (ΓΛΑΚ)[159] | milk | Greek | γάλα, γάλακτος (gála, gálaktos) | galactagogue, galactic, galactorrhea, lactose, polygala, polygalactia, galaxy |
| gam-[160] | marriage, wedding | Greek | γάμος (gámos), γαμεῖν (gameîn), γαμέτης (gamétēs), γαμετή (gametḗ) | agamic, agamogenesis, agamospermy, agamy, allogamy, anisogamete, anisogamy, apogamy, autogamy, cleistogamous, cleistogamy, cryptogam, deuterogamist, deuterogamy, digamous, digamy, endogamous, endogamy, exogamous, exogamy, gamete, gametic, gametocyte, gametogenesis, gametophyte, geitonogamy, heterogametic, heterogamous, heterogamy, homogametic, karyogamy, misogamy, monogamous, monogamy, oogamy, planogamete, plasmogamy, polygamist, polygamy |
| gamb- | leg | Latin | gamba | gam, gambit, gambol, gammon |
| gamm-[161] | G, g | Greek | Γ, γ, γάμμα (gámma) | gamma |
| gar- (GAR)[162] | chatter | Latin | garrire | gargantuan, gargle, gargoyle, garrulous, jargon |
| gargal- | tickle | Greek | γαργαλίζειν (gargalízein), γαργαλιζόμενον (gargalizómenon), γαργαλισμός (gargalismós) | gargalesis, gargalesthesia, hypergargalesthesia |
| gargar- | gargle | Greek | γαργαρίζειν (gargarízein), γαργαρισμός (gargarismós), γαργαρεών | gargarize |
| gastr-[163] | stomach | Greek | γαστήρ, γαστρός (gastḗr, gastrós) | epigastric, epigastrium, gasteroid, gastric, gastrin, gastritis, gastroenterologist, gastroenterology, gastrolith, gastronomic, gastronomy, gastroparesis, gastropod, gastroptosis, gastroschisis, gastrotrich, mesogastric, Myxogastria |
| ge-, geo-[164] | earth | Greek | γῆ (gê), γαῖα, γαίας (gaîa, gaías), γεω- (geō-) | apogee, biogeography, epigeous, Gaia, geocentric, geocentrism, geode, geodesy, geodetic, geography, geoid, geology, geomancy, geometry, geomorphology, geophysicist, geophysics, georgic, Georgics, geosphere, geostatic, geostrophic, geosynchronous, geosyncline, hypogeous, hypogeum, Pangea, perigee |
| geiton-[165] | neighbor | Greek | γείτων, γείτονος (geítōn, geítonos), γειτόνημα | geitonogamy |
| gel- | icy cold | Latin | gelum | congeal, congelation, gel, gelati, gelatin, gelatinous, gelation, gelato, gelée, gelid, gelifluction, gelignite, jellification, jelly |
| gen-, gon-[166] (ΓΕΝ)[167] | birth, beget, race, kind | Greek | γίγνεσθαι (gígnesthai), and related γένος (génos), γενετικός (genetikós), γένεσις (génesis); see also γενεά (geneá) | allergen, anagenesis, antigen, autogenesis, autogenous, biogenesis, dysgenic, endogen, endogenous, epigene, epigenesis, epigenetics, epigone, erogenous, Eugene, eugenic, eugenics, exogenous, gametogenesis, gene, genealogy, genesis, genetic, genocide, genotype, genophobia, gonad, heterogeneous, homogenesis, homogenetic, homogeneous, hydrogen, hypogene, hypogenesis, hypogenic, hypogenous, monogenic, oogenesis, paragenesis, pathogen, polygenous, progenesis, pseudogene, spermatogenesis |
| gen- (GEN)[168] | beget | Latin | gignere, genitus, genus (genitive generis), see also generare | congenial, engender, gender, generate, generation, genial, genius, genital, genitive, genteel, gentle, genuine, genus, indigenous, ingenious, ingenuous, primogenitor, progeny |
| gephyr-[169] | bridge | Greek | γέφυρα (géphura), γεφυρόω | gephyrophobia |
| ger-[170] | old | Greek | γέρων, γέροντος (gérōn, gérontos) "old man", γηράσκω "grow old" | erigeron, gerascophobia, geriatric, geriatrics, gerontocracy, gerontology, gerontophile, gerontophilia, gerontophobia, gerontoplast, gerousia, progeria, progeroid |
| ger-, gest- (GES)[171] | bear, carry | Latin | gerere, gestus | agger, congest, digest, gerundive, gestation, register, suggest, vicegerent |
| geran-[172] | crane | Greek | γέρανος (géranos), γεράνιον (geránion), γερανώδης | Geranium |
| germ- | sprout | Latin | germen, germinis | germ, German, germane, germicide, germinal, germinate, germination, nongermane, regerminate |
| geu-[173] (ΓΕΥΣ)[174] | taste | Greek | γεύειν (geúein), γεύεσθαι (geúesthai), γεῦσις, γευόμενον | ageusia, dysgeusia, hypergeusia, hypogeusia, parageusia |
| glabr- | hairless | Latin | glaber | glabella, glabellar, glabrate, glabrescent, glabrous |
| glaci- | ice | Latin | glacies | glacé, glacial, glaciation, glacier, glacious, glacis, glance |
| gladi- | sword | Latin | gladius | gladiator, gladiolus |
| glauc-[175] | gray | Greek | γλαυκός (glaukós), γλαυκότης, γλαύξ, γλαῦκος | glaucophane, Glaucopsyche, glaucophobia |
| glia-[176] | glue | Greek | γλία (glía) | glial, glioblastoma, glioma, gliosis, microglia, neuroglia |
| glob- | sphere | Latin | globus | global, globate, globe, globose, globosity, globular, globule, globulin, inglobate |
| glori- | glory | Latin | gloria | gloriation, glorification, glorify, gloriole, glorious, glory, inglorious, vainglorious, vainglory |
| gloss-, glot-[177] | tongue | Greek | γλῶσσα (glôssa), γλωττίς (glōttís) | aglossia, anthropoglot, aryepiglottic, diglossia, epiglottis, gloss, glossary, glossophobia, glottis, heterogloss, heteroglossia, idioglossia, isogloss, monoglot, monoglottism, polyglot, polyglottism |
| glut-[178] | rump | Greek | γλουτός (gloutós) | gluteus |
| glutin- | glue | Latin | gluten, glutinis | agglutinant, agglutinate, agglutination, agglutinative, glue, glutelin, gluten, glutinosity, glutinous, nonagglutinative |
| glyc-[179] | sweet | Greek | γλυκύς (glukús) | glycogen, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycolipid, glycophyte, glycoprotein, glycoside, glycosidic, hypoglycaemia |
| glyph-[180] | carve | Greek | γλύφειν (glúphein), γλυφή (gluphḗ), γλυπτός (gluptós), γλυπτικός (gluptikós) | aglyphous, anaglyph, ditriglyph, ditriglyphic, glyph, glyptic, Glyptodon, glyptograph, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, monotriglyph, opisthoglyphous, petroglyph, proteroglyphous, solenoglyphous |
| gnath-[181] | jaw | Greek | γνάθος (gnáthos), γναθμός | Agnatha, agnathous, chilognath, compsognathus, endognathion, epignathous, exognathion, gnathic, gnathophyma, hypognathous, hystricognath, mesognathion, mesognathous, prognathism |
| gno-[182] (ΓΝΩ)[183] | know | Greek | γιγνώσκειν (gignṓskein), γνῶναι, γνωτός (gnônai, gnōtós), γνωστός (gnōstós), γνωστικός (gnōstikós), γνῶσις (gnôsis), γνῶσμα, γνώμη (gnôsma, gnṓmē), γνώμων (gnṓmōn) | agnosia, agnostic, agnosticism, anagnorisis, diagnosis, dysanagnosia, gnomic, gnomon, gnomonic, gnosia, gnosis, Gnostic, gnosticism, pathognomonic, physiognomy, prognosis, telegnosis |
| gnosc-, -gnit- | know | Latin | gnoscere | acquaint, acquaintance, agnition, agnize, cognition, cognitional, cognitive, cognitivity, cognizable, cognizance, cognizant, cognize, cognoscence, cognoscenti, cognoscible, cognovit, connoisseur, ennoble, ennoblement, ignoble, ignorant, ignoscible, incognito, nobiliary, nobilitate, nobilitation, nobility, noble, note, notice, noticeable, notion, notional, notionality, notoriety, notorious, precognition, quaint, reacquaint, recognition, recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, reconnoitre |
| gon-[184] | corner, angle, knee | Greek | γωνία (gōnía), γόνυ (gónu) | goniometer, gonion, gonioscope, gonitis, gonyaulax, gonycampsis, hexagon, pentagon, polygon, trigon, trigonometry |
| grad-, gred-, gress- (GRAD)[185] | walk, step, go | Latin | gradi, gressus "to step", from gradus "step" | aggradation, aggression, antegrade, anterograde, centigrade, degrade, degree, egress, gradation, grade, gradient, gradine, gradual, graduality, graduate, graduation, gree, ingress, multigrade, nongraduate, postgraduate, progradation, prograde, progress, regress, retrogradation, retrograde, saltigrade, tardigrade, transgress |
| gramm- | letter, writing | Greek | γράφειν (gráphein), γράμμα, γράμματος (grámma, grámmatos), γραμματικός (grammatikós) | anagram, anagrammatic, diagram, diagrammatic, engram, epigram, epigrammatic, grammar, grammatic, grammaticist, hologram, lipogram, monogram, pangrammatic, pentagram, program, programmatic, telegram, telegramme, tetragram, tetragrammaton, trigram |
| gran- | grain | Latin | grānum | degranulation, engrain, filigree, garner, garnet, grain, granary, grange, granger, granite, granivore, granivorous, granivory, granola, granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granule, grenade, grogram, grosgrain, ingrain, multigrain, pomegranate |
| grand- | grand | Latin | grandis | aggrandisement, grandee, grandeur, grandific, grandiloquent, grandiloquous, grandiose, grandiosity, grandioso, grandity |
| graph-[186] | draw, write | Greek | γράφειν (gráphein), γραφικός (graphikós), γραφή (graphḗ), γραφία (graphía), γραφεῖον (grapheîon) | allograft, anepigraphic, autograft, autograph, digraph, epigraphic, epigraphy, graft, graph, grapheme, graphemics, graphene, graphic, graphite, graphology, graphomania, graphospasm, heterograph, hexagraph, holography, homograph, isograft, logographic, micrograph, monograph, orthography, paragraph, photograph, photographic, photomicrograph, polygraph, pseudepigraphy, syngraft, telegraph, telegraphy, tetragraph, trigraph |
| grat- | thank, please | Latin | grātus, see also gratia | aggrace, agree, agreeable, agreeance, agreement, congratulant, congratulate, congratulatory, congree, disagree, disagreeable, disagreement, disgrace, grace, graciosity, gracioso, gracious, gratification, gratify, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity, gratulant, gratulate, gratulation, gratulatory, grazioso, gree, ingrate, ingratiate, ingratiation, ingratitude, maugre, noncongratulatory, nongratuitous |
| grav- | heavy | Latin | gravis | aggravate, aggravation, aggravative, aggravator, aggrieve, aggrievement, degravation, gravamen, grave, gravid, gravida, gravidity, gravitas, gravitate, gravitation, gravitational, gravity, grief, grieve, grievance, grievant, grievous, ingravescence, ingravescent, multigravida, multigravidity, nongravitational, nulligravida, primigravida, reaggravate, supergravity |
| greg- | flock, herd | Latin | grex, gregis | aggregate, aggregation, aggregator, congregant, congregate, congregation, congregational, desegregate, desegregation, disaggregate, disgregate, disgregation, egregious, gregarian, gregarine, gregarious, intercongregational, segregate, segregation |
| gryp-[187] | hooked | Greek | γρυπός (grupós), γρυπότης, γρύπωσις (grupótēs, grúpōsis) | arthrogryposis, Grypoceras, Gryposaurus |
| gubern- | govern, pilot | Latin | gubernare | gubernatorial |
| gust- | taste | Latin | gustus | disgust, gustatory, gusto, gustoso |
| gutt- | drop | Latin | gutta | gout, gutta, guttate, guttifer, guttiform |
| guttur- | throat | Latin | guttur | goitre, guttural |
| gymn-[188] | nude | Greek | γυμνός (gumnós) | gymnasium, gymnast, gymnastics, gymnophobia, gymnoplast, gymnosophist, gymnosperm, gymnospore |
| gyn-, gynaec-[189] | woman | Greek | γυνή, γυναικός, (gunḗ, gunaikós) | acrogynous, androgyne, androgynous, androgyny, epigyne, epigynous, epigynum, gymnogynous, gynaeceum, gynaecocracy, gynarchy, gyne, gynecocracy, gynecology, gynecomastia, gynodioecious, gynoecium, gynoid, gynophobia, heterogynous, hypogynous, misogynist, monogyny, oligogyny, philogyny, polygynist, polygyny |
| gyr-[190] | ring | Greek | γῦρος (gûros), γυρός (gurós) | agyria, autogyro, gyre, gyrectomy, gyrencephalic, gyrodyne, gyroid, gyromagnetic, gyromancy, gyroscope, gyrosphere, gyrostat, gyrostatic gyrotropic, gyrus, microgyrus, micropolygyria, pachygyria, polygyria, polymicrogyria, ulegyria |
| gyrin- | tadpole | Greek | γυρός, γυρῖνος (gurós, gurînos), γυρινώδης (gurinṓdēs) | Gyrinophilus |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- | have | Latin | habere "to have", habitus "habit", habitare "to live (reside)" | ability, able, debenture, debile, debilitate, debility, debit, debitor, debt, debtor, devoir, disability, disable, disenable, disinhibit, disinhibition, due, duty, enable, enablement, endeavor, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habeas corpus, habendum, habenula, habile, habilitate, hability, habit, habitable, habitance, habitant, habitat, habitation, habitator, habitual, habituate, habituation, habitude, habitudinal, inability, indubitable, inhabile, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, inhabitation, inhibit, inhibition, inhibitory, nonhabitual, prebend, prebendary, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive, prohibitory, provender, rehabilitant, rehabilitate, rehabilitation, rehabilitative, rehabilitator |
| hadr-[1] | thick | Greek | ἁδρός (hadrós) | Hadrocodium, Hadromys, hadron, Hadropithecus, hadrosaur, hadrosaurid |
| haem-, hem-[2] | blood | Greek | αἷμα, αἵματος (haîma, haímatos) | anaemia, anemia, haematemesis, haematopoiesis, haematuria, haemochromatosis, haemophilia, haemophobia, haemoptysis, haemorrhage, haemorrhoid, haemosiderosis, haemostatic, hematocrit, hematogenesis, hematoma, hematophagous, hematophagy, hematopoiesis, hematopoietic, hematuria, hemocoel, hemocyte, hemoglobin, hemoglobinuria, hemophagy, hemophilia, hemophiliac, hemoptysis, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic, hemorrhea, hemorrhoid, hemorrhoidectomy, hemosiderin, hemosiderosis, hemostat, hemotherapy, hyperaemia, hyperemia, hyphaema, hyphema, methemoglobin, methemoglobinemia, microhematuria, microhemorrhage, polycythaemia |
| haere-[3] | choose, take | Greek | αἱρεῖν (haireîn), αἱρεῖσθαι (haireîsthai), αἱρετός (hairetós), αἱρετικός (hairetikós), αἵρεσις (haíresis) | aphaeresis, diaeresis, heresiarch, heresy, heretic, plasmapheresis, synaeresis, syneresis |
| hal-[4] | salt | Greek | ἅλς, ἁλός (háls,
halós), ἅλινος (hálinos) |
halide, halieutic, halite, halochromic, halochromism, halogen, halomancy, halophile, halophyte, oxohalide, thermohaline |
| hal-, -hel- | breathe | Latin | halare, halatus | anhelation, anhele, anhelous, exhalable, exhalant, exhalation, exhale, halitus, inhalable, inhalant, inhalation, inhale |
| hapl-[5] | simple, single | Greek | ἁπλοῦς (haploûs), ἅπλωσις (háplōsis), ἅπλωμα (háplōma) | haplochromine, haplodiploid, haplodiploidy, haplography, haploid, haplology, haplont, haplontic, haplophase, haplopia, haplosis, haplotype |
| haur-, haust- | draw | Latin | haurire, haustus | exhaust, exhaustible, exhaustion, exhaustive, hauriant, haurient, haustellate, haustellum, haustorium, haustrum, inexhaustible, nonexhaustive |
| heb- [6] | youth | Greek | ἥβη (hḗbē), ἡβητικός (hēbētikós), ἔφηβος (éphēbos), ἡβᾶν (hēbân), ἡβάσκω, ἡβητής (hēbētḗs) | ephebeum, ephebia, ephebiatrics, ephebic, ephebiphobia, ephebophilia, ephebos, hebephilia, hebephobia, hebephrenia, hebetic, hebiatrics, hebophile, hebophilia |
| hed-[7] (ΕΔ) | sit | Greek | ἕδος, ἕδεος (hédos, hédeos), ἕδρα (hédra), ἕζεσθαι (hézesthai) | cathedra, chair, dodecahedron, dodecahemidodecahedron, endohedric, ephedra, exedra, hemipolyhedron, hexahedron, octahedron, pentahedroid, pentahedron, polyhedron, pyritohedron, rhombohedron, sanhedrin, synedrion, tetrahedroid, trapezohedron, trisoctahedron |
| hed-[8] | pleasant, sweet | Greek | ἥδεσθαι, ἡδόμενον, ἡδύς (hēdómenon, hēdús), ἡδύτης, σϝηδύς, ἡδονή (hēdonḗ) | anhedonia, anhedonic, hedonics, hedonism, hedonist, hedonistic, hedonology, hyphedonia |
| heg-[9] | lead | Greek | ἄγω, ἡγεῖσθαι (hēgeîsthai), ἡγούμενος (hēgoúmenos), ἡγεμών (hēgemṓn), ἡγεμονία, ἡγεμονικός | diegesis, diegetic, eisegesis, exegesis, exegete, exegetic, hegemon, hegemonic, hegemony, hegumen, hypodiegetic, metadiegetic, protohegumen |
| heli-[10] | sun | Greek | ἥλιος (hḗlios) | aphelion, heliocentric, heliocentrism, heliodor, heliograph, heliolatry, heliomania, heliometer, heliopause, Heliophila, heliophobia, heliophyte, Helios, helioscope, heliosphere, heliostat, heliotherapy, heliotrope, heliotropic, heliotropism, helium, parhelion, perihelion |
| helic-[11] | something twisted or spiral | Greek | ϝελίσσω, ἑλίσσειν (helíssein), ἕλιξ, ἕλικος (hélix, hélikos), ἕλιξις, ἕλιγμα (hélixis, héligma), (helikoeidḗs) | anthelix, antihelix, helicine, helicograph, helicoid, helicopter, helicospore, helix |
| Hell-[12] | Greece, Hellas | Greek | Ἑλλάς, ἑλλάδος (Hellás, helládos) | Helladic, Hellenic, Hellenism, Hellenistic |
| helminth-[13] | worm | Greek | ἕλμινς, ἕλμινθος (hélmins, hélminthos) | anthelmintic, antihelminthic, helminth, helminthic, helminthoid |
| helot-[14] | enslaved | Greek | Εἵλως, Εἵλωτος, Εἱλώτης | Helot, helotism, helotry |
| hemer-[15] | day | Greek | ἡμέρα (hēméra) | Decameron, ephemeral, ephemeris, ephemeron, ephemerous, hemeralopia |
| hemer-[16] | tame | Greek | ἥμερος (hḗmeros), ἡμερότης (hēmerótēs) | hemeroby, hemerochora, hemerophile |
| hemi- | half | Greek | ἥμισυς (hḗmisus) | anhemitonic, hemiballismus, hemicryptophyte, hemicube, hemicycle, hemidesmosome, hemimelia, hemimetabolic, hemimetabolism, hemimetaboly, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, hemipolyhedron, hemisphere, hemitonic |
| hen- | one | Greek | ἕν (hén), ἑνάς, ἑνάδος (henás, henádos), ἕνωσις (hénōsis) | enosis, enotikon, henad, hendiadys, henotheism, hyphen |
| hendec-[17] | eleven | Greek | ἕνδεκα (héndeka) | hendecagon, hendecagram, hendecagrammic, hendecane, hendecasyllabic, hendecasyllable hendecahedron |
| hepat-[18] | liver | Greek | ἧπαρ, ἥπατος (hêpar, hḗpatos), ἡπατικός (hēpatikós) | heparin, hepatic, hepatitis, hepatocyte, hepatology, hepatomancy, hepatoscopy, hepatotoxic, hepatotoxin, hepatotropic |
| hept-[19] | seven | Greek | ἑπτά (heptá) | heptachord, heptagon, heptagram, heptagraph, heptahedron, heptamer, heptameric, heptameter, Heptateuch, heptathlete, heptathlon, heptatonic, heptode |
| her-, heir- | heir | Latin | heres (genitive heredis) | heir, heiress, hereditary, heredity, heritage, inherit |
| here-, hes- | cling, stick | Latin | haerere, haesus | adhere, adherence, adherend, adherent, adhesion, adhesive, cohere, coherence, coherent, cohesion, cohesive, decoherence, hesitancy, hesitant, hesitate, hesitation, hesitator, incoherent, inhere, inherency, inherent, inhesion, nonadherence, nonadherent, nonadhesive |
| herald- | messenger, envoy | Latin | heraldus | herald, heraldic, heraldry |
| herb- | grass | Latin | herba | herbal, herbicide, herbivore |
| heres-, heret-[3] | choose, take | Greek | αἱρεῖν (haireîn) "to take, choose" | heresy, heretic, heretical |
| herm-[20] | Hermes | Greek | Ἑρμῆς (Hermês) | herm, hermaphrodite, hermetic |
| hermeneu-[21] | interpret, explain | Greek | ἑρμηνεύς (hermēneús), ἑρμηνεύω (hermēneúō), ἑρμηνευτικός (hermēneutikós), ἑρμήνευσις, ἑρμήνευμα | hermeneutic, hermeneutics |
| hero-[22] | hero | Greek | ἥρως, ἥρωος (hḗrōs, hḗrōos), ἡρωίνη (hērōínē), ἡρωϊκός (hērōïkós), ἡρωϊσμός (hērōïsmós) | antihero, hero, heroic, heroine, heroism |
| herp-[23] | creep | Greek | ἕρπειν (hérpein), ἕρπης, ἕρπητος (hérpēs, hérpētos) | herpes, herpetology |
| heter-[24] | different, other | Greek | ἕτερος (héteros) | heterochromatin, heterodox, heterodoxy, heterogeneity, heterogeneous, heterophobia, heterosexuality, heterosexual, heterosis, heterotic |
| heur-[25] | find | Greek | εὑρίσκειν (heurískein), εὕρηκα (heúrēka), εὕρημα (heúrēma) | eureka, heuristic, metaheuristic |
| hex-[26] | six | Greek | ἕξ (héx), ἑξάς, ἑξάδος (hexás, hexádos) | hexachord, hexad, hexadic, hexagon, hexagram, hexahedron, hexamer, hexamerous, hexameter, hexapod, hexastyle, hexasyllabic, Hexateuch, hexatonic, hexode, tetrahemihexahedron |
| hi- | gape | Latin | hiare | dehisce, dehiscence, dehiscent, hiatal, hiatus, indehiscence, indehiscent, inhiation |
| hibern- | wintry | Latin | hibernus | hibernacle, hibernaculum, hibernal, hibernate, hibernation, hibernator |
| hidrot-[27] | sweat | Greek | ἱδρώς, ἱδρῶτος (hidrṓs, hidrōtos), ἱδροῦν (hidroûn), ἵδρωσις (hídrōsis) | anhidrosis, dyshidrosis, dyshidrotic, hematidrosis, hidrocystoma, hidropoiesis, hidroschesis, hidrosis, hidrotic, hyperhidrosis, hypohidrosis |
| hiem- | winter | Latin | hiems | hiemal |
| hier-[28] | holy, sacred | Greek | ἱερός (hierós) | hierarch, hierarchy, hieratic, hierocracy, hierodeacon, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, hierogram, hierolatry, hieromonk, hierurgy |
| hipp-[29] | horse | Greek | ἵππος (híppos) | ephippium, hippeis, hippocampus, hippodrome, hippology, Hippolyte, hippomancy, hippophagy, hippophile, hippophobia, hippopotamus, parahippocampus |
| hirsut- | hairy | Latin | hirtus, hirsutus | hirsute, hirsutulous |
| hispid- | bristly | Latin | hispidus | hispidity, hispidulous |
| histri- | actor | Latin | histrio, histrionis | histrionic |
| hod-[30] | way | Greek | ὁδός (hodós) | anode, cathode, diode, electrode, episode, ergodic, exodos, exodus, heptode, herpolhode, hodograph, hodology, hodometer, hodonym, hodophobia, hodoscope, hydathode, method, methodic, Methodism, Methodist, methodology, octode, parodos, pentode, period, periodic, synod, tetrode, triode |
| hol-[31] | whole | Greek | ὅλος (hólos), ὁλικός (holikós) | catholic, holiatry, holism, holistic, holography, holomorphic, holonomy |
| hom-[32] | same | Greek | ὁμός (homós) | homiletic, homily, homogeneous, homograph, homologous, homology, homomorphism, homonym, homophobia, homophone, homosexual, homozygous |
| homal-[33] | even, flat | Greek | ὁμαλός (homalós) "even", from ὁμός (homós) "same" | anomalous, anomaly |
| homin- | human | Latin | homo, hominis | ad hominem, bonhomie, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homuncular, homunculus, human, humane, humanitarian, humanity, inhuman, inhumane, inhumanity, Nemo, nonhuman, omber, ombre, prehuman, subhuman, superhuman, transhuman |
| homoe-, home-[34] | like, similar | Greek | ὅμοιος (hómoios), ὁμοῖος, ὁμοιότης | homeomorphism, homeopathy, homeostasis, homeothermy, homoeopathy, homoiotherm, homoiothermic |
| honor- | esteem | Latin | honos, honoris | dishonor, dishonorable, honorable, honorand, honorarium, honorary, honoree, honorific |
| hor-[35] | boundary | Greek | ὅρος (hóros), ὁρίζειν (horízein) | aorist, aphorism, aphorismus, aphorize, diorite, horizon, horopter, horotelic |
| hor-[36] | hour | Greek | ὥρα (hṓra) | horologist, horology, horometry, horoscope |
| horm-[37] | that which excites | Greek | ὁρμᾶν, ὁρμεῖν (hormân, hormeîn), ὁρμή (hormḗ), ὅρμησις (hórmēsis), ὁρμῶν (hormôn) | horme, hormephobia, hormesis, hormetic, hormic, hormone |
| hort- | garden | Latin | hortus, horti | antecourt, cohort, cortege, court, courteous, courtesan, courtesy, courtier, curtain, curtilage, Curtis, discourteous, discourtesy, frontcourt, horticultural, horticulture |
| hospit- | host | Latin | hospes, hospitis | co-host, hospice, hospitable, hospital, hospitality, host, hostal, hostel, hosteler, hostler, hotel, hotelier, inhospitable, inhospitality |
| host- | enemy | Latin | hostis | host, hostile, hostility |
| hum- | ground | Latin | humus, humare | disinhume, exhumation, exhume, humate, humation, humble, humic, humicolous, humiliate, humiliation, humility, humus, inhumation, inhume |
| hyal-[38] | glass | Greek | ὕαλος (húalos) | hyaline, hyaloid |
| hybr-[39] | wantonness | Greek | ὕβρις (húbris), ὑβρίζω, ὕβριστος, ὑβριστικός (hubrízō, húbristos, hubristikós), ὑβρισμός, ὕβρισμα, ὑβριστής | hubris, hubristic, hybris, hybristic |
| hydn-[40] | truffle | Greek | ὕδνον (húdnon) | hydnoid, Hydnum |
| hydr-[41] | water | Greek | ὕδωρ, ὕδατος (húdōr, húdatos), ὕδρα (húdra) | clepsydra, dehydrate, hydathode, hydatid, hydatidosis, hydra, hydrant, hydrate, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrochloric, hydrodynamics, hydroelectric, hydrogen, hydrologist, hydrology, hydrolysis, hydromancy, hydrophile, hydrophilic, hydrophily, hydrophobia, hydrophobic, hydroponic, hydrosphere, hydrostat, hydrostatic, hydrothermic, hydrous, hydrozoa, polyhydric |
| hygie-[42] | healthy | Greek | ὑγιής (hugiḗs), ὑγίεια (hugíeia), ὑγιεινός (hugieinós), ὑγιάζειν | Hygieia, hygiene, hygienic, hygienics, hygienist |
| hygr-[43] | wet | Greek | ὑγρός (hugrós) | hygric, hygroma, hygrometer |
| hymen-[44] | skin or membrane | Greek | ὑμήν, ὑμένος (humḗn, huménos) | hymen, hymenium, hymenomycete, hymenophore, hymenoplasty, Hymenoptera, hymenorrhaphy, hymenotomy |
| hyo- | U-shaped | Greek | ὑοειδής (huoeidḗs) | hyoid, hyostyly |
| hyp-, hypo-[45] | under , below | Greek | ὑπό (hupó) | hyphen, hypoallergenic, hypodermic, hypogene, hypothermia, hypotonic, hypoxemia, hypoxia |
| hyper-[46] | above, over | Greek | ὑπέρ (hupér) | hyper, hyperbaric, hyperbola, hyperbole, Hyperion, hyperlink, hyperoxia, hyperpyrexia, hyperthermia, hypertonic |
| hyph-[47] | weave | Greek | ὑφαίνειν (huphaínein), ὕφασμα, ὑφή (huphḗ) "web" | hypha, hyphomycete, hyphopodium |
| hypn-[48] | sleep | Greek | ὕπνος (húpnos) | hypnagogia, hypnagogic, hypnolepsy, hypnophobia, hypnopompia, hypnopompic, hypnosis, hypnotherapy, hypnotic, hypnotist, hypnotize |
| hyps- | height | Greek | ὕψι, ὕψιστος, ὕψος (húpsos), ὑψοῦ, ὑψόθεν | hypsography, hypsometer, hypsophobia |
| hys-[49] | hog | Greek | ὗς (hûs), ὕαινα (húaina) | hyena, hyenoid |
| hyster-[50] | womb | Greek | ὑστέρα (hustéra) | hysteralgia, hysteratresia, hysterectomy, hysteria, hysteric, hysterosalpingography |
| hyster-[51] | later | Greek | ὑστερεῖν (hustereîn), ὕστερος (hústeros), ὑστέρησις (hustérēsis), ὑστέρημα (hustérēma) | hysteresis, hysteretic, hysteron proteron |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| i-[52] | go | Greek | ἰέναι (iénai), ἴμμεναι, ἰόν, ἰών (ímmenai, ión, iṓn) | anion, anionic, cation, cationic, ion, ionic, ionize, polyanion, polycation |
| iatr-[53] | heal | Greek | ἰᾶσθαι (iâsthai), ἰατρός (iatrós), ἰατρικός (iatrikós), ἰατρεύειν (iatreúein), ἰατρεία (iatreía), ἴασις, ἴαμα | iatrogenic, physiatry, podiatrist, podiatry, psychiatrist, psychiatry |
| ichthy-[54] | fish | Greek | ἰχθύς, ἰχθύος (ikhthús, ikhthúos) | ichthyology, Ichthyophaga, ichthyophobia, ichthyoplankton, ichthyosis |
| icos-[55] | twenty | Greek | ϝεικοσι, εἴκοσι (eíkosi), εἰκοσάς, εἰκοσάκις "twenty times" | hemi-icosahedron, icosagon, icosahedron |
| icter-[56] | jaundice | Greek | ἴκτερος (íkteros), ἰκτερικός (ikterikós), ἰκτεριάω | icteric, icterogenic, icterohemorrhagic, icterohepatitis, icteroid, icterus |
| id- (ϜΙΔ) | shape, form, picture | Greek | εἶδειν (eîdein), εἶδος (eîdos) | eidetic, eidolon, eidos, idol, idolater, idolatry, idyll, idyllic, idyllist, pareidolia |
| ide-[57] | idea, thought | Greek | ἰδεῖν (ideîn), ἰδέα (idéa) | ideogram, ideologue, ideology |
| idi-[58] | own, peculiarity | Greek | ϝίδιος, ἴδιος (ídios), "private, personal, one's own" | idiolect, idiom, idiopathic, idiopathy, idiophone, idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic, idiot, idiotic |
| ign- | fire | Latin | ignis | igneous, ignite, ignition |
| ignorare- | "not to know, to be unacquainted; mistake, misunderstand | Latin | ignotus | ignore, ignorant, ignorance, ignoramous[59] |
| imagin- | copy | Latin | imāgō, imāginis | image, imagine |
| imbr- | heavy rain | Latin | imber, imbris | ignimbrite, imbrex, imbricate, imbrication, imbriferous |
| in-[60] | sinew | Greek | ἴς, ἰνός (ís, inós), ἰνίον (iníon) | inion, inotrope, inotropic |
| in- (1), il-, im- | in, on | Latin | in | illuminate, import, incur, intend, invite |
| in- (2), il-, im-, ir- | not, un- (negation) | Latin | in- | illicit, impossible, inimical, insane, irrational |
| inan- | empty, vain | Latin | inanitio "emptiness" and inanitas "worthlessness", from inanire "to empty", from inanis "empty, void, worthless" | inane, inanition, inanity |
| infra- | below, under | Latin | infra | infrared, infrastructure |
| insul- | island | Latin | insula | insular, insulation |
| integr- | whole, complete | Latin | in-, teg- | integrate, integration, integer, integrational, disintegrate, integral, unintegrated |
| inter- | among, between | Latin | inter (preposition) | intercollegiate, intermission, intersection |
| intra- | inside , within | Latin | intra | intramural, intravenous |
| iota- | I, i | Greek | iota | iotacism |
| irasc-, irat- | be angry | Latin | irasci "grow angry", from ira "anger" | irascible, irate, ire |
| irid- | rainbow | Latin | iris | iridescent |
| is-, iso-[61] | equal, same | Greek | ϝίσϝος (wíswos), ἴσος (ísos) | isogloss, isograph, isometric, isomorphic, isosceles, isotonic, isotropic |
| -itis | inflammation | Greek | -ῖτις | tonsillitis |
| ischi-[62] | hip joint | Greek | ἰσχίον (iskhíon), ἰσχιαδικός (iskhiadikós) | ischiadic, ischium, sciatic, sciatica |
| iter- | again | Latin | iterum, iterare | iteration |
| itiner- | journey | Latin | iter, itineris | itinerary |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| jac- | lie | Latin | jaceo "to be thrown" | adjacency, adjacent, circumjacency, circumjacent, ease, easy, interjacent, interjoist, joist, nonadjacent, subjacent, superjacent |
| jac-, -ject- | cast, throw | Latin | jacio (also spelled iacio), iectus | abject, adjectival, adjective, conjectural, conjecture, deject, dejection, disject, disjection, ejaculate, ejaculation, ejaculatory, eject, ejecta, ejection, ejective, ejectment, ejector, inject, injection, injective, injector, interject, interjection, interjectional, interjector, interjectory, introject, introjection, introjective, jactation, jactitation, jaculate, jaculation, jaculator, jaculatory, jaculiferous, jet, jetsam, jettison, nonobjective, object, objectification, objection, objectionable, objective, objectivity, objector, parget, project, projectile, projection, projective, projector, reject, rejectamenta, rejection, subject, subjection, subjective, subjectivity, subjicible, surjection, surjective, traject, trajectile, trajection, trajectory, trijet |
| janu- | door | Latin | janua | janitor, January |
| joc- | jest | Latin | jocus (also spelled iocus) | jewel, jewelry, jocose, jocosity, jocular, jocularity, joke, jongleur, juggle |
| judic- | judge | Latin | iudex, iūdicis | adjudicate, adjudication, adjudicative, adjudicator, adjudicatory, extrajudicial, injudicious, judge, judgement, judgment, judgmental, judicable, judicative, judicator, judicatory, judicature, judicial, judiciary, judicious, nonjudgmental, nonjudicial, prejudge, prejudgment, prejudice, prejudicial, quasijudicial |
| jug- | yoke | Latin | jugo, jugum | conjugal, subjugate |
| jung-, junct- | join | Latin | iungo, junctus | adjoin, adjoint, adjunct, adjunction, adjunctive, conjoin, conjoint, conjunct, conjunction, conjunctive, disjoin, disjoint, disjunct, disjunction, disjunctive, enjoin, enjoinder, enjoinment, injunction, injunctive, join, junction, juncture, junta, junto, nondisjunction, nonjoinder, rejoin, rejoinder, sejoin, sejungible, subjoin, subjoinder, subjunctive, surrejoinder |
| junior- | younger | Latin | junior | junior, juniority |
| jus-, jur- | law, justice | Latin | ius, iuris | abjure, jurisprudence, jury, just, justice, objurgate, perjury |
| juv-, jut- | help | Latin | juvo, jutus | adjument, adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, coadjutant, coadjutor, injucundity, jocund, jocundity |
| juven- | young, youth | Latin | juvenis | juvenile, rejuvenate |
| juxta- | beside, near | Latin | juxta | juxtaposition |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -kary- | nucleus | Greek | καρυον (karyon) | Eukaryote, Prokaryote |
| kastan- | brown | Greek | καφέ (kafé) | Kastanophobia |
| kilo- | thousand | Greek | χίλιοι (khílioi) | kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer, kiloliter |
| kine-, cine- | movement, motion | Greek | κινεῖν (kineîn), κίνησις (kínēsis), κίνημα (kínēma) | akinesia, akinesis, akinete, akinetic, cinema, cinematic, diakinesis, dyskinesia, dyskinetic, hyperkinesia, hyperkinesis, hyperkinetic, hypokinesia, hypokinesis, hypokinetic, kinematics, kinescope, kinesiologist, kinesiology, kinesis, kinesthetic, kinetic, kineticism, kinetics, kinetochore, kinetophobia, photokinesis, telekinesis |
| klept- | steal | Greek | κλέπτειν (kléptein), κλέπτης (kléptēs) | kleptocracy, kleptomania, kleptophobia, kleptoplasty |
| ktet- | possession, ownership | Greek | κτητικός (ktētikós), κτήτωρ (ktḗtōr) | ktetic, ktetor |
| kudo- | glory | Greek | κῦδος (kûdos) | kudos |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lab-, lep-[63] | grasp, seize, take | Greek | λαμβάνειν (lambánein), λῆψις (lêpsis), λῆμμα (lêmma) | analemma, analemmatic, analeptic, catalepsy, cataleptic, dilemma, dilemmatic, epilepsy, epileptic, hypnolepsy, hysteroepilepsy, metalepsis, narcolepsy, nympholepsy, octosyllabic, procatalepsis, prolepsis, proleptic, proslepsis, syllabic, syllabism, syllable, syllabogram, syllepsis, trisyllabic, trisyllable |
| lab-, laps- | slide, slip | Latin | labi, lapsus | collapse, collapsible, elapse, labile, lapse, prolapse, relapse |
| labi- | lip | Latin | labia, labiae | bilabial, bilabiate, infralabial, labial, labiate, labium, sublabial, supralabial |
| labor- | work | Latin | labor | collaborate, collaboration, collaborative, collaborator, elaborate, elaboration, elaborative, elaborator, labor, laboratory, laborious |
| lacer- | tear | Latin | lacer | laceration |
| lacrim- | cry, tears | Latin | lacrima | lachrymal, lachrymose, lachrymosity, lacrimal, lacrimation, lacrimator, lacrimatory, lacrimous |
| lact- | milk | Latin | lac, lactis, lactare | ablactate, ablactation, lactary, lactase, lactate, lactation, lactational, lacteal, lacteous, lactescent, lactic, lactose, laitance, latte |
| lag- | hare | Greek | λαγός (lagós) | lagomorph, Sylvilagus |
| lamin- | layer, slice | Latin | lāmina | bilamellate, bilaminar, lame, lamé, lamella, lamellar, lamellate, laminate, lamination, laminose, laminous, multilaminar, omelet, omelette, trilaminar, unilaminar |
| lamp-[64] | shine, torch | Greek | λάμπειν (lámpein), λαμπάς (lampás) | lamp, lamprid, Lampris |
| lapid- | stone | Latin | lapis, lapidis | dilapidate, dilapidation, lapidarian, lapidary, lapidate, lapidation, lapidator, lapideous, lapidescence, lapidescent, lapidicolous, lapidification, lapillation, lapilli |
| larg- | large | Latin | largus | allargando, enlarge, enlargement, largamente, largando, large, largess, largesse, largition, largo |
| larv- | ghost, mask | Latin | larva | larva, larvae, larval |
| lat- | broad, wide | Latin | latus | laticlave, latifoliate, latifundium, latitude, latitudinal, latitudinarian, latitudinous |
| later- | side | Latin | latus, lateris | ambilateral, ambilaterality, bilateral, bilaterality, collateral, contralateral, equilateral, extralateral, inequilateral, ipsilateral, lateral, laterality, matrilateral, multilateral, nonlateral, patrilateral, plurilateral, quadrilateral, semilatus, septilateral, trilateral, unilateral |
| laud-, laus- | praise | Latin | laudare "to praise" | laud, laudable, laudanum, laudation, Lauds, summa cum laude |
| lav- | wash | Latin | lavare | launder, laundry, lava, lavation, lavatory, lave, lavender, lavish, lotion |
| lax- | not tense, slack | Latin | laxus, laxare | delay, disrelish, laches, lax, laxation, laxative, laxity, leasable, lease, relax, relaxant, relaxation, relay, release, relish, sublease |
| lecith-[65] | egg yolk | Greek | λέκιθος (lékithos) | lecithin |
| led-, les-, -lid-, -lis- | hurt, strike | Latin | laedere, laesus, -lidere | allision, collide, collision, elide, elidible, elision, illesive, lesion |
| leg- [66] | say | Greek | λέγειν (légein), λέγεσθαι (légesthai), λεκτός (lektós), λεκτικός (lektikós), λέξις (léxis), λεξικός (lexikós), λεξικόν (lexikón), λόγος (lógos), (logḗ), λεγόμενον (legómenon), λογεῖον | alexia, alexithymia, apologetic, apologia, apology, dialect, dialectic, dialectologist, dialectology, dialog, dialogue, dyslexia, dyslexic, dyslogia, dyslogism, ethnolect, legomenon, lexeme, lexicography, lexicology, lexicon, lexigram, lexis, logic, logion, logos, prolegomenon |
| leg-, lect- | choose, gather, read | Latin | legere | coil, colleague, collect, collectible, collection, collective, collector, college, collegial, collegiality, collegian, collegiate, collegium, counterintelligence, cull, deselect, diligence, diligent, elect, electability, electable, electee, election, elective, elector, electoral, electorate, eligibility, eligible, elite, illegibility, illegible, ineligibility, ineligible, intellect, intellection, intellectual, intellectuality, intelligence, intelligent, intelligentsia, intercollegiate, lectern, lectin, lection, lectionary, lector, lectorate, lecture, legend, legendary, legendry, legibility, legible, legion, legionary, legionnaire, legume, leguminous, lesson, neglect, negligee, negligence, negligent, negligible, nonelective, nonelite, nonnegligible, nonselective, postelection, predilect, predilection, preelection, prelect, prelection, prelector, preselect, recollect, recollection, reelect, reelection, religion, reselect, sacrilege, select, selectance, selectee, selection, selective, selectivity, selector, superselection, uniselector |
| leg- | law | Latin | lex, legis | allege, disloyal, disloyalty, extralegal, illegal, legal, legality, legific, legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legitim, legitimacy, legitimate, loyal, loyalty, nonlegal, privilege |
| leg- | send | Latin | legare (from legis) | allegation, delegable, delegacy, delegate, delegatee, delegation, delegator, delegatory, league, legacy, legatary, legate, legatee, legatine, legation, legato, nondelegate, relegate, relegation, superdelegate |
| lei-[67] | smooth | Greek | λεῖος (leîos) | leiomyoma |
| lekan-[68] | dish, pot | Greek | λεκάνη (lekánē) | lekane |
| leni- | gentle | Latin | lenis, lenire | leniency, lenient, leniment, lenis, lenition, lenitive, lenitude, lenity |
| leon- | lion | Latin | leo, leonis | dandelion, Leo, leonine, Leopold |
| lep-[69] | flake, peel, scale | Greek | λέπειν (lépein), λεπίς, λεπίδος (lepís, lepídos) | antilepton, lepidolite, Lepidoptera, Lepidorhombus, lepidote, lepidotrichia, leprosy |
| lepto-[70] | small, fine, thin | Greek | λεπτός (leptós) | leptocyte, leptogenesis, Leptomonas, lepton, leptophyllous |
| leuc-, leuk-[71] | white | Greek | λευκός (leukós) | aleukemia, aleukocytosis, leucism, leucocyte, leucopenia, leucoplast, leukemia, leukocytopenia, leukopenia, leucophore |
| lev- | lift, light, raise | Latin | levare "lighten, raise", from levis "light" (in weight) | alleviate, alleviation, bas-relief, counter-relief, deleverage, elevate, elevation, elevator, leaven, legerity, levade, Levant, levee, lever, leverage, leviable, levitate, levitation, levity, levy, relevé, relief, relieve, sublevation, superelevation |
| liber- | free | Latin | liber, liberare | deliver, deliverance, illiberal, illiberality, liberal, liberality, liberalize, liberate, liberation, liberator, libertarian, liberticide, libertinage, libertine, liberty, ultraliberal |
| libr- | book | Latin | liber, libri | interlibrary, libel, libellant, libellee, libellous, librarian, library, libretto |
| lig- | bind | Latin | ligare, ligatus | ligament, ligature |
| limac- | slug | Latin | limax, limacis | limacine, limacoid, limacon, Limax |
| limpa- | clear, water | Latin | limpa "water" | limpid, limpidity, lymph |
| line- | line | Latin | linea | align, alignment, ambilineal, ambilineality, bilinear, collinear, collinearity, collineation, curvilinear, curvilinearity, delineate, delineation, delineavit, line, linea, lineage, lineal, lineament, linear, linearity, lineate, lineation, matrilineal, multicollinearity, multilinear, nonalignment, noncollinear, nonlineal, nonlinear, nonlinearity, quasilinear, realign, realignment, rectilinear, rectilinearity, sesquilinear, sublineage, sublinear, supralinear, trilinear, unilinear |
| line- | smear, smudge | Latin | linere | delete, deletion, indelible, liniment |
| lingu- | language, tongue | Latin | lingua | bilingual, bilinguality, bilinguous, collingual, elinguation, interlanguage, language, ligula, ligular, ligule, lingua franca, lingual, linguiform, linguine, multilingual, prelingual, quadrilingual, sublingual, trilingual |
| linqu-, lict- | leave | Latin | linquere, lictus | relict, relinquish |
| lip-[72] | fat | Greek | λίπος (lípos) | lipolysis, lipophile, lipophilic, lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, synaloepha |
| liqu- | flow | Latin | liquere | deliquesce, liquefy, liqueur, liquid, liquor, prolix |
| lit-[73] | prayer, supplication | Greek | λιτή (litḗ), λιτανεία (litaneía) | litany |
| liter- | letter | Latin | littera | alliteration, alliterative, biliteral, biliterate, illiteracy, illiterate, literacy, literal, literary, literate, literati, literatim, literation, literator, literature, multiliteral, nonliteral, nonliterary, nonliterate, obliterate, obliteration, preliterate, quadriliteral, transliteracy, transliterate, transliteration, triliteral, uniliteral |
| lith-[74] | stone | Greek | λίθος (líthos) | aerolithology, endolith, endolithic, epilithic, lithagogue, lithic, lithography, lithology, lithophile, lithophone, lithophyte, lithosphere, lithotomy, megalith, Mesolithic, microlite, monolith, monolithic, Neolithic, Paleolithic, photolithography, phytolith |
| loc- | place | Latin | locus, locare | accouchement, allocate, bilocation, bilocular, cislocative, collocation, couch, couchant, dislocate, dislocation, interlocal, lieu, local, locale, locality, locate, location, locative, locator, locomotion, loculament, locular, locule, loculose, loculus, locus, milieu, multilocal, multilocation, multilocular, nonlocal, relocate, relocation, translocate, translocation, translocative, trilocular, unilocular |
| log-, -logy | word, reason, speech, thought | Greek | λόγος (lógos), λογία (logía) | analogy, anthology, apology, biology, dialogue doxology, ecology, epilogue, etymology, eulogy, geology, ideologue, logarithm, logic, logogram, logopaedics, logophile, logotherapy, meteorology, monologue, morphological, neologism, neurology, philology, prologue, psychology, tautology, terminology, theology, toxicology, trilogy, zoology |
| long- | long | Latin | longus | allonge, elongate, elongation, longa, longanimity, longe, longeron, longinquity, longitude, longitudinal, longum, lunge, lungo, oblong, prolong, prolongation, purloin |
| loqu-, locut- | speak | Latin | loqui | allocution, circumlocution, colloquial, colloquy, elocution, eloquent, eloquence, grandiloquent, interlocution, loquacious, loquacity, magniloquent, obloquy, soliloquy |
| luc- | bright, light | Latin | lūx (genitive lūcis), lucere | elucidate, elucidation, elucubrate, elucubration, lucent, lucid, lucidity, Lucifer (bearer of light), luciferase, luciferin, luciferous, lucifugal, lucubrate, lucubration, luculent, noctilucent, pellucid, pellucidity, relucent, semipellucid, translucency, translucent, translucid, translucidus |
| lud-, lus- | play | Latin | ludere, lusus | allude, collude, delude, elude, elusive, elusory, illude, illusion, ludicrous, lusory, prelude |
| lumin- | light | Latin | lumen, luminis, luminare | dislimn, enlumine, illuminable, illuminance, illuminant, illuminate, illuminati, illumination, illumine, intraluminal, limn, lumen, luminaire, luminal, luminance, luminant, luminaria, luminary, lumine, luminescence, luminescent, luminiferous, luminosity, luminous, relumine, subluminal, subluminous, superluminal, transluminal |
| lu-, luv-, lut- | wash | Latin | luere (see also diluere, fluere and pluere) | abluent, ablution, alluvium, colluvium, deluge, depollute, diluent, dilute, dilution, dilutive, diluvial, diluvian, diluvium, elute, elution, eluvial, elluviation, eluvium, illuviation, illuvium, lutaceous, lutite, pollution |
| lun- | moon | Latin | lūna | circumlunar, cislunar, demilune, luna, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lunation, lune, lunette, luniform, lunisolar, mezzaluna, mezzelune, plenilunary, semilunar, sublunar, sublunary, superlunary, translunar |
| lut- | yellow, golden | Latin | lūtum, lūteus | corpus luteum, luteal, lutein, luteinizing hormone, luteous |
| ly-, lysi-, lyt-[75] | dissolving | Greek | λύειν (lúein), λυτός (lutós), λυτικός (lutikós), λύσις (lúsis) | analyse, analysis, analytic, aparalytic, autolysis, catalyse, catalysis, catalyst, catalytic, cytolysis, dialysis, electrolysis, electrolyte, electrolytic, Hippolyte, hydrolysis, hydrolyte, hydrolytic, lysigeny, lysine, lysis, lysosome, lytic, meta-analysis, palsy, paralyse, paralysis, paralytic, plasmolysis, proteolysis |
| lyc- | wolf | Greek | λύκος (lýkos) | Lycaon, lycanthropy, lycopersicon |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| macer- | lean | Latin | macer | emaciate, macerate, meager |
| macr-[76] | long | Greek | μακρός (makrós), μακρότης (makrótēs) "length" |
|
| magn- | great, large | Latin | magnus | magnanimity, magnanimous, magnate, magnificent, magnify, magnitude, magnum |
| magnet-[77] | Greek | μάγνης, μάγνητος (mágnēs, mágnētos) | bioelectromagnetism, biomagnetism, diamagnetic, diamagnetism, electromagnet, geomagnetic, magnesium, magnet, magnetic, magnetism, magnetite, magnetize, magnetobiology, magnetologist, magnetometer, magnetosome, manganese, paramagnetic, paramagnetism | |
| maj- | greater | Latin | major, majus | majesty, major, majority, majuscule, mayor, semimajor, supermajority |
| mal- | bad, wretched | Latin | malus | dismal, grand mal, malady, malaise, malediction, malefaction, malevolent, malfeasance, malfunction, malice, malicious, malignancy, malnourished, malodorous, premalignant |
| mamm- | breast | Latin | mamma | mammal, mammary, mammography |
| man-, mant-[78] (ΜΑΝ)[79] | crazy | Greek | μαίνεσθαι (maínesthai), μανία (manía), μανικός (manikós), μάντις | hypermania, hypomania, kleptomania, mania, maniac, manic, megalomania, monomania, pyromania, pyromaniac |
| man- | flow | Latin | mānāre, mānātus | emanant, emanate, emanation, immanant, immanation |
| man- (MAN-)[80] | stay | Latin | manēre, mansus | immanence, immanent, impermanence, impermanent, maisonette, manor, manorial, manse, mansion, ménage, menagerie, menial, meiny, messuage, nonpermanence, nonpermanent, permanence, permanent, quasipermanent, remain, remainder, remanence, remanent, remnant, semipermanent |
| man-, manu- | hand | Latin | manus | adminicle, amanuensis, Bimana, bimanous, bimanual, emancipate, mainour, maintain, manacle, manage, manageable, management, managerial, mandamus, mandate, manège, maneuver, manicure, manifer, manifest, manifestation, manifesto, maniform, maniple, manipulation, manipulative, maniraptoran, maniraptoriform, manner, mansuetude, manual, manuary, manubrial, manubrium, manuduction, manufacture, manumission, manumit, manuport, manure, manus, manuscript, mortmain, Quadrumana, quadrumanous |
| mand-, -mend- | order, commit | Latin | mandāre, mandātus | command, commandant, commandment, commend, commendable, commendam, commendation, commendatory, counterdemand, countermand, demand, demandant, encomienda, mandamus, mandatary, mandate, mandator, mandatory, recommend, recommendation, remand, remandment |
| mar- | sea | Latin | mare, maris | maar, mariculture, marina, marinade, marinara, marinate, marination, marine, mariner, maritime, submarine, ultramarine |
| mas- | male, man | Latin | mās, māris, masculus, masculi | emasculate, emasculation, emasculator, masculate, masculine, masculinity |
| mater-, matr- | mother | Latin | mater, matris | maternal, maternity, matrimony, matrix, matron |
| maxim- | greatest | Latin | maximus | maxim, maximal, maximum, submaximal |
| mechan-[81] | machine or instrument | Greek | μῆχος, μηχανή (mēkhanḗ), μηχανικός (mēkhanikós) | machine, mechane, mechanics, mechanism, mechanize, mechanobiology, mechanophilia, mechanophobia |
| medi-, -midi- | middle | Latin | medius, mediare | dimidiation, immediate, intermediary, mean, media, median, mediate, mediation, medieval, mediocre, Mediterranean, medium, moiety, multimedia, postmeridian, submediant |
| meg-, megal-[82] | great, large | Greek | μέγας, μεγάλου (mégas, megálou) | acromegaly, Megacles, megacycle, megalomania, megalopolis, megaphone |
| mei-[83] | less | Greek | μεῖον (meîon), μείωσις (meíōsis) | ameiosis, ameiotic, meiobenthos, meiosis, meiotic |
| melan-[84] | black, dark | Greek | μέλας, μέλανος (mélas, mélanos), μελανότης | amelanism, aphaeomelanism, eumelanin, hypermelanic, melancholic, melancholy, Melanesia, melanin, melanism, melanoblastoma, melanocyte, melanoma, melanophobia, melanophore, melanosis, melatonin, neuromelanin, pheomelanin |
| melior- | better | Latin | meliorare "to improve", from melior "better" | ameliorate, amelioration, meliorism |
| meliss-[85] | bee | Greek | μέλισσα (mélissa) | melissophobia |
| mell- | honey | Latin | mel, mellis | melliferous, mellific, mellifluence, mellifluent, mellifluous, melliloquent, mellivorous |
| memor- | remember | Latin | memor | commemorate, immemorial, memoir, memorabilia, memorable, memorandum, memorial, memory, remembrance |
| men- | month | Greek | μήν (mḗn) | menopause, menorrhea |
| mening-[86] | membrane | Greek | μήνιγξ, μῆνιγγος (mēninx, mēningos) | leptomeninges, meninges, meningioma, meningitis, meninx |
| mend- | defect, fault | Latin | mendax "lying, a liar", from menda "defect, fault" | amend, amendment, emend, mendacious, mendacity |
| menstru- | monthly | Latin | menstruus | menstrual, menstruation |
| mensur- | measure | Latin | mensura "measurement", from metiri "to measure" | commensurable, commensurate, dimension, immense, incommensurable, incommensurate, measure |
| ment- | mind | Latin | mens, mentis | comment, dement, dementia, memento, mental, mentality, mention, reminisce, reminiscence |
| mer-[87] | part | Greek | μείρεσθαι (meíresthai), μέρος (méros) | antimere, antimeria, biopolymer, decamer, decamerous, dimer, dimeric, dimerism, dimerous, enantiomer, enneamer, heptamer, heterodimer, heterotetramer, hexamer, homodimer, homotetramer, isomer, isomeric, isomerism, mereology, merisis, merism, meristem, meristematic, meristic, meromorphic, metamere, metamerism, Moirai, monomer, monomeric, octamer, oligomer, oligomeric, pentamer, pentamerous, photopolymer, phytomer, polymer, tautomerism, telomer, telomere, tetramer, tetrameric, trimer, trimerize |
| merc- | reward, wages, hire | Latin | merx (genitive mercis) | amercement, commerce, commercial, market, mercantile, mercenary, mercery, merchandise, merchant, mercy, noncommercial |
| merge-, mers- | dip, plunge | Latin | mergere | demerge, demersal, demerse, demersion, emerge, emergence, emergency, emergent, emersion, immerge, immergence, immerse, immersible, immersion, immersive, merge, reemerge, reemergence, reimmerse, submerge, submergence, submerse, submersible, submersion |
| mes-[88] | middle | Greek | μέσος (mésos) | Mesolithic, mesophile, mesophilic, mesoscopic, mesosphere, mesozoic |
| met-, meta-[89] | above, among, beyond | Greek | μετά (metá) | metabolism, metalogic, metamorphic, metamorphosis, metaphase, metaphor, metaphysics, metastatic, meteor, method |
| metall-[90] | mine | Greek | μέταλλον (métallon), μεταλλικός (metallikós) | dimetallic, electrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, metallic, metalloid, metallophobia, metallophone, metallurgist, metallurgy, organometallic, polymetal, polymetallic, pyrometallurgy, tetrametallic, trimetallic |
| meter-, metr- | measure | Greek | μέτρον (métron) | anemometer, anemometric, antisymmetric, antisymmetry, asymmetric, asymmetry, axonometric, barometer, barometric, bathometer, diameter, diametric, dysmetria, graphometer, hexameter, hygrometer, hygrometry, isodiametric, isometric, isoperimetric, meter, metre, metric, metrology, metronome, monosymmetric, parameter, parameterize, parametric, parametrize, pentameter, perimeter, polymeter, symmetric, symmetry, telemeter, telemetric, telemetry, tetrameter, thermometer, trimeter, trimetric |
| metr-[91] | mother | Greek | μήτηρ, μητρός (mḗtēr, mētrós), μητρικός (mētrikós) | haplometrosis, metrocyte, metropolis, pleometrosis |
| mic- | grain | Latin | mica | mica, micelle |
| micr-[92] | small | Greek | μικρός (mikrós), μικρότης | microbe, microcosm, microeconomics, micrometer, microphone, microscope, microscopic |
| migr- | wander | Latin | migrare | countermigration, emigrant, emigrate, emigration, émigré, immigrant, immigrate, immigration, migrant, migrate, migration, migrational, migratory, nonmigratory, remigrant, remigrate, remigration, transmigrant, transmigrate, transmigration, transmigratory |
| milit- | soldier | Latin | mīles, militis | militant, military, militia |
| mill- | thousand | Latin | mille | mile, millennium, million |
| millen- | thousand each | Latin | milleni | millenarian, millenary |
| mim-[93] | repeat | Greek | μιμεῖσθαι (mimeîsthai), μιμητικός (mimētikós), μίμος (mímos) | mime, mimeograph, mimesis, mimetic, mimic, necromimesis, pantomime, phenomime, psychomime, psychomimetic |
| min- | jut | Latin | minere | eminence, eminent, imminence, imminent, preeminence, preeminent, prominence, prominent, promontory, supereminence, supereminent |
| min- | less, smaller | Latin | minor, minus | administer, administration, administrative, administrator, administratrix, maladminister, maladministration, minestrone, minister, ministerial, ministerialis, ministerium, ministrant, ministrate, ministration, ministrative, ministry, minor, minority, minstrel, minstrelsy, minus, minuscule, quasiminuscule, semiminor |
| mina- | lead | Latin | minare, variant of minari | amenable, demeanor, promenade |
| mina- | threaten | Latin | minari | menace, minatory |
| minth-[94] | mint | Greek | μίνθα (míntha), μίνθη (mínthē), μινθάριον | Acanthomintha, Mentha, menthol, mint, Minthostachys |
| mir- | wonder, amazement | Latin | mirus, miror, mirari, miratus sum | admirability, admirable, admiration, admirative, admire, marvel, marvelous, miracle, miraculous, mirage, Miranda, mirative, mirativity, mirror |
| mis-[95] | hate | Greek | μισεῖν (miseîn), μῖσος (mîsos) | misandrist, misandry, misanthrope, misanthropy, misocainea, misogamist, misogamy, misogynist, misogyny, misoneism, misopaedia, misophonia, misotheism |
| misc-, mixt- | mix | Latin | miscere, mixtus | admix, admixtion, admixture, commix, commixture, immiscibility, immiscible, immix, immixture, intermix, intermixture, maslin, meddle, mestizo, Métis, miscellanea, miscellaneous, miscellany, miscibility, miscible, mix, mixture, permiscible, permix, permixtion, postmix, premix, promiscuity, promiscuous, remix |
| miser- | unhappy, wretched | Latin | miser | commiserate, commiseration, immiserate, immiseration, miser, miserable, misericord, misery |
| mit-, miss- (MIT-)[96] | send | Latin | mittere, missus | admissibility, admissible, admission, admissive, admit, admittatur, admittee, commissar, commissariat, commissary, commission, commissive, commissural, commissure, commit, commitment, committal, committee, compromis, compromise, compromissary, decommission, decommit, decommitment, demise, demiss, demit, dimissory, dimit, dismiss, dismissal, dismissive, emissary, emission, emissitious, emissive, emissivity, emit, emittent, entremet, fideicommissary, fideicommissum, impermissible, inadmissibility, inadmissible, intermission, intermittent, intromissible, intromission, intromissive, intromit, intromittent, manumission, manumit, mess, message, messenger, missile, mission, missionary, missive, mittimus, noncommittal, omissible, omission, omissive, omit, permissible, permission, permissive, permissory, permit, permittee, premise, premiss, premit, pretermission, pretermit, promise, promisee, promissive, promissory, readmission, readmit, recommit, remise, remiss, remissible, remission, remissive, remissory, remit, remittal, remittance, remittee, remittence, remittent, remittitur resubmit, retransmission, retransmit, subcommittee, submission, submissive, submit, surmise, transmissibility, transmissible, transmission, transmissive, transmit, transmittal |
| mit-[97] | thread | Greek | μίτος (mítos) | mitochondrion, mitosis, mitospore |
| mn-[98] | Greek | μνᾶ (mnâ) | mina, mna | |
| mne-[99] | memory | Greek | μνᾶσθαι (mnâsthai), μνήμη (mnḗmē) | amnesia, amnesty, anamnesis, anamnestic, dysmnesia, Mneme, mneme, mnemonic |
| mod- | measure, change | Latin | modus "measure" | accommodate, accommodation, accommodative, accommodator, bimodal, bimodality, bimodular, bimodule, commode, commodification, commodious, commodity, decommodification, demodulate, demodulation, demodulator, immodest, immodesty, intermodal, intermodulation, modal, modality, mode, model, moderate, moderation, moderato, moderator, modern, modernity, modest, modesty, modicum, modification, modify, modiolus, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulo, modulus, multimodal, multimodality, postmodern, postmodernity, Quasimodo, remodel, remodulate, supermodel, trimodal, trimodality, ultramodern, ultramodernity, unimodal, unimodality, unimodular, unimodularity |
| mol- | grind | Latin | mola, molere, molitus | molar |
| moll- | soft | Latin | mollis | emollience, emollient, moil, mollescence, mollescent, mollient, mollification, mollify, mollitude, mollusc, molluscicide, molluscivore, mollusk |
| mon-[100] | alone, only | Greek | μόνος (mónos), μονάς, μονάδος (monás, monádos) | monachism, monad, monadic, monarchy, monastery, monastic, monasticism, monatomic, monism, monist, monk, monoid, monolith, monometer, monopod, monopoly, monopsony, monotone |
| mon- | warn | Latin | monere, monitus | admonish, admonishment, admonition, admonitor, admonitory, monition, monitor, monitory, monument, monumental, premonition, premonitory, resummon, summon |
| monil- | string of beads | Latin | monile | monilifer, moniliform, Moniliformida |
| monstra- | show | Latin | monstrāre | counterdemonstration, counterdemonstrator, demonstrable, demonstrant, demonstrate, demonstration, demonstrative, demonstrator, demonstratory, indemonstrable, monster, monstrance, monstration, monstrosity, monstrous, muster, premonstrant, premonstrate, Premonstratensian, premonstration, premonstrator, remonstrance, remonstrant, remonstrate, remonstration, remonstrative |
| mont- | mountain | Latin | mons, montis | amount, Belmont, cismontane, dismount, insurmountable, intermontane, montage, montan, Montana, montane, montant, monticello, monticule, montiform, montigenous, mount, mountaineer, mountainous, nonremontant, paramount, piedmont, remontancy, remontant, remontoire, remount, submontane, surmount, surmountable, tantamount, tramontana, tramontane, transmontane, ultramontane, Vermont |
| mor-[101] | foolish, dull | Greek | μωρός (mōrós) | moron, moronic, oxymoron, oxymoronic, sophomore, sophomoric |
| mor- | pause, delay | Latin | morari "to delay", from mora "a pause, delay" | demur, demure, demurrable, demurrage, demurral, demurrer, mora, moratorium, remora, remorate |
| mor- | custom, disposition | Latin | mos, moris | immoral, immorality, moral, morale, morality, mores, morigerous, morose, morosity |
| mord- | bite | Latin | mordere, morsus | mordacious, mordacity, mordancy, mordant, mordent, mordente, mordicancy, mordicant, mordication, mordicative, morsel, morsitation, premorse, remorse |
| morph-[102] | form, shape | Greek | μορφή (morphḗ) | allomorph, amorphous, anamorph, anamorphic, anamorphism, anamorphosis, anthropomorphism, apomorphy, autapomorphy, automorphism, catamorphism, dimorphic, dimorphism, dysmorphic, dysmorphophobia, ectomorph, ectomorphic, enantiomorph, enantiomorphic, endomorph, endomorphic, epimorphism, geomorphology, hemimorphic, holomorph, holomorphic, holomorphism, homeomorphic, homeomorphism, homomorphic, homomorphism, hylomorphism, hypermorphosis, isomorphic, isomorphism, mesomorph, mesomorphic, metamorphic, metamorphism, metamorphosis, monomorphic, monomorphism, morpheme, Morpheus, morphine, morphology, morphosyntactic, morphosyntax, paramorph, peramorphism, peramorphosis, perimorph, plesiomorphy, polymorphic, polymorphism, pseudomorph, synapomorphy, teleomorph, teleomorphic, theriomorphic, trimorphic, trimorphism, zoomorph, zoomorphism |
| mort- | death | Latin | mors, mortis | antemortem, immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortician, mortiferous, mortification, mortuary |
| mov-, mot-, mut- | move, motion | Latin | movere, motus | admove, amotion, amove, bimotor, cocommutator, commotion, commove, commutable, commutation, commutative, commutativity, commutator, commute, countermotion, countermove, countermovement, demote, demotion, emotion, emotional, emotive, emotivity, emove, equimomental, immobile, immutable, immutation, immute, incommutable, locomotion, locomotive, mobile, mobility, molt, moment, momental, momentaneous, momentary, momentous, momentum, motation, motif, motile, motility, motion, motional, motivate, motivation, motivational, motivator, motive, motor, moult, movant, move, movement, movent, mutability, mutable, mutate, mutation, mutineer, mutinous, mutiny, mutual, mutuality, noncommutative, noncommutativity, nonmotile, nonmotility, nonmutual, pari-mutuel, permutable, permutate, permutation, permutational, permute, promote, promotion, promotional, promotive, promotor, promove, remote, remotion, removal, remove, subpermutation, transmove, transmutable, transmutate, transmutation, transmute, transmutual, trimotor |
| mulg-, muls- | milk | Latin | mulgere | emulsion |
| multi- | many, much | Latin | multus | multilingual, multiple, multiplex, multiplication, multiplicity, multiply, multitude, multitudinous |
| mund- | world | Latin | mundus | anima mundi, antemundane, demimondaine, demimonde, extramundane, intramundane, map, mondain, mondaine, mondial, mondo, mundane, mundanity, ultramundane |
| mur- | wall | Latin | mūrus, muri | antemural, immuration, immure, immurement, intramural, murage, mural |
| mus- | mouse | Greek/Latin | μῦς, μυός (mûs, muós) / mus, muris | musophobia |
| musc- | fly | Latin | musca, muscae | Musca, muscarine, Muscicapa, Muscicapidae, Muscidae, musciform, mosquito |
| mut- | change | Latin | mūtare | immutable, mutation, permutation, transmute |
| my-[103] | mouse | Greek | μῦς, μυός (mûs, muós), μυών | amyotrophic, electromyogram, electromyograph, electromyography, endomysium, epimysium, murine, musophobia, myoelectric, myomancy, myomorphous, myomorphy, myopathy, myositis, myotome, Nectomys, Oryzomys, perimysium, Sigmodontomys |
| my-[104] | shut (the eyes) | Greek | μύειν (múein), μύσις (músis), μύστης (mústēs) | miosis, myopia, myopic, myosis, mystery |
| mycet-[105] | fungus | Greek | μύκης, μύκητος (múkēs, múkētos) | ascomycete, basidiomycete, mycology, Mycoplasma, zygomycete, zygomycosis |
| mydr-[106] | dilate | Greek | μύδρος, μυδρίασις (mudríasis) | mydriasis |
| myel-[107] | marrow | Greek | μυελός (muelós) | amyelia, myeloblast, myelocyte, myelogenous, myeloid, myelopoiesis, poliomyelitis |
| myl-[108] | mill | Greek | μύλη (múlē), μύλος (múlos) | amyloid, amyloidosis, amylolysis, amylopectin, amylophagia, amyloplast, amylose, amylum |
| myo-[109] | muscle | Greek | μυς (mys) | leiomyoma |
| myri-[110] | countless, ten thousand | Greek | μυρίος (muríos) | myriad, myriagon, myriagram, myriapod, myriapodology |
| myrmec-[111] | ant | Greek | μύρμηξ (múrmēx) | myrmecochory, myrmecoid, myrmecology, myrmecophobia, Myrmidons, myrmomancy |
| mys-[112] | uncleanness | Greek | μύσος (músos) | mysophilia, mysophobia |
| myth-[113] | story | Greek | μῦθος (mûthos) | mythic, mythology, mythomania, mythopoeia, mythos |
| myx- | slime | Greek | μύσσομαι, μύξα (múxa) | match, myxedema, myxoedema, Myxini, myxogastrid |
| myz-[114] | suck | Greek | μυζάω (muzáō), μύζησις (múzēsis) | Myzopoda |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nap- | turnip | Latin | nāpus | napiform, neep |
| nar- | nostril | Latin | naris | internarial, nares, narial, naris, prenarial |
| narc-[115] | numb | Greek | ναρκᾶν (narkân), νάρκη (nárkē) | narcolepsy, narcosis, narcotic |
| narr- | tell | Latin | narrare | counternarrative, inenarrable, narration, narrative, narrator |
| nas- | nose | Latin | nāsus | intranasal, nasal, nasalance, nasalis, nasality, nasolabial, nonnasal |
| nasc-, nat- | born | Latin | nascere, nāsci (past participle natus) | adnascent, adnate, adnation, agnate, agnatic, agnation, binational, cognate, cognatic, cognation, connascence, connascent, connate, connation, connatural, denature, enascent, enate, enatic, enation, impregnate, innate, international, multinational, nada, naïf, naissant, naïve, nascency, nascent, natal, natality, nation, national, nationality, native, nativity, natural, naturality, nature, née, nonnative, postnatal, pregnancy, pregnant, prenatal, preternatural, renaissance, renaissant, renascence, renascent, renature, subnational, supernatural, supranational, transnational, transnationality |
| naut-[116] | ship | Greek | ναῦς (naûs), ναύτης (naútēs) | aeronautic, Argonaut, astronaut, cosmonaut, nausea, nautical, nautilus |
| nav- | ship | Latin | nāvis | antenave, naval, nave, navicular, navigable, navigate, navy, nonnavigable |
| ne-[117] | spin, thread | Greek | νεῖν (neîn), νῆσις "spinning", νῆμα, νήματος (nêma, nḗmatos) | axoneme, diplonema, leptonema, nematocyst, nematocyte, nematode, nematology, pachynema, synnema, treponema, zygonema |
| ne-, neo-[118] | new | Greek | νέϝος, νέος (néos) | Neolithic, neologism, neon, neonate, neophyte |
| neb-, nub- | cloud | Latin | nebula, nubes | nebula, nebular, nebulosity, nebulous, nuance, nubilous, obnubilate |
| necr-[119] | dead | Greek | νεκρός (nekrós), νέκρωσις (nékrōsis) | necromancy, Necronomicon, necrophilia, necrophobia, necropolis, necropsy, necrosis, necrospermia, necrotic, necrotize, necrotomy |
| nect- | swimming | Greek | νηκτός (nēktós) | nectopod, nekton |
| nect-, nex- | join, tie | Latin | nectere, nexus | adnexum, annectent, annex, annexation, annexion, connect, connexion, deannexation, disconnect, interconnect, nexus, reconnect |
| neg- | say no | Latin | negare | negative, renegade, renege |
| nem-, nom-[120] | arrangement, law | Greek | νέμειν (némein), νομός (nomós), νόμος (nómos), νέμεσις (némesis), νομάς, νομάδος (nomás, nomádos), νομαδικός (nomadikós), νομαδία, νομή, νομίζειν (nomízein), νόμισμα (nómisma) | anomie, anomy, antinome, antinomic, antinomy, archnemesis, autonomy, isonomy, metronomic, nemesis, nomad, nomadic, nomadism, nomadize, nomarch, nomarchy, nome, nomology, nomothetic, Numidia, numismatics |
| nemat- | hair | Greek | νῆμα, νήματος (nêma, nḗmatos) | nematocyst, nematocyte, nematode, nematology |
| nemor- | grove, woods | Latin | nemus, nemoris | nemoral, nemorous |
| nephr-[121] | kidney | Greek | νεφρός (nephrós) | mesonephric, mesonephros, metanephridium, metanephros, nephridiopore, nephridium, nephrite, nephritis, nephrogenesis, nephrolith, nephrolithiasis, nephrologist, nephrology, nephron, nephroptosis, nephrostome, pronephros, protonephridium |
| nerv- | sinew, nerve | Latin | nervus | enervate, enervation, enervative, innervate, innervation, nerval, nervate, nerve, nervose, nervosity, nervous, reinnervation, trinervate |
| nes-[122] | island | Greek | νῆσος (nêsos) | Chersonesus, Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Peloponnese, Polynesia |
| neur-[123] | nerve, sinew | Greek | νεῦρον (neûron) | aponeurosis, endoneurium, epineurium, neural, neurapraxia, neurasthenia, neuritis, neuroblast, neuroblastoma, neurocranium, neurocyte, neuroendocrine, neuroendocrinology, neurologic, neurologist, neurology, neuromorphology, neuron, neurone, neuropathic, neuropathology, neuropathy, neuroplastic, neurosis, neurosurgeon, neurosurgery, neurotic, neuroticism, perineurium, polyneuropathy |
| nict- | beckon, wink | Latin | nictari | nictate, nictation, nictitate, nictitation |
| nigr- | black | Latin | niger | denigrate, denigration, denigrative, denigrator, negrita, nigrities, negrito, negritude, nigrescence, nigrescent, nigrine, nigritude |
| nihil- | nothing | Latin | nihilum | annihilate, annihilation, annihilator, nihil, nil |
| niv- | snow | Latin | nix, nivis | Nevada, névé, nival, nivation, niveus, subnival, subnivean |
| noc- | hurt, harm | Latin | nocere | innocence, innocent, innocuity, innocuous, innoxious, nocebo, nocent, nociception, nociceptive, nocifensor, nocument, nocuous, noxious, nuisance, obnoxious |
| noct- | night | Latin | nox (noctis) | equinoctial, equinox, noctambulous, noctiluca, noctilucent, noctule, nocturn, nocturnal, nocturnality, nocturne, notturno, seminocturnal, trinoctial |
| nod- | knot | Latin | nodus | acnode, binodal, crunode, denouement, extranodal, internodal, internode, intranodal, multinodal, nodal, node, nodose, nodosity, nodular, nodulation, nodule, nodulose, nodulus, nodus, supernode, tacnode, trinodal, uninodal |
| nom- | arrangement, law, order | Greek | νόμος (nómos), νομή | agronomy, antinomy, astronomy, autonomous, autonomy, bionomics, economics, economy, gastronomy, metronome, numismatic, polynomial, taxonomy |
| nomad- | those who let pasture herds | Greek | νομάς, νομάδος (nomás, nomádos), νομαδικός (nomadikós) | nomad, nomadic, nomadism, nomadize |
| nomen-, nomin- | name | Latin | nomen, nominis | agnomen, agnominal, agnomination, binomen, binominal, denomination, denominational, denominative, denominator, ignominious, ignominy, innominate, innomine, interdenominational, multidenominational, multinominal, nomenclator, nomenclature, nominal, nominate, nomination, nominative, nominator, nominee, nondenominational, noun, postnominal, praenomen, prenominal, pronominal, pronoun, redenomination, renominate, renown, surnominal, trinomen, trinominal |
| non- | not | Latin | non | none, nonexistent, non-fiction, noninvasive |
| non- | ninth | Latin | nōnus | nonary, None, nonet, noon |
| nonagen- | ninety each | Latin | nonageni | nonagenarian, nonagenary |
| nonagesim- | ninetieth | Latin | nonagesimus | nonagesimal |
| norm- | carpenter's square | Latin | norma | abnormal, abnormality, binormal, circumnormal, denormal, enormity, enormous, nonnormal, nonnormative, norm, normable, normal, normality, normative, quasinorm, seminorm, seminormable, seminormal, subnormal |
| not-[124] | south | Greek | νότος (nótos) | Notogaea, Notomys, Nototherium |
| not-[125] | back | Greek | νῶτον (nôton), νῶτος, νωτιαῖος | notochord |
| not- | letter, mark, note | Latin | notare | annotate, annotation, annotator, connotation, connotational, connotative, connote, denotation, denotational, denotative, denotatum, denote, nondenotative, nonnotable, nonnotational, notability, notable, notarial, notariat, notary, notate, notation, notational |
| noth-[126] | spurious | Greek | νόθος (nóthos) | nothogenus |
| nov-, nome-, non-, novem- | nine | Latin | novem | November, novennial, Nonillion, Nomedecillion |
| nov- | new | Latin | novus | innovate, innovation, innovational, innovative, innovator, innovatory, nova, novation, novel, novella, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovatable, renovate, renovation, renovative, renovator, supernova |
| noven- | nine each | Latin | noveni | Novena, novenary |
| novendec- | nineteen | Latin | novendecim | novemdecillion |
| nox- | harm | Latin | noxa | noxious, obnoxious |
| nu- | nod | Latin | nuere | circumnutate, circumnutation, counternutation, innuendo, innuent, numen, numinous, nutant, nutation |
| nub-, nupt- | to marry, to wed | Latin | nubes, nubis, nubere | connubial, connubiality, nubile, nuptial, postnuptial, prenuptial |
| nuc- | nut | Latin | nux, nucis | enucleate, enucleation, extranuclear, internuclear, intranuclear, multinucleate, nougat, nucament, nucellar, nucellus, nucifer, nuciferine, nuciferous, nuciform, Nucifraga, nucivorous, nuclear, nucleate, nucleation, nucleolar, nucleolate, nucleolus, nucleus, pronuclear, pronucleus, supranuclear |
| nuch- | back of neck | Latin | nucha | nuchal cord |
| nud- | naked | Latin | nudus | denudation, denude, nonnude, nude, nudist, nudity, seminude, seminudity |
| null- | none | Latin | nullus | nullify |
| numer- | number | Latin | numerus | denumerable, enumerable, enumerate, enumeration, enumerative, enumerator, equinumerant, equinumerous, innumerable, innumeracy, innumerate, innumerous, nonenumerative, numerable, numeracy, numéraire, numeral, numerary, numerate, numeration, numerative, numerator, numerical, numero, numerosity, numerous, renumerate, supernumerary |
| nunci- | announce | Latin | nuntius | announce, announcement, annunciation, denounce, denouncement, denunciation, enounce, enouncement, enunciable, enunciate, enunciation, enunciative, internuncial, internuncio, nunciature, nuncio, obnounce, pronounce, pronouncement, pronunciation, pronuntiatio, renounce, renouncement, renunciation |
| nutri- | nourish | Latin | nutrire | innutrition, malnourish, malnourishment, malnutrition, nonnutritional, nourish, nourishment, nurse, nurturance, nurture, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, nutritious |
| nyct-[127] | night | Greek | νύξ, νυκτός (núx, nuktós) | nyctalgia, nyctanthous, nyctinasty, nyctophilia, nyctophobia |
| nyst- | nod | Greek | νυστάζειν (nustázein), (nustagmós) | electronystagmography, nystagmic, nystagmus |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os-[128] | against | Latin | ob | obduracy, obdurate, obduration, obfuscate, oblique, obliquity, obstinate, obstreperous, occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostensible, ostentatious |
| obel-[129] | spit, nail | Greek | ὀβελός (obelós), ὀβελίσκος (obelískos) | metobelus, obelisk, obelism, obelus |
| obol-[130] | Greek | ὀβολός, ὀβολοῦ (obolós, oboloû) | obol, obolus | |
| ocean-[131] | Greek | ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) | Oceania, oceanic | |
| ochl-[132] | crowd, mob | Greek | ὄχλος, ὄχλου (ókhlos, ókhlou) | enochlophobia, ochlocracy, ochlophobia |
| oct-[133] | eight | Greek | ὀκτώ (oktṓ), ὀκτάς (oktás), ὀκτάκις (oktákis) "eight times" | hemi-octahedron, octad, octadic, octagon, octahedron, octameter, octode |
| oct- | eight | Latin | octō | octangular, octennial, octovir |
| octav- | eighth | Latin | octāvus | octaval |
| octogen- | eighty each | Latin | octogeni | octogenarian, octogenary |
| octogesim- | eightieth | Latin | octogesimus | octogesimal |
| octon- | eight each | Latin | octoni | octonary |
| ocul- | eye | Latin | oculus, oculare | ocular, oculus, ullage |
| od- | path, way | Greek | ὁδός (hodós) | anode, diode, odometer, parodos, pentode, tetrode, triode |
| odi- | hate | Latin | odium | odious |
| odont-[134] | tooth | Greek | ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odoús, odóntos) | anodontia, conodont, cynodont, dicynodont, dysodontiasis, macrodontia, mastodon, odontoid, odontology, odontophore, orthodontics, orthodontist, pedodontics, periodontal, smilodon, Thrinaxodon, Zanclodon |
| odor- | fragrant | Latin | odor | malodorous, odoriferous, odorous |
| odyn-[135] | pain | Greek | ὀδύνη (odúnē) | allodynia, anodyne, glossodynia, mastodynia, pleurodynia |
| oec-[136] | house | Greek | ϝοῖκος (woîkos), οἶκος (oîkos) | andromonecy, archdiocese, autoecious, autoecism, dioecious, dioecy, ecesis, ecologist, ecology, economics, economist, economize, economy, ecoregion, ecosystem, ecumenic, ecumenism, gynomonoecy, heteroecious, heteroecism, heteroecy, homoecious, monoecious, monoecy, oecology, oeconomus, oecumenic, oikology, oikophobia, palaeoecology, paleoecology, parish, paroecious, perioeci, trioecious |
| oed-, ed- | swell, swollen | Greek | οἶδος (oîdos), οἰδεῖν (oideîn), οἴδημα, οἴδηματος (oídēma, oídēmatos) | angioedema, edema, edematous, oedema, oedematous |
| oen-[137] | wine | Greek | ϝοῖνος (woînos), οἶνος (oînos) | enology, oenochoe, oenologist, oenology, oenophile, oenophilia, oinochoe |
| oesophag-[138] | gullet | Greek | οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos) | oesophagectomy, oesophagitis, oesophagus |
| oestr-[139] | gadfly, sting | Greek | οἶστρος (oîstros), οἰστράω, οἴστρησις, οἴστρημα | anestrous, anestrus, anoestrus, estrogen, estrogenic, estrus, oestrone, oestrus |
| ogdo-[140] | eighth | Greek | ὄγδοος (ógdoos), ὀγδοάς, ὀγδοάδος (ogdoás, ogdoádos) | ogdoad |
| -oid | like | Greek | -οειδής (-oeidēs) | asteroid, mucoid, organoid |
| ole- | oil | Latin | oleum | oleosity |
| olecran-[141] | skull of elbow | Latin from Greek | ὠλέκρανον (ōlékranon) | olecranon |
| olig-[142] | few | Greek | ὀλίγος (olígos) | oligarchy, Oligocene, oligopoly, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic |
| oliv- | olive | Latin | oliva | olivaceous, olivary, olivette |
| om-[143] | raw | Greek | ὠμός (ōmós), ὠμότης (ōmótēs) "rawness" | omophagia, Omophagus |
| om-[144] | shoulder | Greek | ὦμος (ômos), ὠμία (ōmía) | acromion, omohyoid, omophorion |
| -oma | morbid growth, tumor | Greek | -ωμα | melanoma |
| omas- | paunch | Latin | omasum | abomasum, omasum |
| ombr-[145] | rain | Greek | ὄμβρος (ómbros) | ombrogenous, ombrology, ombrometer, Ombrophila, ombrophilous, ombrophobe, ombrotrophic |
| oment- | fat skin | Latin | omentum | omental |
| omin- | creepy | Latin | omen, ominis | abominable, ominous |
| ommat- | eye | Greek | ὁράω, ὦμμαι, ὄμμα, ὄμματος (ómma, ómmatos) | ommatidium, ommatophore |
| omni- | all | Latin | omnis | omnipotence, omnipresent, omniscient, omnivore |
| omphal-[146] | navel | Greek | ὀμφαλός (omphalós) | omphalectomy, omphalic, omphalopagus, omphalophobia, paromphalocele |
| on-[147] | ass | Greek | ὄνος (ónos), ὀνίσκος (onískos) | Oniscidea, Oniscomorpha |
| onc-[148] | barb, hook | Greek | ὄγκος, ὄγκινος (ónkinos) | Oncinocalyx, Oncorhynchus |
| onc-[149] (ΕΓΚ[150]) | bulk | Greek | ἐνεγκεῖν, ὄγκος (ónkos), ὀγκόω, ὀγκωτός, ὄγκωσις, ὄγκωμα | oncocyte, oncocytoma, oncogenesis, oncologist, oncology |
| oneir-[151] | dream | Greek | ὄνειρος (óneiros), ὀνειρώσσω, ὀνείρωξις (oneírōxis) | oneiric, oneirism, oneirocritic, Oneirocritica, Oneirodidae, oneirogen, oneirogenic, Oneiroi, oneiroid, oneirology, oneiromancy, oneironaut, oneironautics, oneirophobia, oneirophrenia, oneiroscopy |
| oner- | burden, load | Latin | onus, oneris | exonerate, exoneration, onerous, onus |
| oni-[152] | price | Greek | ὦνος (ônos), ὤνιος (ṓnios) | oniochalasia, oniomania, oniomaniac |
| onomat-[153] | name | Greek | ὄνομα, ὀνόματος (ónoma, onómatos), ὀνομάζω, ὀνομαστικός (onomastikós) | antonomasia, onomasiology, onomastic, onomasticon, onomastics, onomasty, onomatology, onomatophore, onomatopoeia |
| ont- | being, existence | Greek | ὄντος, ὀντότης (óntos, ontótēs), οὐσία (ousía) | dysontogenesis, homoiousia, homoousia, monoousious, ontogenesis, ontogenetic, ontogeny, ontology, ousia, parousia |
| onych-[154] | claw | Greek | ὄνυξ, ὄνυχος (ónux, ónukhos), ὀνύχιον (onúkhion), ὀνύχινος, ὀνυχίζω | hapalonychia, Mesonychia, mesonychid, onychectomy, onycholysis, onychomancy, onychomycosis, onychophagia, onychophagy, onychorrhexis, onyx, paronychia, sardonyx |
| onym-[155] | name | Greek | ὄνυμα (ónuma) | acronym, allonym, anonymous, antonym, autonym, caconym, cryptonym, eponym, eponymous, eponymy, euonym, homonym, hyperonym, hyponym, hyponymy, meronym, meronymy, metonym, metonymy, metronymic, paronym, paronymous, pseudonym, pseudonymous, synonym, synonymous, synonymy, tautonym, tautonymous, tautonymy, troponym, troponymy, xenonym, xenonymy |
| oo-[156] | egg | Greek | ᾠόν (ōión) | bottarga, dioon, epoophoron, oidioid, oidium, ooblast, oocyst, oocyte, oocytogenesis, oogamete, oogamous, oogamy, oogenesis, oogonium, ooid, oolite, oolith, oology, oomancy, oophagy, oophorectomy, oophoron, ootheca, ootid, ootidogenesis, paroophoron |
| op-[157] | hole | Greek | ὀπή (opḗ), ὀπαῖον (opaîon) | metope, opaion |
| opac- | shady | Latin | opacus | opacity, opacus, opaque |
| oper- | work | Latin | opus, operis | cooperate, inoperable, opera, operate, opus |
| oper- | cover | Latin | operire, operculum | interoperculum, kerchief, opercular, operculiform, operculum |
| ophi-[158] | snake | Greek | ὄφις, ὄφεως (óphis, ópheōs) | Brachyurophis, ophicephalous, Ophicephalus, Ophiceras, Ophiclinus, ophidiophobia, ophiolite, ophiologist, ophiology, ophiophagous, Ophiophagus, ophiophagy, ophiophobia, Ophisaurus, Ophisops, ophitic |
| ophthalm-[159] | eye | Greek | ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós) | exophthalmic, exophthalmos, microphthalmia, ophthalmia, ophthalmic, ophthalmologic, ophthalmologist, ophthalmology, ophthalmoparesis, ophthalmoplegia, parophthalmia, xerophthalmia |
| opisth-[160] | behind | Greek | ὄπισθεν (ópisthen), ὀπίσθιος | anopisthograph, opisthion, opisthobranch, opisthodomos, opisthoglyphous, opisthognathous, opisthograph, opisthokont, opisthosoma, opsimath, opsimathy |
| ops-, opt- (ΟΠ) | eye | Greek | ὄψεσθαι (ópsesthai), ὀπτός (optós), ὀπτικός (optikós), ὄψις (ópsis) | amblyopia, anopia, autopsy, biopsy, catadioptrics, catoptrics, catoptromancy, catoptrophobia, cyclops, diopter, dioptre, dioptrics, diplopia, eisoptrophobia, emmetropia, hemianopsia, myopia, opsoclonus, optic, optokinetic, panopticon, pleoptics, synopsis, synoptic, tritanopia |
| opsi-[161] | late | Greek | ὀψέ (opsé), ὄψιος | opsimath |
| opson-[162] | cook, prepare for eating | Greek | ὀψωνεῖν (opsōneîn), (opsōnia) | opsonin, opsonoid |
| opt- | choose | Latin | optare | adopt, adoptee, adoption, adoptive, co-option, coopt, cooptation, nonoptional, opt, optation, optative, option, optional, optionality |
| optim- | best | Latin | optimus | optimal, optimum |
| or-, oro-[163] | mountain | Greek | ὄρος, ὄρεος (óros, óreos), ὀρειάς | Oread, orogenesis, orogenic, orogeny, orographic, orography, oronym |
| or- | mouth | Latin | os (genitive oris) "mouth" | adosculation, inosculate, inosculation, interosculate, intraoral, oral, orifice, osculant, osculum, peroral |
| ora- | pray, plead | Latin | orare "to pray, plead" | adore, adoration, exorable, inexorable, oracle, orate, oration, orator, oratorio, oratory, orison, perorate, peroration, perorator |
| orb- | circle | Latin | orbis | orbit |
| orch-[164] | testicle | Greek | ὄρχις (órkhis), ὀρχίδιον (orkhídion) | anorchia, cryptorchidism, monorchism, orchid, orchiectomy, orchiopexy, Orchis, polyorchidism |
| orches-[165] | dance | Greek | ὀρχεῖσθαι (orkheîsthai) | orchestra |
| ordin- | order | Latin | ōrdō, ordinis | coordinal, coordinate, coordination, coordinator, disorder, extraordinaire, extraordinary, grandorder, incoordinate, incoordination, infraorder, inordinate, inordination, insubordinate, insubordination, magnorder, mirorder, ordain, ordainment, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinand, ordinariate, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordinative, ordnance, ornery, parvorder, preordain, preorder, preordination, quasiorder, reordain, reorder, reordination, suborder, subordinary, subordinate, subordination, superordain, superorder, superordinate, superordination |
| oreg-[166] | reach | Greek | ὀρέγειν (orégein), ὀρεκτός (orektós), ὀρεκτικός (orektikós), ὄρεξις (órexis), ὄρεγμα (óregma) | anorectic, anorexia, dysorexia, orectic, orexin, parorexia |
| org- | work | Greek | ὄργια (órgia) | orgasm |
| organ- | organ, instrument, tool | Greek | ὄργανον (órganon) | organic, organism, organogenesis |
| ori-, ort- | rise | Latin | oriri, ortus | aboriginal, abort, abortifacient, abortion, abortive, disorient, disorientation, orient, oriental, Orientalia, orientate, orientation, orientational, orientative, origin, original, originality, originate, origination, originator, reorient, reorientation |
| orn- | decorate | Latin | ōrnāre | adorn, adornment, ornament, ornamental, ornamentation, ornate, ornative, ornature, suborn, subornation |
| ornith-[167] | bird | Greek | ὄρνις, ὄρνιθος (órnis, órnithos) | Avernus, ornithology, ornithomancy, ornithorhynchus, ornithosis |
| orphan-[168] | Greek | ὀρφανός (orphanós), ὀρφανότης | orphan | |
| orth-[169] | straight | Greek | ὀρθός (orthós), ὀρθότης | orthocenter, orthocentric, orthodontia, orthodontic, orthodontist, orthodox, orthodoxy, orthographic, ortholog, orthologous, orthonym, orthopedic, orthoscope, orthosis, orthostat, orthostyle, orthotic |
| oryz-[170] | rice | Greek | ὄρυζα (óruza), ὀρύζιον | Oryza, Oryzomys, rice, risotto |
| oscill- | swing | Latin | oscillum | oscillate, oscillation, oscillator, oscillatory |
| osm-[171] | odor | Greek | ὀσμή (osmḗ), ὄσμησις | anosmia, anosmic, cacosmia, coprosmia, dysosmia, dysosmic, euosmia, hyperosmia, hyperosmic, hyposmia, hyposmic, osmium, osmolagnia, osmophobia, osphresiolagnia, parosmia, phantosmia, troposmia |
| osm-[172] | push, thrust | Greek | ὠσμός (ōsmós) | osmometry, osmosis, osmostat, osmotic |
| oss- | bone | Latin | os, ossis | exossation, interosseous, ossature, osselet, osseocartilaginous, osseointegration, osseous, ossicle, ossicular, ossiferous, ossification, ossifrage, ossify, ossuary |
| oste-[173] | bone | Greek | ὀστέον, ὀστέου (ostéon, ostéou), ὀστοῦν, ὀστοῦ (ostoûn, ostoû) | dysostosis, endosteum, exostosis, hyperostosis, monostotic, Osteichthyes, osteoarthritis, osteoblast, osteochondritis, osteochondrosis, osteoclast, osteogenic, osteogenesis, osteoid, osteology, osteolysis, osteoma, osteomalacia, osteonecrosis, osteopathy, osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteosis, osteothrombosis, osteotome, osteotomy, periosteum, synostosis |
| osti- | entrance | Latin | ostium | ostiary, ostiolar, ostiole, ostium |
| ostrac- | shell | Greek | ὄστρειον (óstreion), ὀστρακίζω (ostrakízō), ὄστρακον (óstrakon) | Entomostraca, Leptostraca, Malacostraca, ostracism, ostracize, ostracod, ostracoderm, ostracon, periostracum |
| ostre-[174] | oyster | Greek | ὄστρεον | ostreophagist, oyster |
| ot-[175] | ear | Greek | οὖς, ὠτός (oûs, ōtós) | anotia, Aotus, microtia, Myosotis, otalgia, otic, otitis, otocephaly, otocleisis, otoconium, otocyst, otodynia, otolith, otology, otopathy, otophyma, otoplasty, otorhinology, otorrhea, otosclerosis, otoscope, otoscopy, ototomy, parotic, parotid, periotic, synotia |
| ov- | egg | Latin | ovum | obovate, oval, ovarian, ovariole, ovary, ovate, ovicapsule, ovicidal, ovicide, oviduct, oviferous, oviform, oviposition, ovipositor, ovolo, ovular, ovulation, ovulatory, ovule, ovum, pluriovulate |
| ovi- | sheep | Latin | ovis | ovile, ovine |
| oxy-[176] | sharp, pointed | Greek | ὀξύς (oxús) | anoxia, anoxic, dioxide, hypoxia, monoxide, oxide, oxyanion, oxygen, oxyhalide, oxymoron, oxyntic, oxytone, paroxysm, pentoxide, polyoxide, tetraoxygen, tetroxide, trioxide |
| oz-[177] | smell | Greek | ὄζειν (ózein), ὄζων (ózōn), ὄζη | ozocerite, ozone, ozopore |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pac- | peace | Latin | pax, pacis | appease, Pacific, pacifism, pacifist, pacify |
| pach-[1] | thick | Greek | παχύς (pakhús), πάχος, πάχεος (pákhos, pákheos) | pachydermata, pachyglossia, pachynsis, Pachypodium |
| pact- | fasten | Latin | pangere "to fix, fasten" | compact, impact, impaction, impinge, page, propagate |
| pact- | agreement | Latin | pacisci "to covenant, to agree, make a treaty" | pact |
| pae-[2] | strike | Greek | παίειν (paíein), (paistos) | anapaest, anapaestic, anapest, anapestic |
| paed-, ped-[3] | child | Greek | παῖς, παιδός (paîs, paidós), παιδικός (paidikós) | orthopedic, paediatric, paedogenesis, paedomorphism, page, pedagogue, pedagogy, pedant, pedantic, pediatric, pedodontics, pedophilia |
| pagin- | page | Latin | pagina | pagination |
| pal- | stake | Latin | palus | impale, impalement, pale, palisade, pole, travail, travel |
| palae-, pale-[4] | ancient, old | Greek | παλαιός (palaiós) | paleo diet, paleobiology, paleobotanic, Paleocene, Paleogene, Paleolithic, paleology, paleomagnetism, paleontology, paleopolyploidy, paleopsychology, Paleozoic |
| palin-, palim-[5] | back | Greek | πάλιν (pálin) | palimpsest, palindrome, palingenesis, palinspastic |
| pall- | be pale | Latin | pallere | pallid, pallor |
| palli- | cloak | Latin | palliare "to cover, cloak", from pallium "cloak" | pall, palliate, palliative, pallium |
| palm- | palm | Latin | palma | palmate |
| palp- | touch | Latin | palpare | palp, palpable, palpate, palpation, palpitant, palpitation |
| palustr- | in marshes | Latin | paluster | palustral |
| pan- | Pan | Greek | πάειν, Πάν (Pán), Πανικός (Panikós) | panic |
| pan-, pam-[6] | all | Greek | πᾶς, παντός (pantós), πᾶν (pân), πασῶν, παντότης, πάντοθεν | diapason, panacea, pandemic, pandemonium, panoply, panoptic, pantology, parrhesia |
| pan- | bread | Latin | pānis | accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, empanada, impanate, impanation, panelle, panetela, panetella, panettone, panivorous, pannier, pantry |
| pand-, pans- | spread | Latin | pandere, pansus/passus | compass, dispand, dispansion, encompass, encompassment, expand, expanse, expansion, expansive, expansivity, impassable, impasse, pace, pandiculate, pandiculation, passus, repand, spawn, subrepand |
| par-, para-[7] | beside, near | Greek | παρά (pará) | parable, parabola, parallel, parallelepiped, parameter, parapagus, paradox, parody |
| par- | equal | Latin | par | compare, disparage, par, parity, peer, subpar |
| par- | order, prepare, provide, procure | Latin | parare | apparat, apparatus, co-emperor, comprador, disparate, disrepair, dissever, disseverance, emperor, empery, empire, empress, imperant, imperative, imperator, imperious, inseparable, irreparable, parade, pare, parison, parry, parure, preparation, preparative, preparatory, prepare, repair, reparable, reparation, reparative, separability, separable, separate, separation, separative, separator, separatory, separatrix, sever, severability, severable, several, severance, vituperate |
| parc-, pars- | spare, save | Latin | parcere, parsus | parcity, parsimonious, parsimony |
| pariet- | wall | Latin | paries, parietis | parietal |
| part- | part | Latin | pars, partis | apart, bipartite, compartment, depart, impartial, parcel, part, partial, participate, particle, partisan, partition |
| parthen-[8] | virgin | Greek | παρθένος (parthénos) | parthenocarpy, parthenogenesis, Parthenon, Parthenope |
| parv- | little | Latin | parvus | parvovirus, parvorder |
| pasc-, past- | feed | Latin | pāscere, pāstus | antepast, antipasto, pabulum, pastel, pastern, pastiglia, pastille, pastor, pastorage, pastoral, pastorale, pastorate, pastorium, pasturable, pasturage, pastural, pasture, repast, repasture |
| pass-[9] | sprinkle | Greek | πάσσειν (pássein), παστός (pastós) | paste |
| pass- | pace, step | Latin | passus |
|
| passer- | sparrow | Latin | passer | passeriform, passerine |
| pat-[10] | path | Greek | πάτος (pátos), πατεῖν (pateîn), πατητός, πατητής, πατητήριον | peripatetic, peripateticism |
| pat- | be open | Latin | patere | impatent, patefaction, patella, patellar, patelliform, paten, patency, patent, patera, patin |
| path-[11] | feeling, disease | Greek | πάσχειν (páskhein), παθητικός (pathētikós), πάθος (páthos) | allopath, allopathy, antipathy, apathetic, apathy, empathy, etiopathogenesis, homeopathic, homeopathy, idiopathic, pathetic, pathoclisis, pathogen, pathogenesis, pathogenic, pathologist, pathology, pathos, psychopath, psychopathic, psychopathy, sympathectomy, sympathetic, sympathy |
| pater-, patr-[12] | father | Greek | πατήρ, πατρός (patḗr, patrós), πατριά (patriá), πατριώτης (patriṓtēs) | allopatric, allopatry, eupatrides, patriarch, patriarchy, patriot, patriotic, patriotism, patrology, patronym, patronymic, sympatric, sympatry |
| pater-, patr- | father | Latin | pater (genitive patris) | compadre, compaternity, compère, impetrate, impetration, impetrative, impetrator, Jupiter, padre, padrone, paterfamilias, paternal, paternity, paternoster, patriate, patriation, Patricia, patrician, patriciate, patricidal, patricide, Patrick, patriclinous, patricliny, patrifocal, patrilateral, patrilineage, patrilineal, patrilineality, patrilinear, patrilocal, patrilocality, patrimonial, patrimony, patron, patronage, patronal, patronate, patroness, patroon, patter, pattern, père, perpetrable, perpetrate, perpetration, perpetrator, repatriate, repatriation |
| pati-, pass- | suffer, feel, endure, permit | Latin | pati, passus | compassion, compassionate, compatibility, compatible, dispassion, dispassionate, impassible, impassion, impassive, impassivity, impatible, impatience, impatient, incompatibility, incompatible, interpatient, noncompatible, nonpassible, passibility, passible, passion, passional, passionary, passionate, passive, passivity, patible, patience, patient, patientive, perpession |
| pauc- | few | Latin | paucus | paucal, pauciloquent, paucity |
| pav- | beat | Latin | pavire | pavage, pave, pavement, pavior |
| pecc- | sin | Latin | peccatum "sin, fault, error", from peccare "to miss, mistake" | impeccable, peccadillo, peccant, peccavi |
| pect- | fixed | Greek | πηκτός (pēktós) | pectic, pectin |
| pector- | chest | Latin | pectus, pectoris | pectoral |
| pecu- | property | Latin | pecunia "property", from pecu "cattle" | peculiar, pecuniary, pecunious |
| ped- | foot | Latin | pes, pedis | biped, bipedal, centipedal, centipede, decempedal, expediency, expedient, expeditate, expedite, expedition, expeditionary, expeditious, impeach, impeachable, impeachment, impede, impediment, impedition, impeditive, inexpedient, interpetiolar, intrapetiolar, millipede, multiped, multipede, octopede, oppidum, pawn, pedal, pedate, pedatifid, pedestal, pedestrian, pedicel, pedicle, pedicure, pediform, pedigerous, pedigree, peduncle, pedunculate, peon, peonage, petiolar, petiolate, petiole, petiolular, petiolulate, petiolule, piedfort, piedmont, pioneer, quadruped, quadrupedal, repedation, revamp, semiped, semipedal, sesquipedal, stapes, stapedius, subpetiolate, suppedaneum, tripedal, trivet, vamp, velocipede |
| peg-, pect-[13] | fix | Greek | πηγνύναι (pēgnúnai),
πηκτός (pēktós),
πηκτικός (pēktikós), πῆξις (pêxis), πῆγμα (pêgma), πάγη (págē), πάγος (págos), πάγιος (págios), παγιότης (pagiótēs), πάσσαλος (pássalos) |
hysteropexy, pagophobia, parapagus, pectic, pectin, rheopectic, rheopecty, rheopexy |
| pejor- | worse | Latin | pejor | pejorative |
| pel-[14] | clay, mud | Greek | πηλός (pēlós) | pelite, pelitic |
| pelag-[15] | sea | Greek | πέλαγος (pélagos), πελαγικός (pelagikós) | abyssopelagic, allopelagic, archipelagic, archipelago, bathypelagic, epipelagic, hadopelagic, mesopelagic, pelagic, pelagonym |
| pelarg-[16] | stork | Greek | πελαργός (pelargós), πελαργώδης | pelargonic, Pelargonium |
| pell-, puls- | drive, push | Latin | pellere, pulsus | appulse, compel, compulsory, dispel, expel, expulsion, impel, impulse, propel, propellent, propulsion, propulsive, propulsor, pulsate, pulse, push, repel, repellent, repulsive |
| pemp-, pomp- | send | Greek | πέμπειν (pémpein), πομπή (pompḗ) | apopemptic, hypnopompic, pomp, psychopomp |
| pen- | almost | Latin | paene | peninsula, penultimate, penumbra |
| pen-, poen-, puni- | punish | Latin | punire "punish" (earlier poenire), from poena "punishment" | impune, impunity, pain, penal, penalize, penalty, penance, penitence, penitent, penitentiary, pine, punish, punitive, repent, subpoena |
| pend-, pens- | hang | Latin | pensare, frequentative of pendere | append, penchant, pendant, pending, pendulum, pensive, prepense, suspend, suspense |
| penia- | deficiency | Greek | πενία (penía) | leukopenia |
| penn-, pinn- | feather | Latin | penna, pinna | pennate, pinnacle, pinnate, pinnule |
| pent-[17] | five | Greek | πέντε (pénte), πεντάς, πεντάδος (pentás, pentádos), πεντάκις (pentákis) "five times", πενταπλάσιος (pentaplásios) "five-fold", πενταχοῦ | diapente, pentachoric, pentad, pentagon, pentagram, pentalpha, pentapolis, pentatonic, pentatope, pentode |
| pentacosi-[18] | five hundred | Greek | πεντακόσιοι (pentakósioi) | pentacosiomedimni |
| pentecont-[19] | fifty | Greek | πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta), πεντηκοντάς, πεντηκοντάδος (pentēkontás, pentēkontádos) | pentecontad, pentecontagon |
| pentecost-[20] | fiftieth | Greek | πεντηκοστός (pentēkostós) | Pentecost, pentecostalism |
| peper-[21] | pepper | Greek | πέπερι, πεπέρεως | paprika, pepper |
| pepon-[22] | ripe | Greek | πέπων, πέπονος (pépōn, péponos) | pumpkin |
| pept- | digest | Greek | πέσσειν (péssein), πεπτός (peptós), πεπτικός (peptikós), πέψις (pépsis) | dipeptide, dyspepsia, dyspeptic, eupepsia, eupeptic, monopeptide, oligopeptide, pepsin, peptic, peptide, peptone, polypeptide, tetrapeptide, tripeptide |
| per- | wallet | Greek | πήρα (pḗra), πηρίδιον (pērídion) | peridium |
| per-, pel- | thoroughly, through | Latin | per | pellucid, perfection, permeate, pernicious, persistence, peruse, pervade |
| peran- | across, beyond | Greek | πέραν (péran) | Perates |
| perdic-[23] | partridge | Greek | πέρδιξ, πέρδικος (pérdix, pérdikos) | Melanoperdix, partridge |
| peri-[24] | around | Greek | περί (perí) | Pericles, pericope, perigee, perihelion, perimeter, period, periphery, periscope |
| persic-[25] | peach | Greek | περσικός (persikós) |
|
| pessim- | worst | Latin | pessimus | pessimal |
| pet- | strive toward | Latin | petere | appetite, compete, competition, impetus, petition, petulant, propitiate, repeat, repetition |
| petr-[26] | rock | Greek | πέτρα (pétra) | epipetric, petroglyph, petrographic, petrography, petroleum, petrology, petrosomatoglyph |
| phac- | lens | Greek | φακός (phakós) | Phacochoerus, phacoemulsification |
| phae-, phe-[27] | dark | Greek | φαιός (phaiós) | phaeohyphomycosis, phaeomelanin, pheochrome, pheochromocytoma |
| phag- | eat | Greek | φαγεῖν (phageîn), φαγία (phagía) | autophagosome, autophagy, bacteriophage, dysphagia, esophagitis, geophagia, hematophagy, macrophage, odynophagia, phagocyte, phagocytosis, phagolysosome, phagophilia, phagophobia, phagosome, phagy, polyphagia, pseudodysphagia, sarcophagus |
| phalang-[28] | close formation of troops, finger bones | Greek | φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος (phálangos) | aphalangia, phalanges, phalanx |
| phalar-[29] | having a patch of white | Greek | φάλαρος (phálaros)[30] | phalarope |
| pharmac-[31] | drug, medicine | Greek | φάρμακον (phármakon) | alexipharmic, pharmaceutics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, pharmacophobia, pharmacy |
| phan-, phen-[32] | to show, visible | Greek | φαίνειν (phaínein), φαντός (phantós), φαινόμενον (phainómenon), φάσις (phásis) | diaphanous, emphasis, epiphany, fantasy, phanerozoic, phantasm, phantom, phase, phene, phenetic, phenology, phenomenon, phenotype, photic, prophase, sycophant, telophase, theophany, tryptophan |
| pheb-, phob-[33] | fear | Greek | φέβεσθαι (phébesthai), φόβος (phóbos), φοβέω | autophobia, hydrophobia, panphobia, phobophobia |
| pher-, phor-[34] | bear, carry | Greek | φέρειν (phérein), φορά (phorá), φόρος (phóros) | adiaphora, adiaphorism, anaphor, metaphor, pheromone, phoresis, phoresy, phosphor, prosphora, pyrophoric |
| pheug-, phyg-[35] (ΦΥΓ) | flee | Greek | φεύγειν (pheúgein), φυγή, φυγάς, φυγάδος (phugás, phugádos) "fugitive", φυγαδικός | apophyge, hypophyge |
| phil-, -phile[36] | love, friendship | Greek | φίλος (phílos), φιλικός (philikós), φιλεῖν (phileîn), φιλία (philía), φίλτρον (phíltron) | bibliophile, heterophil, hydrophile, paraphilia, philanthropy, philharmonic, philophobia, philosophy, philter, philtre, philtrum |
| phim-[37] | muzzle | Greek | φῑμός (phīmós), φιμοῦν (phimoûn), φιμωτικός, φίμωσις (phímōsis) | paraphimosis, phimosis, phimotic |
| phleb-[38] | vein | Greek | φλέψ, φλεβός (phléps, phlebós), φλέβιον | phlebitis, phlebography, phlebosclerosis, phlebotomist, phlebotomize, phlebotomy, thrombophlebitis |
| phleg-, phlog-[39] | burn, heat, inflammation | Greek | φλέγειν (phlégein), φλέγμα (phlégma), φλόξ (phlóx) "flame" | phlegm, phlegmasia, phlegmatic, phlegmon, phlegmonous, phlogistic, phlogiston, Phlox |
| phloe-[40] | tree bark | Greek | φλοιός (phloiós) | hypophloeodic, phlobaphene, phloem, phloeophagy |
| phlog- | ||||
| phob- | fear | Greek | φόβος (phóbos) | acrophobia, arachnophobia, claustrophobia, ergophobia, homophobia, hydrophobia, zeusophobia |
| phon-[41] | sound | Greek | φωνή (phōnḗ), φωνητικός (phōnētikós), φώνημα (phṓnēma) | acrophonic, acrophony, allophone, antiphon, antiphony, aphonia, aphonic, apophony, archiphoneme, cacophony, diaphony, diplophonia, dysphonia, euphonic, euphonious, euphonize, euphony, heterophonic, heterophony, homophone, homophonous, homophony, hypophonesis, ideophone, idiophone, isophone, logophonetic, megaphone, microphone, misophonia, monophonic, monophony, morphophonology, phonaesthesia, phonaesthetics, phone, phonemic, phonesthemic, phonetic, phonetics, phonics, phonogram, phonograph, phonology, phonophobia, phonosemantics, phonotactics, polyphonic, polyphony, stereophonic, symphonic, symphony, telephonic, telephony |
| phos-, phot- | light | Greek | φῶς, φωτός (phōtós) | aphotic, biophoton, cataphote, diphoton, euphotic, microphotograph, phosphor, phosphorus, photic, photo, photobiology, photocatalysis, photochromism, photoelectric, photogenic, photogram, photograph, photography, photolysis, photometer, photometric, photometry, photon, photoperiod, photophobia, photophone, photophore, photopic, photoptarmosis, photosynthesis, phototaxis, phototherapy, phototroph, telephoto |
| phrag-[42] (ΦΡΑΓ) | fence | Greek | φράσσειν (phrássein), φράξις (phráxis), φράγμα (phrágma) | diaphragm |
| phren-, phron-[43] | mind | Greek | φρήν, φρενός (phrḗn, phrenós) | euneirophrenia, euphrasy, Euphrosyne, frantic, frenetic, frenzy, oneirophrenia, phrenetic, -phrenia, phrenic, phrenitis, phrenology, phronema, phronesis, phronetic, schizophrenia, sophrosyne |
| phryn-[44] | toad, toad-like | Greek | φρύνη (phrúnē) | Phrynobatrachus |
| phtheg-[45] | utter | Greek | φθέγγεσθαι (phthéngesthai), φθεγκτός, φθεγκτικός, φθέγξις, φθέγμα, φθέγματος (phthégma, phthégmatos), φθεγματικός, φθόγγος (phthóngos), φθογγή | apophthegm, apophthegmatic, diphthong, diphthongize, monophthong, monophthongize |
| phyc-[46] | seaweed | Greek | φῦκος, φύκεος (phûkos, phúkeos) | phycology, Phycomyces, schizophyceous |
| phyl- | tribe | Greek | φύλον (phúlon) | phylogenetics, phylum |
| phyll-[47] | leaf | Greek | φύλλον (phúllon) | chlorophyll, phyllotaxis |
| phys-[48] | bladder | Greek | φῦσα (phûsa) | physogastric, physostomous, Triplophysa |
| physi- | nature | Greek | φύσις (phúsis) | physics, physician |
| physalid- | bladder | Greek | φυσαλ(λ)ίς (phusal(l)is) | physalis |
| phyt- | plant | Greek | φύειν (phúein), φυτόν (phutón) | archaeophyte, autophyte, bryophyte, dermatophyte, neophyte, phytonym, phytoplankton |
| pi- | kind, devout, pity | Latin | pius | expiate, impious, piety, pious, pity |
| pic- | pitch | Latin | pix, picis | piceous |
| piez-[49] | squeeze | Greek | πιέζειν (piézein), πιεστός (piestós), πίεσις, πίεσμα, πίεσματος, πιεστήρ | isopiestic, piezochromism, piezoelectric, piezometer |
| pil- | hair | Latin | pilus | depilatory, epilator |
| pil- | pillar, ball | Latin | pila | pile, pill, pillar, pillory |
| pin-[50] (ΠΟ) | drink | Greek | πίνειν (pínein), πῶμα | pinocytosis |
| pin- | pine | Latin | pinus | pineal gland |
| ping-, pict- | paint | Latin | pingere, pictus | depiction, picture, pigment |
| pingu- | fat | Latin | pinguis | Pinguicula, pinguitude |
| pir-[51] | try | Greek | πεῖρα, πείρας (peîra, peíras), πειρᾶν (peirân), πειρατής (peiratḗs), πειρατικός (peiratikós), (peirāteía), πειράζω, πείρασις, πειρασμός | antipiracy, apeirogon, apeirohedron, piracy, pirate, piratic |
| pir- | pear | Latin | pirus | piriformis muscle |
| pisc- | fish | Latin | piscis | Pisces, piscivore |
| pis-[52] | pea | Greek | πίσος (písos) | pisoid, pisolite |
| pithec-[53] | ape, monkey | Greek | πίθηκος (píthēkos) | australopithecine, Australopithecus, caenopithecine |
| plac-[54] | plain, plate, tablet | Greek | πλάξ, πλακός (pláx, plakós) | Aplacophora, placenta, placode |
| plac- | calm | Latin | placare, placatus | implacable, placable, placate, please, supple |
| plac-, plea- | please | Latin | placēre, placitus | complacent, complaisant, displease, placebo, placid, plea, please, pleasure |
| plag-[55] | oblique | Greek | πλάγος (plágos), πλάγιος (plágios), πλαγιότης | plage, plagiocephaly, plagioclase, plagiotropic, playa |
| plan-[56] | wander | Greek | πλάνος, πλανάομαι, πλανᾶσθαι (planâsthai), (planáein), πλανητός (planētós), πλανήτης (planḗtēs) | aplanetic, aplanogamete, aplanospore, exoplanet, planet, planetoid, planetonym, planoblast, planogamete, planospore, protoplanet |
| plan- | flat | Latin | plānus | applanate, applanation, aquaplane, complanar, complanate, coplanar, coplanarity, deplanate, deplane, emplane, esplanade, explain, explanation, explanatory, peneplain, pianissimo, piano, pianoforte, plain, plaintext, plan, planar, planarian, planary, planate, planation, plane, planification, planiform, planish, planula, planular, planulate |
| plang-, planct- | strike, beat; lament, mourn | Latin | plangere, planctus | plangent |
| plas-[57] | mould | Greek | πλάσσειν (plássein), πλαστός (plastós), πλαστικός (plastikós), πλάσις (plásis), πλάσμα, πλάσματος (plásma, plásmatos), πλάθω (pláthō) | plasma, plastic, plastique, plastochron, plastromancy, plastron, prosoplasia, protoplasm, pseudoplastic, symplast |
| plat-[58] | flat, broad | Greek | πλατύς (platús), πλατεῖα (plateîa) | piazza, place, plaice, plateau, platitude, platyhelminth, platypus, Platyrrhini, platysma, Platyzoa, plaza |
| plaud-, -plod-, plaus-, -plos- | approve, clap | Latin | plaudere, plausus | applaud, applause, explode, explosion, implode, plaudits, plausible |
| ple-[59] (ΠΛΕ) | fill, full | Greek | πιμπλάναι (pimplánai), πλέως/πλέος, πλειότερος, πλειότης, πλήρης (plḗrēs), πληρόω, πλήρωσις (plḗrōsis), πλήρωμα (plḗrōma), πλήθειν (plḗthein), πλῆθος (plêthos), πληθύς, πληθύω, πληθύνω (plēthúnō), πληθυντικός, πληθώρα/πληθώρη (plēthṓra), πληθωρικός (plēthōrikós), πληθυσμός (plēthusmós) | pleroma, plethodontid, plethora, plethoric, plethysm, plethysmograph, plethysmometry |
| ple-[60] | sail, swim | Greek | πλεῖν (pleîn), πλεῦσις (pleûsis), πλόος | pleon, pleopod, pleuston |
| ple-, plet- | fill | Latin | plere | complement, complete, deplete, implement, replete, suppletion, supply |
| pleb- | people | Latin | plebs, plebis | plebeian, plebs |
| plec-, ploc-[61] | plait, interweave | Greek | πλέκειν (plékein), πλεκτός (plektós), πλεκτικός (plektikós), πλέξις (pléxis), πλέγμα (plégma), πλοκή (plokḗ), πλόκος | plectics, plexogenic, ploce, symplectic, symplectomorphism, symploce |
| plect-, plex- | plait | Latin | plectere, plexus | perplex |
| pleg-[62] (ΠΛΗΓ) | strike | Greek | πλήσσειν (plḗssein), πληκτός (plēktós), πλήκτης, πληγή (plēgḗ), πλῆξις (plêxis), πλῆγμα, πλήκτης, πλῆκτρον | apoplectic, apoplexy, cataplectic, cataplexy, hemiplegia, monoplegia, paraplegia, plectrum, pleximeter, tetraplegia |
| plen- | full | Latin | plenus | plenary, plenitude, plenty, replenish |
| plesi- | near | Greek | πλησίος (plēsíos), πλησιότης (plēsiótēs) | plesiosaur |
| pleth- | ||||
| pleur-[63] | rib, side | Greek | πλευρά (pleurá), πλευρόν (pleurón) | metapleural, pleura, pleurisy, pleuritis, pleurodynia, pleuron |
| plic- | fold | Latin | plicare, plicatus | appliance, applicability, applicable, applicant, applicate, application, applicative, applicator, applicatory, appliqué, apply, centuplicate, centuplication, complicacy, complicant, complicate, complication, complice, complicity, conduplicate, conduplication, duplication, explicate, explicit, implicate, implicit, imply, plait, pleat, pliable, pliant, plight, ply, replica, replicate, replication, replicative, replicator, reply, splay, subduplicate, supplicant, supplicate, supplication, triplicate, triplicity |
| plinth-[64] | brick | Greek | πλίνθος (plínthos) | plinth, Plinthograptis |
| ploc- | ||||
| plor- | cry out, complain | Latin | plorare | deplorable, deploration, deplore, exploration, exploratory, explore, imploration, imploratory, implore |
| plu- | rain | Latin | pluere, see also pluvia | pluvial |
| plum- | feather | Latin | pluma | plumage, plumate |
| plumb- | lead | Latin | plumbum | plumber |
| plur-, plus- | more | Latin | plus, pluris | double, plural, pluralist, plus, quadruple, surplus, triple |
| plurim- | most | Latin | plurimus | plurimal |
| plut-[65] | wealth | Greek | πλοῦτος (ploûtos) | ploutonion, plutarchy, plutocracy, plutocrat, plutolatry, plutomania, plutonomics, Plutus |
| pne-[66] | blow, breathe, lung | Greek | πνεῖν (pneîn), πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn) | anapnograph, anapnoic, apnea, apnoea, dyspnoea, pleuropneumonia, pneumatic, pneumatology, pneumonia, pneumonic, pneumotaxic |
| pnig-, pnict-[67] | choke | Greek | πνίγειν (pnígein), πνῖγος, πνῖγμα, πνιγμός, πνικτός, πνικτικός | pnictide, pnictogen |
| po-, pin-[68] (ΠΟ) | drink | Greek | πίνειν (pínein), πόσις, πῶμα | pinocytosis, pinosome, symposium |
| pod-[69] | foot | Greek | πούς, ποδός (podós), ποδικός (podikós), ποδία (podía), πόδιον (pódion), πέδον (pédon), πεδίον, πέζα | amphipod, antipode, decapod, podiatry, podium, podomancy, podomere, podopaediatric, polyp, polyposis, sympodium, tetrapod, tripod |
| pogon-[70] | beard | Greek | πώγων, πώγωνος (pṓgōn, pṓgōnos), πωγωνίας (pōgōnías) | pogonia, pogoniasis, pogonology, pogonophobia, pogonotrophy, Triplopogon |
| poie-, poe-[71] | make | Greek | ποιϝέω, ποιεῖν (poieîn), ποιητός (poiētós) "made", ποιητικός (poiētikós), ποίησις (poíēsis), ποίημα (poíēma), ποιητής (poiētḗs) "maker" | allopoiesis, autopoiesis, onomatopoeia, piyyut, poem, poesy, poet, poetaster, poetic, poiesis |
| pol-[72] | pole | Greek | πόλος (pólos) | dipole, polar |
| pole-[73] | sell | Greek | πωλεῖν (pōleîn), πώλησις, πώλης "seller" | duopoly, monopolist, monopolize, monopoly, oligopolist, oligopoly |
| polem-[74] | war | Greek | πολεμεῖν (polemeîn), πόλεμος (pólemos), πολεμικός (polemikós) | polemarch, polemic, polemology |
| poli-[75] | city | Greek | πόλις, πόλιος (pólis, pólios), πολίτης (polítēs), πολιτικός (politikós) | acropolis, biopolitics, cosmopolis, cosmopolitan, Decapolis, ecumenopolis, eperopolis, geopolitics, heptapolis, hexapolis, isopolity, megalopolis, megapolis, metropolis, pentapolis, police, policy, polis, politeia, politic, politicize, politics, politologist, politology, politonym, polity, propolis, tetrapolis, Tripoli |
| poli-[76] | gray, grey | Greek | πολιός (poliós), πολιότης | poliomyelitis, poliosis |
| poll-[77] | many | Greek | πολλός (pollós) |
|
| pollic- | thumb | Latin | pollex, pollicis | pollicate |
| pollin- | fine flour | Latin | pollen, pollinis | pollination |
| poly-[78] | many | Greek | πολύς (polús), πολλός (pollós), πολλότης (pollótēs), πολλάκις (pollákis) "many times", πολλαπλάσιος/πολυπλάσιος, πλείων (pleíōn) "more", πλεῖστος (pleîstos) "most", πολλοστός (pollostós) | hoi polloi, pollakanth, polyadic, polyandry, polygamy, polygon, polyphase, polysaccharide, polytheistic |
| pomp- | ||||
| pomph-[79] | blister | Greek | πομφός (pomphós), πομφόλυξ | podopompholyx, pompholyx |
| pon-, posit- | put | Latin | ponere, positus | apposite, apropos, component, depose, deposit, exponent, expose, expound, impose, impound, opponent, position, positive, postpone, posture, propone, proponent, proposition, propound, repose |
| ponder- | weight | Latin | pondus, ponderis, ponderare | ponder, preponderance |
| pont- | bridge | Latin | pons, pontis | pontoon |
| popul- | people | Latin | populus, populare | population, popular, populous |
| por-[80] | passage | Greek | πόρος (póros), πορεύω, πορίζειν (porízein), πόρισμα (pórisma) | aporetic, aporia, emporium, gonopore, ozopore, polypore, pore, porism, porismatic |
| porc- | pig | Latin | porcus | porcine, pork |
| porn-[81] | prostitute | Greek | πόρνη (pórnē) | pornographic, pornography |
| porphyr-[82] | purple | Greek | πορφύρα (porphúra) | porphyrin, porphyritic, porphyrophobia, porphyry |
| port- | carry | Latin | portare "to carry", porta "gate" | comportment, deport, export, import, port, portable, portage, portal, porter, portfolio, purport, rapport, report, support, transport |
| portion- | part, share | Latin | portio | portion, proportion |
| post- | after, behind | Latin | post | posterior, posterity, postscript |
| pot- | power | Latin | potere "be powerful", from potis "powerful, able" | despot, impotent, possess, potent, potentate, potential, power |
| pot- | drink | Latin | potus, potare | potable, potion |
| potam-[83] | river | Greek | ποταμός (potamós) | autopotamic, hippopotamus, Mesopotamia, potamic, potamodromous, potamology, potamonym, potamophobia, potamoplankton |
| prag-[84] | do | Greek | πράσσειν (prássein), πράττειν (práttein), πρασσόμενον, πρακτός (praktós), πρακτικός (praktikós), (prāktikḗ), πρᾶξις (prâxis), πρᾶγμα (prâgma) | apraxia, dyspraxia, parapraxis, practic, practice, pragma, pragmatic, pragmatism, pragmatist, praxis |
| pras-[85] | leek | Greek | πράσον (práson), πράσινος (prásinos) "leek-green", πρασιά | chrysoprase, prasinous, prasinophobia |
| prat- | meadow | Latin | pratum |
|
| prav- | crooked | Latin | pravus | depravity |
| pre- | before | Latin | prae | previous |
| prec- | pray | Latin | precāri "to ask, beg, pray", from prex "prayer" | deprecation, imprecation, pray, prayer, precarious |
| pred- | prey | Latin | praedari "plunder", from praeda "prey" | depredate, predation, predator, predatory, prey |
| prehend-, prend-, prehens- | grasp | Latin | prehendere, prehensus | apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, enterprise, prehensility, prehension, prey, prison, prize, reprehend, surprise |
| prem-, -prim-, press- | press | Latin | premere, pressus | compress, compression, compressor, depress, depression, depressive, espresso, express, expression, expressive, impress, impression, impressive, imprimatur, imprint, oppress, oppression, oppressive, oppressor, press, pressure, print, repress, repression, repressive, reprimand, suppress, suppression, suppressor |
| presby-[86] | old | Greek | πρέσβυς (présbus), πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros), (presbutérion) | archpresbyter, presbyter, Presbyterianism, presbyterium, presbytery, priest, protopresbyter |
| preter- | past | Latin | praeter | preterite, pretermission |
| preti- | price | Latin | pretium, pretiare |
|
| pri-[87] | saw | Greek | πρίειν (príein), πρῖσις (prîsis), πρίων, πρίονος (príōn, príonos) | prion |
| priap-[88] | Greek | πριάπος | priapism, Priapus | |
| prim- | first | Latin | primus | coprime, nonprime, prima facie, primacy, primal, primality, primary, primate, prime, primer, primeval, primine, primitive, primogeniture, primordial, primrose, Primula, semiprime, subprimal, subprime |
| prior- | former | Latin | prior | prior, priority, priory, pristine, repristinate, subprior |
| prism-[89] | to saw, something sawed | Greek | πρίσμα, πρίσματος (prísma, prísmatos), πρισμάτιον (prismátion) | antiprism, prism, prismatic, prismatoid |
| priv- | own | Latin | privus, privare, privatus | deprivation, deprive, privacy, private, privateer, privation, privative, privilege, privity, privy, semiprivate |
| pro-[90] | before, in front of | Greek | πρό (pró), πρότερος (próteros) "former", πρῶτος (prôtos) | prologue, prostate, prow |
| pro- | for, forward | Latin | pro | procrastinate, propel, propulsion |
| prob- | worthy, good | Latin | probare "prove to be worthy", probus | approbation, approve, disapprobation, opprobrium, probable, probation, probe, probity, proof, prove, reprobate, reprove |
| proct-[91] | anus | Greek | πρωκτός (prōktós) | Ectoprocta, Entoprocta, epiproct, hypoproct, paraproct, periproct, proctalgia, proctology |
| prodig- | waste | Latin | prodigus "wasteful", from prodigere "drive away, waste" | prodigal, prodigality |
| prodig- | prodigy | Latin | prodigium "prodigy" | prodigious, prodigy |
| propri- | property; one's own | Latin | proprietas "appropriateness, property, ownership", from proprius "one's own" | appropriate, proper, property, proprietary, proprietor, propriety |
| pros-[92] | forth, forward | Greek | πρός (prós), πρόσθεν (prósthen), πρόσθιος (prósthios) | prosenchyma, prosophobia, prosthesis, prosthion |
| prosop-[93] | face | Greek | πρόσωπον (prósōpon) | aprosopia, diprosopus, prosopography, prosoponym, prosopopoeia, prosopospasm |
| prot-[94] | first | Greek | πρῶτος (prôtos) [note 1] | amphiprotic, antiproton, protagonist, protanomaly, protanopia, protein, protist, protocol, proton, protoplasm, prototype, Protozoa |
| proter-[95] | former | Greek | πρό (pró), πρότερος (próteros), προτερέω | Proterozoic |
| proxim- | nearest | Latin | proximus, proximare | approximate, proximity |
| prun- | plum | Latin | prunus | prune |
| psa-[96] | rub | Greek | ψᾶν (psân), ψαφαρός, ψήχειν, (psēstós) | palimpsest |
| psall-[97] | pluck | Greek | ψάλλειν (psállein), ψαλμός (psalmós) | psalm, psalmodicon, psalmody, psalter, psaltery, psaltikon |
| psamath- | sand | Greek |
|
|
| psamm- | sand | Greek | ψάμμος (psámmos), ψάμαθος (psámathos) | psammite, psammitic, psammoma, psammophile, Psammophis, psammophyte, psammosere, psammous |
| pseph- | pebble | Greek | ψάω, ψῆφος (psêphos), ψηφίζειν (psēphízein) | isopsephy, psephite, psephitic, psephocracy, psephology |
| pseud-[98] | false | Greek | ψεύδω, ψεῦδος (pseûdos) | pseudonym |
| pseud- | false | Greek | ψεύδομαι, ψευδής (pseudḗs) | pseudonym |
| psil-[99] | bare | Greek | ψιλοῦν (psiloûn), ψιλός (psilós), ψιλότης, ψίλωσις (psílōsis) | epsilon, psilanthropism, psilanthropy, psilocybin, psilosis, psilotic, upsilon |
| psithyr-[100] | whisper | Greek | ψίθυρος, ψιθυρίζω, ψιθυρισμός | Psithyrisma |
| psittac-[101] | parrot | Greek | ψιττακός, ψιττακοῦ (psittakós, psittakoû) | psittacine, psittacism, psittacosis |
| psoph-[102] | noise | Greek | ψόφος (psóphos), ψοφεῖν, ψοφητικός, ψόφησις, ψόφημα, ψοφοειδής | Psophiidae, Psophocichla, psophometer, psophometric |
| psor-[103] | itch | Greek | ψωρός (psōrós), ψώρα (psṓra), ψωριᾶν (psōriân), (psōríāsis) | psora, psoriasis, psoric, psorosis |
| psych-[104] | mind | Greek | ψύχειν (psúkhein), ψυχή (psukhḗ), ψυχικός (psukhikós) | hylopsychism, panpsychism, psyche, psychedelia, psychedelic, psychiatry, psychic, psychoanalysis, psychologist, psychology, psychopathic, psychopathy, psychopomp, psychosis, psychotherapy, psychotic, psychoticism |
| psychr-[105] | cold | Greek | ψύχω, ψυχρός (psukhrós), ψυχρότης | psychroalgia, psychrometer, psychrophile, psychrophilic, psychrophily |
| pter-[106] | wing | Greek | πτερόν, πτεροῦ (pterón, pteroû), πτέρυξ, πτέρυγος (ptérux, ptérugos), (pterugōtós), πτερίσκος | apterous, apterygote, archaeopteryx, brachypterous, brachyptery, Chiroptera, chiropterologist, Endopterygota, exopterygote, helicopter, hemipterous, heteropterous, homopterous, Neoptera, peripteros, pterodactyl, pteron, pteropod, pterosaur, pterostigma, pterygote, tetrapterous |
| pterid-[107] | fern | Greek | πτερίς, πτερίδος (pterís, pterídos) | pteridology, pteridophyte, pteridosperm |
| pto-[108] | fall | Greek | πίπτειν (píptein), πτωτός (ptōtós), πτωτικός (ptōtikós), πτῶσις (ptôsis), πτῶμα, πτῶματος (ptôma, ptômatos) | anaptotic, asymptomatic, apoptosis, peripeteia, peripety, polyptoton, proptosis, proptotic, ptomaine, ptosis, ptotic, symptom, symptomatic, symptosis |
| ptoch-[109] | poor | Greek | πτωχός (ptōkhós), πτωχότης | ptochocracy, ptochology |
| pty-[110] | spit | Greek | πτύειν, πτύον (ptúon), πτύσις (ptúsis), πτύαλον | hemoptysis, ptyalin, pyoptysis |
| ptych-[111] | fold, layer | Greek | πτύσσειν (ptússein), πτύγμα (ptúgma), πτύξ (ptúx), πτυχός (ptukhós), πτυχή (ptukhḗ) | anaptyctic, anaptyxis, diptych, heptaptych, hexaptych, octaptych, pentaptych, polyptych, tetraptych, triptych |
| pub- | sexually mature | Latin | pubes, puberis | pubescent, pubic |
| public- | public | Latin | publicus | publication, publicity |
| pude- | shame | Latin | pudere | impudent, pudendum, repudiate |
| pug-, pugn- | fight | Latin | pugnare "to fight", from pugnus "fist" | impugn, pugilism, pugnacious, repugnant |
| pulchr- | beautiful | Latin | pulcher, pulchri | pulchritude |
| pulmon- | lung | Latin | pulmo, pulmonis | pulmonary |
| pulver- | dust | Latin | pulvis, pulveris | pulverize |
| pung-, punct- | prick | Latin | pungere, punctus | acupuncture, expunge, poignant, point, punch, punctual, punctuation, puncture, pungent |
| pup- | doll | Latin | pupa | pupa, pupate, puppet |
| pur- | pure | Latin | purare "to purify", from purus "pure" | impurity, pure, puree, purge, purify, purity |
| purg- | cleanse | Latin | purgare | expurgate, purgatory, purge |
| purpur- | purple | Latin | purpura | purpurate, purpureal |
| put- | prune, reckon | Latin | putāre | amputation, compute, dispute, impute, putative, reputation |
| py-[112] | pus | Greek | πύον (púon), (pyeîn) | empyema, pyemia, pyemesis, pyesis, pyocyst, pyogenesis, pyorrhea, pyorrhoea, pyosis, pyoureter |
| pyel-[113] | trough | Greek | πύελος (púelos), πυελίς | pyelectasis, pyelitis, pyelogram, pyelography, pyelonephritis, pyeloscopy |
| pyg-[114] | rump | Greek | πυγή (pugḗ) | callipygian, pygopagus, pygostyle, steatopygia |
| pyl-[115] | gate | Greek | πύλη (púlē), πυλών, πυλῶνος (pulṓn, pulōnos) | apopyle, micropyle, propylaea, prosopyle, pylon, pyloric, pylorus, tetrapylon, Thermopylae |
| pyr-[116] | fire | Greek | πύρ, πυρός (púr, purós), πυρά (purá), πυρότης, πυρετός, πυρέττειν | antipyretic, Empyreuma, pyre, pyrite, pyroclastic, pyrolysis, pyromancy, pyromania, pyromaniac, pyrometric, pyrophobia, pyrophoric, pyrosis, pyrosome, pyrotechnic |
| pyramid-[117] | Greek | πυραμίς, πυραμίδος | dipyramid, pyramid, pyramidion | |
| pyrrh-[118] | flame-colored | Greek | πῦρ, πυρρός, πυρρότης, πυρράζω | pyrrhic |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| quadr- | four | Latin | quattuor | quadrangle, quadrennial, quadriceps, quadrifarious, quadrifid, quadrifolium, quadrifrons, quadrilateral, quadrilingual, quadriliteral, quadrillion, quadrimester, quadrinational, quadrinodal, quadrinomial, quadrinominal, quadripara, quadrireme, quadrisection, quadrivalent, quadrivium, quadruped, quadruple, quadruplet, quadruplex, quadruplicate, quatrain, quatre, quatrefoil |
| quadragen- | forty each | Latin | quadrageni | quadragenarian, quadragenary |
| quadragesim- | fortieth | Latin | quadragesimus | Quadragesima, quadragesimal |
| quart- | fourth | Latin | quartus | inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarte, quarter, quartermaster, quartet, quartic, quartile, quartine, quarto, semiquartile |
| quasi- | as if, almost | Latin | quasi | quasar, quasiparticle |
| quatern- | four each | Latin | quaternī | biquaternion, quatern, quaternary, quaternate, quaternion, quaternity, quire |
| quati-, -cuti-, quass-, -cuss- | shake | Latin | quatere | cassate, cassation, concussion, concussive, conquassate, decussation, discuss, discussion, discussive, discutient, excuss, excussio, excussion, fracas, percuss, percussion, percussive, percussor, quash, quassation, recussion, repercussion, rescue, squash, squassation, subconcussive, succuss, succussation, succussion, succussive |
| quer-, -quir-, quesit-, -quisit- | search, seek | Latin | quaerere, quaesītus | acquest, acquire, acquiree, acquirement, acquisite, acquisition, acquisitive, acquisitory, conquer, conquest, corequisite, disquisition, exquire, exquisite, inquest, inquire, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, inquisitor, inquisitorial, inquisitory, perquisite, perquisition, prerequisite, quaere, quaestor, query, quest, question, questionable, questionary, questionnaire, questor, reconquer, reconquest, request, require, requirement, requisite, requisition, requisitive, requisitor, requisitory |
| qui- | rest | Latin | quies, quiētus | acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, inquietude, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietude, quietus, quit, requiem, requiescat |
| quin- | five each | Latin | quini | biquinary, quinarius, quinary, quinate |
| quindecim- | fifteenth | Latin | quindecimus | quindecimal |
| quinden- | fifteen each | Latin | quindeni | quindenary |
| quinque- | five | Latin | quinque | cinquain, cinque, quinquefoil, quinquennial, quinquennium, quinquepartite, quinquevalent |
| quint- | fifth | Latin | quintus | biquintile, quint, quinta, quintal, quintan, quintant, quintary, quinte, quintessence, quintessential, quintic, quintile, quintipara, quintus, semiquintile |
| quot- | how many, how great | Latin | quotiens | quota, quotient, subquotient |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rad-, ras- | scrape, shave | Latin | rādere, rāsus | abrade, abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, nonabrasive, radula, radular, raduliform, rase, rash, rasorial, raster, rasure, subradular |
| radi- | beam, spoke | Latin | radius, radiāre | radiance, radiation |
| radic- | root | Latin | rādix, rādīcis | eradicate, radical, radix |
| ram- | branch | Latin | rāmus | ramification, rammel, ramose, ramous, ramulose, ramulous |
| ran- | frog | Latin | rāna | Rana |
| ranc- | rancidness, grudge, bitterness | Latin | rancere | rancid, rancor |
| rap- | rob, seize | Latin | rapere, raptus | arreption, arreptitious, enrapt, enrapture, rapacious, rapacity, rape, rapid, rapidity, rapine, rapt, raptio, raptor, raptorial, rapture, rapturous, raptus, ravenous, ravine, ravish, subreption, subreptitious, surreptitious |
| rap- | turnip | Latin | rāpum | rapeseed |
| raph-[119] | sew, seam | Greek | ῥάπτειν (rháptein), ῤαφή (raphḗ) | raphae, raphe |
| rar- | rare | Latin | rārus | rarity |
| rauc- | harsh, hoarse | Latin | raucus | raucous |
| re-, red- | again, back | Latin | re- | recede, redact |
| rect-, reg-, -rig- | straight, direct | Latin | regere "to direct, lead straight, guide", related rectus "straight, right" | correct, direct, dirigible, erect, erection, ergo, rectangle, rectify, rectitude, rectum, regent, regime, regimen, regiment, region, surge |
| reg-, rex- | king | Latin | rex (genitive regis) | regal, regency, regicide, Regis, regulation, reign, rex, royal |
| regul- | rule | Latin | rēgula "to rule" | regular, regulate, regulation, rule |
| rem- | oar | Latin | rēmus | bireme, trireme |
| ren- | kidney | Latin | rēnēs | renal |
| rep-, rept- | crawl, creep | Latin | rēpere, reptus | reptile |
| resid- | left behind | Latin | residere "remain behind" (see also sedere) | reside, residence, resident, residual, residue |
| ret- | net | Latin | rēte | reticle, retina |
| retro- | backward, behind | Latin | retrō | retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus |
| rhabd-[120] | rod | Greek | ῥάβδος (rhábdos) | Rhabdodon, rhabdoid, rhabdom, rhabdomancy, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyosarcoma |
| rhach-, rach- [121] | spine | Greek | ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rhákhis, rhákheōs) | rachipagus, rachis, rachischisis, rhachiodont, rhachis |
| rhag-, rheg-[122] | rend, tear | Greek | ῥηγνύναι (rhēgnúnai), ῥαγίζω, ῥῆξις (rhêxis), ῥῆγμα (rhêgma) | bronchorrhagia, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, regma, rhagades, rhegma, rhegmatogenous, rhexis |
| rhe-[123] | flow | Greek | ῥεῖν (rheîn), ῥυτός (rhutós), ῥύσις (rhúsis), ῥεῦμα (rheûma), ῥοία (rhoía), ῥυθμός (rhuthmós) | antiarrhythmic, arrhythmia, arrhythmic, diarrhoea, dysrhythmia, endorheic, eurhythmia, eurhythmic, eurhythmy, gonorrhoea, hemorrhea, logorrhea, polyrhythm, rheology, rheometer, rheostat, rheum, rheumatic, rheumatism, rheumatoid, rheumatology, rhythm, rhythmic, rhyton |
| rhetin-[124] | resin | Greek | ῥητίνη (rhētínē), ῥητινώδης, ῥητινόω | retinite |
| rhig-[125] | chill | Greek | ῥῖγος (rhîgos) | rhigosaurus |
| rhin-[126] | nose, snout | Greek | ῥίς, ῥινός (rhís, rhinós) | catarrhine, haplorhine, platyrrhine, rhinoceros, rhinophyma, rhinoplasty, strepsirrhine |
| rhiz-[127] | root | Greek | ῥίζα (rhíza), ῥιζοῦν (rhizoûn), ῥίζωμα (rhízōma) | ectomycorrhiza, rhizoid, rhizomatous, rhizome, rhizomorph, rhizomorphous, rhizophagous, rhizophagy, Rhizopogon, Rhizopus, rhizosphere |
| rho-[128] | R, r | Greek | Ρ, ρ, ῥῶ (rhô) | rho, rhotacism, rhotacize, rhotic |
| rhod-[129] | rose | Greek | ῥόδον (rhódon) | rhododendron, rhodophyte, rhodopsin, rhodophobia |
| rhomb- | spinning top | Greek | ῥόμβος (rhómbos) | orthorhombic, rhomb, rhombic, rhomboid, rhombus, rhumb |
| rhynch-[130] | snout | Greek | ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos) | Oncorhynchus, Rhynchobatus, rhynchophore |
| rid-, ris- | laugh | Latin | ridere "to laugh" (past participle risus) | deride, derision, ridicule, ridiculous, risible |
| robor- | oak, strength | Latin | rōborāre "to strengthen", from rōbur, rōbus "strength" | corroborant, corroborate, corroboration, corroborative, corroborator, robust |
| rod-, ros- | gnaw | Latin | rōdere, rōsus | corrode, erosion, rodent |
| rog- | ask | Latin | rogāre | abrogate, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogation, derogatory, interrogation, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogue, surrogate |
| rostr- | beak, prow | Latin | rōstrum | brevirostrate, curvirostral, lamellirostral, rostellate, rostelliform, rostellum, rostral, rostrate, rostriform, rostrulum, rostrum |
| rot- | wheel | Latin | rota, rotāre | arrondissement, circumrotation, contrarotation, control, controller, decontrol, enroll, enrollee, enrollment, irrotational, multirole, multiroll, redondilla, reenroll, rodeo, role, roll, rondeau, rondel, rondelle, rondo, rotary, rotate, rotation, rotational, rotator, rotatory, rotavirus, rotelle, rotifer, Rotifera, rotiferous, rotiform, rotula, rotund, rotunda, rotundifolious, rotundity, roulette, round, roundel, roundelay, roundlet, rowel, semiround |
| ruber-, rubr- | red | Latin | ruber | erubescence, erubescent, rubella, Rubio, rubious, rubric, rubricate, rubrication, rubricator, ruby |
| rudi- | unskilled, rough, unlearned | Latin | rudis | erudite, erudition, rude, rudiment, rudimentary, rudity |
| rug- | wrinkle | Latin | rūga, rugare | corrugant, corrugate, corrugation, erugate, rugose |
| rumin- | throat | Latin | rūmen, rūminis | rumen, rumenic acid, ruminal, ruminant, ruminate, rumination, ruminator |
| rump-, rupt- | break, burst | Latin | rumpere, ruptus | abrupt, abruption, corrupt, corruptible, corruption, corruptor, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, disruptor, disrupture, erumpent, erupt, eruption, eruptive, incorrupt, incorruptibility, incorruptible, interrupt, interruptible, interruption, irrupt, irruption, irruptive, maleruption, noneruptive, reroute, rout, route, routine, rupture, subroutine, supereruption |
| rur- | countryside, farm | Latin | rūs, rūris | nonrural, roister, roisterous, rural, rustic, rusticate, rustication, rusticity |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sacc-[131] | bag | Greek | σάκκος (sákkos) | sack |
| sacchar-[132] | sugar | Greek | σάκχαρ, σάκχαρον (sákkharon) | disaccharide, heteropolysaccharide, homopolysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, pentasaccharide, polysaccharide, saccharin, trisaccharide |
| sacr-, -secr- | sacred | Latin | sacrare, from sacer (genitive sacri) | consecrate, desecrate, sacrament, sacred, sacrosanct |
| sagac- | wise | Latin | sagax, sagacis | sagacious, sagacity |
| sagitt- | arrow | Latin | sagitta | sagittal plane, Sagittaria |
| sal- | salt | Latin | sal, salis, salere, salarium | salary, salinity |
| sali-, -sili-, salt- | jump | Latin | salire, saltus | assail, assailable, assailant, assailment, assault, assaultive, consilience, desultory, dissilience, dissilient, exult, exultant, exultation, insult, insultation, irresilient, resile, resilement, resilience, resiliency, resilient, result, resultant, salacious, salacity, salience, salient, sally, saltando, saltant, saltation, saltatorial, saltatory, saltigrade, saltire, salto, saltus, sault, sauté, sauteuse, sautille, sautoir, somersault, soubresaut, subsultory, transilience, transilient |
| salic- | willow | Latin | salix, salicis | salicin |
| salping-[133] | trumpet | Greek | σάλπιγξ, σάλπιγγος (sálpinx, sálpingos) | endosalpingiosis, hysterosalpingography, salpiglossis, salpinx |
| salu- | health, welfare | Latin | salus | salubrious, salubrity, salutary, salute |
| salv- | save | Latin | salvus, salvare | salvage, salvation, salve |
| san- | healthy | Latin | sanus | insane, insanity, sanatorium, sane, sanitarian, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanity |
| sanc- | holy | Latin | sancire (past participle sanctus) | sacrosanct, saint, sanctify, sanction, sanctuary |
| sanguin- | blood | Latin | sanguis, sanguinis | consanguinity, sanguinary, sanguine |
| sapi-, -sipi- | taste, wise | Latin | sapere "to have a taste, be wise", related to sapor "taste, flavor" | insipid, insipience, sapient |
| sapon- | soap | Latin | sapo, saponis | saponification |
| sapphir-[134] | a precious stone | Greek from Hebrew | σάπφειρος (sáppheiros) | sapphire, sapphirine |
| sapr-[135] | rotten | Greek | σήπειν, σαπρός (saprós), σαπρότης | sapraemia, saprogenic, saprophagous, saprophyte, saprotrophic |
| sarc-[136] | flesh | Greek | σάρξ, σαρκός (sárx, sarkós) | perisarc, sarcasm, sarcastic, sarcocele, sarcoid, sarcoidosis, sarcoma, sarcophagus, Sarcopterygii, sarcosine, sarcosinemia, sarcosome |
| sarc- | tailor | Latin | sartor "tailor", from sarcire "to mend" | consarcination, sartor, sartorial, sartorius |
| sati- | enough | Latin | satis | asset, sate, satiate, satiety, satisfy, saturate |
| saur-[137] | lizard, reptile | Greek | σαύρα (saúra), σαῦρος (saûros) | dinosaur, Saurischia, sauropod |
| sax- | rock | Latin | saxum | saxatile, saxicavous, saxicoline, saxifrage, saxifragous |
| scab- | scratch | Latin | scabere | scabies |
| scal- | ladder, stairs | Latin | scala | scalar, scale |
| scalen-[138] | uneven | Greek | σκαληνός (skalēnós) | scalene, scalene muscles, scalene triangle, scalenohedron |
| scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens- | climb | Latin | scandere | ascend, ascendency, ascendent, ascension, ascent, condescend, condescendence, condescension, descend, descendent, descension, descent, scansion, transcend, transcendence, transcendent, transcendental |
| scandal- | snare | Greek | σκάνδαλον (skándalon), σκανδαλίζω (skandalízō) | scandal, scandalize |
| scap-[139] | shaft | Greek | σκᾶπος (skâpos) | scape, scapus |
| scaph- | anything hollow, bowl, ship | Greek | σκάφη, σκάφος | Scaphirhynchus, scaphoid bone, scaphopod |
| scat-[140] | dung | Greek | σκῶρ, σκατός (skôr, skatós) | scatemia, scatology, scatoma, scatomancy, scatophagy, scatoscopy |
| sced-[141] | scatter | Greek | σκεδαννύναι (skedannúnai), σκέδασις (skédasis), (skedastós), (skedastikós) | heteroscedastic, homoscedastic |
| scel-[142] | leg, thigh | Greek | σκέλος, σκέλεος (skéleos) | isosceles, triskele, triskelion |
| scen-[143] | booth, tent | Greek | σκηνή (skēnḗ) | parascenium, proscenium, scene, scenic, scenography |
| scept-, scop- | look at, examine, view, observe | Greek | σκέπτεσθαι (sképtesthai), σκέψις (sképsis), σκέμμα, σκεπτικός (skeptikós), σκοπεῖν (skopeîn), σκοπός, σκοποῦ (skopós) | Abroscopus, diascopic, diascopy, endoscope, endoscopic, endoscopy, epidiascope, episcope, episcopic, gastroscopy, kaleidoscope, macroscopic, microscope, microscopic, panendoscopy, periscope, periscopic, scope, scopophobia, skeptic, stereoscopic, stereoscopy, stethoscope, telescope, telescopic, Telescopium |
| schem- | plan | Greek | σχῆμα (skhêma) | schema, schematic, schematism, schematize, scheme |
| schid-[144] (ΣΧΙΔ)[145] | split | Greek | σχίζειν (skhízein), σχιστός (skhistós), σχίσις (skhísis), σχίσμα (skhísma), σχίζα | diaschisis, diaschisma, schisis, schism, schisma, schismatic, schizocarp, schizogamy, schizogony, schizoid, schizophrenia, schizotrichia |
| sci-[146] | shade, shadow | Greek | σκιά (skiá), σκιάς | sciamachy, sciaphobia |
| sci- | know | Latin | scire | conscience, conscious, conscientious, omniscious, omniscient, prescient, science, scienter |
| scind-, sciss- | split | Latin | scindere | rescind, scissors |
| scler-[147] | hard | Greek | σκέλλειν (skéllein), σκληρός (sklērós), σκληρότης (sklērótēs) | sclera, sclerectomy, scleredema, sclereid, sclerema, sclerenchyma, sclerite, scleritis, scleroderma, sclerophyll, sclerophyllous, sclerosis, sclerotic, sclerotium, sclerotize |
| scolec-[148] | worm | Greek | σκώληξ, σκώληκος (skṓlēx, skṓlēkos) | scolex |
| scoli-[149] | crooked | Greek | σκολιός (skoliós), σκολιότης | scoliokyphosis, scoliosis |
| scombr-[150] | mackerel | Greek | σκόμβρος (skómbros) | scombrid, scombroid |
| scop- | Greek |
|
||
| scot-[151] | darkness | Greek | σκότος, σκότου, σκοταῖος | scotobiology, scotochromogen, scotogenic, scotograph, scotoma, scotoperiod, scotophase, scotophilia, scotophilic, scotophobe, scotophobia, scotophobic, scotophobotaxis, scotopic, scotoscope, scotosis, scototactic, scototaxis, scototherapy |
| scrib-, script- | write | Latin | scribere, scriptus | describe, inscribe, manuscript, prescribe, scribble, scribe, script, scripture, subscribe |
| scrupl- | uneasiness | Latin | scrupus "sharp stone" | scruple, scrupulous, unscrupulous |
| sculp- | carve | Latin | sculpere, sculptus | insculp, resculpt, sculp, sculpsit, sculpt, sculptile, sculptor, sculptress, sculptural, sculpture |
| scut- | shield | Latin | scutum | scute |
| scyph-[152] | cup | Greek | σκύφος (skúphos) | scyphoid, Scyphozoa, scyphus |
| se-, sed- | away, apart | Latin | se | secede, sedition, seditious, seduce |
| seb- | tallow | Latin | sebum | sebaceous, sebum |
| sec-, sect-, seg- | cut | Latin | secare | secant, section, segment |
| sed- | settle, calm | Latin | sedare, sedatus | sedative |
| sed-, -sid-, sess- | sit | Latin | sedere, sessus | assiduous, insidious, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside, resident, sedentary, sediment, sedimentary, sedulity, sedulous, session, subside, supersede |
| sedec- | sixteen | Latin | sedecim | sedecimal |
| seget- | in cornfields | Latin | segetum |
|
| sei-[153] | shake | Greek | σείειν (seíein), σεισμός (seismós), σεῖστρον (seîstron) |
aseismic, microseism, microseismic, paleoseismology, seism, seismic, seismogram, seismograph, seismology, seismometer, seismonasty, sistrum, teleseism, teleseismic |
| selen- | moon | Greek | σελήνη (selḗnē) | paraselene, selaphobia, Selene, selenium, selenocentric, selenography, selenology |
| sell- | saddle, seat | Latin | sella | sella turcica |
| sema- | sign | Greek | σῆμα (sêma) | aposematic, asemasia, asemia, asemic, pentaseme, polyseme, polysemic, polysemous, polysemy, semantics, semaphore, semasiology, sematic, seme, sememe, semiotic, tetraseme, triseme |
| semi- | half | Latin | semis | semiannual, semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, semifinal, seminatural |
| semin- | seed | Latin | semen, seminis | insemination |
| sen- | old man | Latin | senex, senis | senator, senescent, senile, senility, senior |
| sen- | six each | Latin | seni | senary |
| sent-, sens- | feel | Latin | sentire, sensus | assent, consensus, consent, dissent, resent, scent, sensation, sense, sensible, sensitive, sensory, sentence, sentient, sentience, sentiment |
| sep- [154] | rot | Greek | σήψ (sḗps), σήπειν (sḗpein), σηπτός (sēptós), σηπτικός (sēptikós), σῆψις (sêpsis), σηπία (sēpía) |
antisepsis, antiseptic, asepsis, aseptic, sepia, sepsis, septic |
| sept- | fence, partition, enclosure | Latin | saeptum | transept |
| sept- | seven | Latin | septem | septennial |
| septen- | seven each | Latin | septeni | septenary |
| septim- | seventh | Latin | septimus | septimal, septime |
| septuagen- | seventy each | Latin | septuageni | septuagenary |
| septuagesim- | seventieth | Latin | septuagesimus | septuagesima, septuagesimal |
| septuagint- | seventy | Latin | septuaginta | Septuagint |
| sequ-, secut- | follow | Latin | sequere, from sequi, see also secutus | consecutive, consequence, ensue, non sequitur, obsequious, prosecute, pursue, second, sequel, sequence, subsequent |
| ser-[155] | silk | Greek | σήρ (sḗr), σηρικός | sericin, serigraph |
| ser- | sow | Latin | serere, satus | disseminate, dissemination, insemination, postseason, preseason, sation, sative, season, seasonable, seasonal, semen, semenuria, seminal, seminar, seminarian, seminary, semination, seminiferous |
| ser- | attach, join | Latin | serere, sertus | assert, assertion, assertive, curviserial, desert, desertion, desertrix, dissert, dissertation, dissertator, exert, exertion, insert, insertion, multiseriate, reassert, reassertion, rectiserial, semidesert, serial, seriate, seriatim, series, sermon, uniseriate |
| ser- | whey | Latin | serum | serac, serosa, serous, subserous |
| ser- | late | Latin | sērus | serein, serotine, serotinous, serotiny, soiree |
| serp- | crawl, creep | Latin | serpere, serptus | serpent |
| serr- | saw, saw-toothed | Latin | serra, serrare | biserrate, serrate, serration, serrature, serriform, serrulate, sierra, sierran |
| serv- | save, protect, serve | Latin | servare | conserve, deserve, observe, preserve, reserve, servant, service, servile, servitude, subservient |
| sesqui- | one and a half | Latin | sesqui | sesquialteral, sesquicentennial, sesquipedal, sesquiplicate, sesquitertian |
| set- | bristle, hair | Latin | saeta | seta, setose |
| sever- | stern, strict, serious | Latin | severus | asseverate, asseveration, perseverance, perseverant, perseverate, perseveration, perseverative, persevere, severe, severity |
| sex- | sexual | Latin | sexus | sexual, sexuality, sex, Sexual Intercourse (abbr. "sex) |
| sex-, se- | six | Latin | sex | semester, sexangle, sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial, sexennium, sexireme, sexivalent, sexpartite, sexradiate, sextain |
| sexagen- | sixty each | Latin | sexageni | sexagenarian, sexagenary |
| sexagesim- | sixtieth | Latin | sexagesimus | Sexagesima, sexagesimal |
| sext- | sixth | Latin | sextus | bissextile, bissextus, semisextile, sestet, sestina, Sext, sextain, sextan, sextans, sextant, sextary, sextic, sextile, sextillion, siesta, sixte |
| sibil- | hiss | Latin | sibilus, sibilare | sibilance |
| sicc- | dry | Latin | siccare "to dry", from siccus "dry, thirsty" | desiccate, desiccation, sec, siccative |
| sicy- | cucumber | Greek | σίκυος (síkuos) | Sicyos |
| sider- | iron | Greek | σίδηρος (sídēros), σιδήρεος | siderodromophobia, siderophile |
| sider- | star | Latin | sidus, sideris | sidereal |
| sigm-[156] | S, s | Greek | σίγμα, σῖγμα (sîgma) | sigma, sigmatism, sigmatropic, sigmoid, sigmoidoscopy |
| sign- | sign | Latin | signum | design, designate, insignia, signal, signature, significant |
| sil- | quiet or still | Latin | silere | silence |
| silv-, sylv- | forest | Latin | silva, sylva | silviculture, sylvan, sylvatic |
| simi- | ape, monkey | Latin | simia | simian |
| simil-, simul- | likeness, imitating | Latin | simulare "to emulate", from similis "alike" | assimilate, dissimilate, dissemble, ensemble, resemble, semblance, similar, similarity, simile, similitude, simulacrum, simular, simulate, simulation, simulator, simultaneous, verisimilar, verisimilitude |
| sinap-[157] | mustard | Greek | σίναπι (sínapi), (sināpízein), (sināpismós) | sinapine, sinapism |
| singul- | one each | Latin | singulus | singular |
| sinistr- | left | Latin | sinister, sinistri | sinistral |
| sin- | China, chinese | Latin | Sina | sinology, Sinanthropus |
| sinu- | (to draw) a line | Latin | sinuare | insinuate |
| sinus- | hollow, bay | Latin | sinus | sinusoidal |
| siop-[158] | silence | Greek | σιωπή (siōpḗ), σιωπᾶν (siōpân), σιωπητέος (siōpētéos), σιώπησις (siṓpēsis) | aposiopesis, aposiopetic |
| siph-[159] | tube | Greek | σίφων (síphōn) | siphon, siphonoglyph |
| sist- | cause to stand | Latin | sistere | assist, consist, desist, exist, insist, persist, resist, solstice, subsist |
| sit-[160] | food, grain, wheat | Greek | σῖτος, σίτου (sîtos, sítou) | ectoparasite, endoparasite, endoparasitoid, epiparasite, hyperparasitism, kleptoparasitism, mesoparasite, parasite, parasitic, parasitism, parasitoid, sitology, syssitia |
| siz-[161] | hiss | Greek | σίζω, σίξις (síxis) |
|
| smaragd-[162] | emerald | Greek | σμάραγδος (smáragdos), σμαράγδινος (smarágdinos) | smaragdine |
| smil-[163] | carving knife | Greek | σμίλη (smílē), σμιλεύω, σμιλευτός, σμίλευμα | smilodon |
| soci- | group | Latin | socius, sociare | associate, association, associative, consociate, consociation, consociational, disassociate, disassociation, dissociable, dissocial, dissociate, dissociation, dissociative, interassociation, nonassociative, sociability, sociable, social, sociality, societal, society |
| sol- | sun | Latin | sol, solis | circumsolar, extrasolar, insolate, insolation, solar, solarium, soliform, soliscence, solstice, subsolar |
| sol- | comfort, soothe | Latin | solari | consolation, console, solace |
| sol- | alone, only | Latin | solus | desolate, desolation, desolatory, saudade, sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solitudinarian, solitudinous, solivagous, solo, sullen |
| sole- | accustomed | Latin | solere "be accustomed" | insolence, insolent, obsolescence, obsolescent, obsolete |
| solen-[164] | channel, pipe | Greek | σωλήν (sōlḗn) | solenocyte, solenodon, solenogaster, solenoid, Solenopsis |
| solv-, solut- | loosen, set free | Latin | solvere, solutus | absolute, absolve, dissolute, dissolve, resolute, resolve, soluble, solute, solution, solve, solvent |
| soma-[165] | body | Greek | σῶμα, σώματος (sôma, sṓmatos) | allosome, asomatous, autosome, centrosome, chromosome, decasomy, disomic, disomy, episome, gonosome, heptasomy, heterochromosome, heterodisomic, heterodisomy, hexasomy, isodisomic, isodisomy, macrosomia, metasomatic, metasomatism, microsome, microsomia, monosome, monosomic, monosomy, pentasomic, pentasomy, plasmosome, polysomic, polysomy, pyrosome, somatic, somatomancy, somatoparaphrenia, somatopleure, somatotype, somite, tetrasomic, tetrasomy, trisomic, trisomy |
| somn- | sleep | Latin | somnus | insomnia, somnambulist, somnifacient, somniferous, somnific, somniloquy, somnolent |
| somni- | dream | Latin | somnium | somnial |
| son- | sound | Latin | sonus | absonant, ambisonic, assonance, assonant, assonate, consonance, consonant, consonous, dissonance, dissonant, inconsonance, inconsonant, infrasonic, infrasound, magnisonant, resonance, resonant, resonate, resound, sonance, sonant, sonata, sondage, sonnet, sonorant, sonority, soun, sound, subsonic, supersonic, triconsonantal, ultrasonic, ultrasound |
| soph-[166] | wise | Greek | σοφός (sophós), σοφία (sophía), σόφισμα (sóphisma), σοφισμός (sophismós) | antisophism, pansophism, pansophist, pansophy, philosophize, philosophy, sophism, sophist, sophistry, sophisticate, Sophocles, sophomania, sophomaniac, sophomore, sophomoric |
| sopor- | deep sleep | Latin | sopor | sopor, soporific |
| sorb-, sorpt- | suck | Latin | sorbere | absorb, absorbency, absorbent, absorption, absorptive, absorptivity, adsorb, adsorbent, adsorption, exsorption, insorption, malabsorption, resorb, resorption, resorptive, sorbent, sorbile, sorbition, sorption |
| sord- | dirt | Latin | sordere, sordes | sordes, sordid |
| soror- | sister | Latin | soror | cousin, sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority |
| spa-[167] | draw, pull | Greek | σπᾶν (spân), σπάσις (spásis), σπασμός (spasmós), σπάσμα (spásma), σπαστικός (spastikós), σπώμενον (spṓmenon), σπάδιξ (spádix), σπαδίζω | antispasmodic, palinspastic, perispomenon, properispomenon, spadix, spasm, spasmatic, spasmodic, spasmogenic, spasmolytic, spastic, spasticity |
| spad-[168] | eunuch | Greek | σπάδος (spádos), σπάδων (spádōn), σπαδοειδής | epispadias, hypospadias |
| sparg-, -sperg-, spars-, -spers- | scatter, sprinkle | Latin | spargere | asperse, aspersion, aspersive, dispersal, disperse, dispersion, dispersive, insperse, inspersion, interspersal, intersperse, interspersion, nonaspersion, nondispersive, nonsparse, sparge, spargefaction, sparse, sparsity |
| spath- | blade | Greek | σπάθη (spáthē) | spade, spatha, spathe, spay |
| spati- | space | Latin | spatium | interspace, interspatial, space, spatial, spatiate, subspace |
| spec-, -spic-, spect- | look | Latin | perspicuus, specere, spectare, speculari | aspect, aspectual, auspicate, auspice, auspicious, biaspectual, bispecific, bispecificity, circumspect, circumspection, circumspective, conspecific, conspecificity, conspectus, conspicuous, despection, despicable, despiciency, despise, despite, disrespect, disrespectable, especial, expect, expectancy, expectant, expectation, inauspicious, incircumspect, inconspicuous, infraspecific, inspect, inspection, inspector, inspeximus, interspecies, interspecific, intraspecies, intraspecific, introspection, introspective, irrespective, multispecific, multispecificity, multispectral, nonspecific, perspective, perspicacious, perspicuity, perspicuous, prospect, prospective, prospector, prospectus, prospicience, prospicient, reinspect, respect, respectability, respectable, respectant, respective, respite, retrospection, retrospective, special, speciality, speciation, specie, species, specific, specification, specificity, specimen, speciosity, specious, spectacle, spectacular, spectacularity, spectant, spectation, spectator, spectatorial, spectral, spectre, spectrum, specular, speculate, speculation, speculative, speculator, speculatory, speculum, spice, spite, subspeciality, subspecies, suspect, suspicion, suspicious, transpicuous, trispecific, unispecific |
| speir-, spor-[169] | sow | Greek | σπείρω (speírō), σπαρτός, σπορά, σποράς, σποράδος (sporás, sporádos), σποραδικός (sporadikós), σπόρος (spóros) | aplanospore, archesporium, carpospore, chlamydospore, diaspora, diaspore, endospore, esparto, eusporangium, exospore, heterosporous, heterospory, homosporous, isosporous, leptosporangium, megasporangium, megaspore, microsporangium, microspore, mitospore, sporadic, sporangiospore, sporangium, spore, sporocarp, sporophyte, teliospore, tetraspore, tetrasporophytic, zygospore |
| spele- | cavern | Greek | σπέος (spéos), σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) | speleogen, speleogenesis, speleology, Speleomantes, speleomorphology, speleoseismite, speleothem, speleotherapy |
| spelyng-[170] | cave | Greek | σπῆλυγξ, (spêlynx, spēlyng-) | spelunk |
| spend-, spond-[171] | Greek | σπένδειν (spéndein), σπονδή, σπονδάς (spondḗ, spondás), σπονδεῖος, σπονδικός | spondaic, Sponde, spondee | |
| sper- | hope | Latin | spes, sperare | despair, desperado, desperate, desperation, esperance, prosper, prosperity, prosperous |
| sperm-[172] | seed | Greek | σπέρμα, σπέρματος (spérma, spérmatos) | angiosperm, endosperm, gymnosperm, perisperm, sperm, spermatid, spermatocyte, spermatogenesis, spermatogonium, spermatozoon, stenospermocarpy |
| sphal-[173] (ΣΦΑΛ[174]) | cause to fall | Greek | σφάλλειν (sphállein), σφαλερός (sphalerós), σφαλλόμενον | sphalerite, sphaleron |
| sphen-[175] | wedge | Greek | σφήν, σφηνός (sphḗn, sphēnós) | sphenic, Sphenodon, sphenoid |
| spher-[176] | ball | Greek | σφαῖρα (sphaîra) | aspheric, hemisphere, hypersphere, mesosphere, pseudosphere, sphere, spherics, spheroid, spherometer, spherulite, stratosphere, trimetasphere, troposphere |
| sphing-, sphinct- | strangle | Greek | σφίγγειν (sphíngein), Σφίγξ sphings, σφιγκτήρ | sphincter |
| sphondyl- | vertebra | Greek | σφόνδυλος, σφονδύλου (sphóndulos, sphondúlou) | spondylitis, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, spondylosis, Temnospondyli |
| sphrag- | seal | Greek | σφραγίς (sphragís), (sphragistikós), σφραγίζω | sphragistic |
| sphyg- | pulse | Greek | σφύζειν (sphúzein), σφυγμός (sphugmós), (sphugmikós), (sphúxis) | asphyxia, sphygmic, sphygmochronograph, sphygmograph, sphygmomanometer, sphygmus |
| spic- | spike | Latin | spica | spica, spicate, spicose, spicosity, spicular, spiculate, spicule, spiculiform |
| spin- | thorn | Latin | spina | infraspinate, infraspinatus, interspinal, spinal, spine, spinel, spinescent, spiniferous, spiniform, spinose, spinous |
| spir- | breathe | Latin | spirare | aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire, respiration, spirit |
| splen- | spleen | Greek | σπλήν (splḗn), splēnikós | asplenia, hypersplenism, hyposplenia, polysplenia, splenectomy, splenic, splenitis, splenoid, splenomegaly |
| spond- | Greek |
|
||
| spond-, spons- | a surety, guarantee; give assurance, promise solemnly | Latin | spondere, sponsus | correspond, correspondence, correspondent, corresponsive, cosponsor, despond, despondency, despondent, desponsage, desponsate, desponsation, disespouse, espousage, espousal, espouse, interspousal, irresponsibility, irresponsible, irresponsive, nonresponsive, respond, respondee, respondence, respondent, response, responsibility, responsible, responsion, responsive, responsivity, riposte, sponsal, sponsion, sponsional, sponsor, spousal, spouse |
| spondyl- | vertebra | Greek | σπόνδυλος (spóndulos) | platyspondyly, spondylid, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, spondylopyosis, spondyloschisis, spondylosis, spondylosyndesis, Spondylus |
| spor- | Greek |
|
||
| spu-, sput- | spew, spit | Latin | spuere | exspuition, sputum |
| squal- | scaly, dirty, filthy | Latin | squalere | squalid, squalidity, squalor |
| squam- | scale | Latin | squama | squamous |
| squarros- | spreading at tips | Latin | squarrosus | squarrose |
| st- (ΣΤΑ) | cause to stand | Greek | ἵστημι histēmi, histánai, στατικός, στάσις, στατήρ, στήλη | acrostatic, actinostele, anastasis, antistatic, apostasy, apostate, astasia, astasis, astatic, astatine, catastasis, chronostasis, diastase, diastasis, diastatic, diasystem, ecstasy, ecstatic, epistasis, episteme, epistemic, epistemology, eustasis, eustatic, eustele, haplostele, homeostasis, homeostatic, hydrostatic, hypostasis, hypostasize, hypostatic, hypostatize, mesostatic, metastasis, metastasize, metastatic, metasystem, orthostates, orthostatic, protostele, stasimon, stasis, stater, static, statoblast, statocyst, statolith, stela, stele, systasis, system, systematic, systematize, systematology, systemic, teleutostatic |
| st- | stand | Latin | stare "to stand", also causative form statuere "to enact, set", from status "condition, position" | antestature, arrest, arrestant, arrestee, bistability, bistable, bistate, circumstance, circumstantial, consist, constable, constabulary, constancy, constant, constitute, consubstantiation, contrast, distance, distant, equidistance, equidistant, establish, estate, extant, inconstancy, inconstant, instability, instance, instant, obstacle, presto, stable, stamen, stamina, stance, stanchion, stanza, state, station, stationary, statistic, statue, status, staunch, stay, substance, substantial, substantiality, substantiate, substantiation, substantive, substate, substation, substitute, superstation, superstition, superstitious, transubstantiate, transubstantiation, tristate |
| stagn- | pool of standing water | Latin | stagnare | stagnant |
| stala- | dripping, trickling | Greek | σταλακτός (stalaktós) and σταλαγμός (stalagmós), both from σταλάζειν (stalázein) "to drip" | stalactite, stalagmite |
| stann- | tin | Latin | stannum | stannous |
| staphyl-[177] | bunch of grapes | Greek | σταφυλή (staphulḗ) | staphyledema, staphylion, staphylococcus, staphyloderma, staphyloplasty |
| statu-, -stitu- | stand | Latin | statuere | institution, statute |
| steat-[178] | fat, tallow | Greek | στέαρ, στέατος (stéar, stéatos) | stearic acid, steatolysis, steatolytic, steatosis |
| steg-[179] | cover | Greek | στέγειν, στέγη (stégē), στεγανός (steganós) | steganography, steganopod, Stegosaurus |
| stell-, stol-[180] | send | Greek | στέλλω (stéllō), στάλσις (stálsis), στολή (stolḗ) | apostle, centrostaltic, diastole, epistle, epistolic, epistolize, epistolography, eusystole, hypodiastole, peristalsis, peristaltic, peristole, stole, systaltic, systole |
| stell- | star | Latin | stella | constellate, constellation, stellar |
| sten- | stand | Greek | στεναί (stenaí) | apostasy, apostate |
| sten-[181] | narrow | Greek | στενός (stenós) | stenography, stenosis |
| stere-[182] | solid | Greek | στερεός (stereós) | allosteric, stereochemistry, stereochromy, stereographic, stereography, stereoisomer, stereometry, stereophonic, stereopsis, stereoscope, stereoscopy, stereotaxis, stereotomy, stereotype, stereotypic, steric |
| stern-[183] | breastbone | Greek | στέρνον (stérnon) | metasternum, prosternum, sternum |
| stern-, strat- | spread, strew | Latin | sternere, stratus | consternation, prostrate, stratify, stratum, stratus, street |
| steth-[184] | chest | Greek | στῆθος (stêthos) | stethoscope |
| sthen-[185] | strength | Greek | σθένος (sthénos) | asthenia, asthenosphere, callisthenics, hyposthenia, sthène, sthenia |
| stich-[186] | line, row | Greek | στείχειν (steíkhein), στίχος (stíkhos) | acrostic, cadastre, distich, distichous, haplostichous, hemistich, heptastich, monostich, monostichous, orthostichy, pentastich, polystichia, polystichous, stich, stichic, stichomancy, stichometry, stichomythia, telestich |
| stich-[187] | tunic | Greek | στίχη (stíkhē), στιχάριον (stikhárion) | sticharion |
| stig-[188] | mark, puncture | Greek | στίζειν (stízein), στίξις (stíxis), στίγμα, στίγματος (stígma, stígmatos) | anastigmat, anastigmatic, astigmatic, astigmatism, stigma, stigmata, stigmatic |
| still- | drip | Latin | stilla, stillare | distillation, instill |
| stimul- | goad, rouse, excite | Latin | stimulus | stimulate |
| stin- | stand | Latin | stinare | destination, obstinate |
| stingu-, stinct- | apart | Latin | stinguere | distinction, distinguish |
| stoch-[189] | aim | Greek | στόχος (stókhos), στοχαστικός (stokhastikós), στόχασμα | stochastic |
| stom- | mouth | Greek | στόμα, στόματος (stóma, stómatos) | anastomosis, anastomotic, deuterostome, monostomous, ozostomia, pentastomid, protostome, stoma, stomach, stomatalgia, stomatic, stomatoplasty, -stome |
| stor-[190] (ΣΤΟΡ)[191] | spread, strew | Greek | στορέννυμι (storénnumi), στόρνυμι, στρῶμα (strôma) | biostrome, stroma |
| strat- | army | Greek | στρατός (stratós), στρατηγία (stratēgía) | stratagem, strategic, strategist, strategus, strategy, stratocracy, stratography, stratonic |
| streper- | noise | Latin | strepere | obstreperous |
| streph-, stroph-, strob-, stromb-[192] | turn | Greek | στρέφειν (stréphein), στρεπτός (streptós), στροφή (strophḗ) | anastrophe, antistrophe, apostrophe, boustrophedon, catastrophe, catastrophic, catastrophism, epistrophe, monostrophe, monostrophic, strophe, strophic |
| strept- | twisted | Greek | στρέφειν, στρεπτός (streptós), στρεψίς (strepsís) | Strepsiptera, strepsirrhine, streptococcus |
| strig- | compress | Latin | strix, strigis | strigogyps |
| strigos- | having stiff bristles | Latin | strigosus from striga | strigose |
| string-, strict- | tight, upright, stiff | Latin | stringere, strictus | astringent, constrain, constrict, constringe, restrict, strain, strict, stringent |
| stroph- | turn | Greek |
|
|
| stru-, struct- | to make up, build | Latin | struere, structus | construct, construction, construe, destroy, destruct, instruct, obstruct, structure |
| stud- | dedication | Latin | studere | étude, student |
| stup- | wonder | Latin | stupere | stupid, stupor |
| styg-[193] | Styx | Greek | Στύξ, Στυγός (Stúx, Stugós), Στύγιος | Stygian, stygiophobia |
| styl-[194] | column, pillar | Greek | στῦλος (stûlos), στυλόω (stulóō) | amphiprostyle, amphistyly, anastylosis, araeostyle, araeosystyle, blastostyle, diastyle, epistyle, eustyle, hexastyle, hyostyly, hypostyle, monostylous, octastyle, orthostyle, peristyle, prostyle, pycnostyle, stylite, Stylites, stylobate, styloid, stylus, systyle |
| su-, sut- | sew | Latin | suere, sutus | couture, suture |
| suad-, suas- | urge | Latin | suadere, suasus | persuasion |
| suav- | sweet | Latin | suavis | assuage, suave, suavity |
| sub-, su-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- | below | Latin | sub | submarine, submerge, suffix, suggest, support |
| subter- | under | Latin | subter | subterfuge |
| sucr- | sugar | Latin | succarum | sucrose |
| sud- | sweat | Latin | sudare | exudate, exude, sudarium, sudoriferous, transudate |
| sui- | self | Latin | sui | sui generis, suicide |
| sulc- | furrow | Latin | sulcus | sulcus |
| sum- | sum | Latin | summare "to sum up", from summa "sum" | consummate, consummation, sum, summa cum laude, summary, summation |
| sum-, sumpt- | take | Latin | sumere, sumptus | assume, assumption, consume, consumption, presumption, subsume |
| super- | above, over | Latin | super | insuperable, soprano, sovereign, summit, superable, superb, supercilious, supercomputer, superficial, superfluous, superimpose, superior, superlative, supermarket, supernal, supernatural, supernova, superposition, superpower, superscript, supersede, supersonic, superstition, supervene, supervise, supreme, supremum, surname, surplus, surround, survive |
| supin- | lying back | Latin | supinus | supination, supine |
| supra- | above, over | Latin | supra | supranationalism |
| surd- | deaf | Latin | surdus | absurdity |
| surg- | rise | Latin | surgere | insurgent, insurrection, resurgent, resurrection |
| sybar-[195] | Sybaris | Greek | Σύβαρις, συβάρεως, Συβαρίτης Sybarī́tēs, Συβαριτικός | Sybarite, sybaritic, sybaritism |
| syc- | fig | Greek | συκῆ, σῦκον (sûkon) | sycomancy, sycophant |
| syn-, sy-, syg-, syl-, sym-, sys-[196] | with | Greek | σύν (sún) | syllogism, symbol, symmetry, sympathy, synonym, synchronous, system |
| syring- | pipe | Greek | σύριγξ, σύριγγος (súrinx, súringos) | syringe, Syringodea, Syringoderma, Syringogaster, syringoma, syringomyelia, syrinx |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tac-, -tic- | be silent | Latin | tacere, tacitus | reticent, reticence, tacit, taciturn |
| tach- | swift | Greek | ταχύς (takhús), τάχος (tákhos) | tachometer, tachycardia, tachyrhythmia, tachytelic |
| taeni- | ribbon | Greek | τείνειν (teínein), ταινία (tainía), ταινίδιον (tainídion) | diplotene, leptotene, pachytene, taenia, taenidia, taenidium, taeniodont, Taeniolabis, zygotene |
| tag- (ΤΑΓ)[197] | arrange, order | Greek | τάσσειν (tássein), τακτός (taktós), τακτικός (taktikós), τάξις (táxis), τάγμα (tágma) | ataxia, chemotaxis, epitaxis, eutaxy, hypotaxis, magnetotaxis, metasyntactic, parataxis, phonotactic, phonotactics, phototaxis, rheotaxis, syntactic, syntagma, syntagmatic, syntax, tactic, tagma, taxis, taxonomy, thermotaxis |
| tal- | ankle | Latin | talus | talus |
| tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- | touch | Latin | tangere (past participle tactus) | attain, contact, contagious, contingent, contingency, contiguous, intact, tactile, tangent, tangible |
| tapet- | carpet | Latin | tapete, tapetis | tapestry, tapetum, tapis |
| tarac- (ΤΑΡΑΧ)[198] | stir | Greek | ταράσσειν (tarássein), ταρακτός, ταρακτικός, τάραγμα, θράσσω | ataractic, ataraxia |
| tard- | slow | Latin | tardus | retard, tardigrade, tardy |
| tars- | ankle | Greek | ταρσός (tarsós, "a flat basket") | metatarsus, tarsal, tarsoclasis, tarsometatarsus, tarsus |
| taur- | bull | Greek | ταῦρος (taûros) | Minotaur, taurobolium, taurocholic, tauromachy |
| taur- | bull | Latin | taurus | Taurus |
| tec- (ΤΑΚ)[199] | melt | Greek | τήκειν | eutectic, eutectoid |
| tec-, toc- (ΤΕΚ)[200] | childbirth | Greek | τίκτειν, τόκος (tókos) | ditokous, dystocia, embiotocid, monotocous, teknonymous, teknonymy, tokophobia |
| techn- (ΤΕΚ)[201] | art, skill | Greek | τίκτειν (tíktein), τέχνη (tékhnē), τέκτων, τέκτονος (téktōn, téktonos), τεκτονικός (tektonikós) | architect, polytechnic, techne, technique, technocracy, technocrat, technogaianism, technology, technophilia, technophobia, tectonic |
| tecn- (ΤΕΚ)[202] | child | Greek | τίκτω, τέκνον, τέκνου (téknon, téknou) | teknonymous, teknonymy |
| teg-, tect- | cover | Latin | tegere, tectus | contection, detect, detectable, detection, detective, detector, integument, integumentary, obtect, pretectal, pretectum, protect, protection, protective, protector, protectorate, protectory, protectress, protectrix, protégé, protégée, tectrix, tectum, tegmen, tegmental, tegula, tegular, tegument, tile, tog, toga, togate, togavirus, toggery |
| tele- | far, end | Greek | τῆλε (têle) | telegram, telegraph, telemetry, telepathy, telephone, telescope, television |
| tele- | complete | Greek | τέλος, τέλεος (télos, téleos), τέλεσις (télesis) | atelectasis, ateleiosis, atelophobia, teleology, telesis, toll |
| tem-, tom- [203] (ΤΕΜ[204]) |
cut | Greek | τέμνειν (témnein), τομός (tomós), τόμος (tómos), τομή (tomḗ), τμῆσις (tmêsis) | acrotomophilia, anatomy, apotemnophilia, atom, atomic, autotomy, diatom, dichotomous, dichotomy, ectomy, entomology, entomomancy, entomophagous, entomophilous, epitome, monatomic, pentatomic, polyatomic, polytomy, Temnospondyli, tmesis, tome, tomogram, tomography, trichotomous, trichotomy |
| temn-, tempt- | – | Latin | temnere | contemn, contemnible, contempt, contemptible, contumacious, contumacy, contumelious, contumely |
| tempor- | time | Latin | tempus, temporis | contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempo, temporal, temporary |
| ten-, ton- [205] (ΤΑΝ[206]) |
stretch | Greek | τείνειν (teínein), τεινόμενον, τανύειν (tanúein), τετανός (tetanós), τόνος (tónos), τονικός (tonikós), τονή (tonḗ), τάσις (tásis), ταινία | anhemitonic, atelectasis, atonic, atritonic, barytone, catatonia, catatoniac, catatonic, decatonic, diatonic, ditone, dodecatonic, dystonia, ectasia, enneatonic, entasia, entasis, epitasis, hemitonia, hemitonic, heptatonic, hexatonic, hyperisotonic, hypertonia, hypertonic, hypotenuse, hypotonia, hypotonic, isotonic, microtone, monotone, monotonic, monotonous, monotony, neoteny, octatonic, oxytone, paroxytone, pentatonic, peritoneum, polytonic, proparoxytone, protasis, pyelectasis, syntonic, tetanolysin, tetanospasmin, tetanus, tetany, tetratonic, tone, tonic, tonoplast, tritonic, tune |
| ten-, -tin-, tent- | hold, keep | Latin | tenere, tentus | abstain, abstention, abstinence, abstinent, appertain, appertinent, appurtenance, appurtenant, contain, containment, content, contentive, contentment, continence, continent, continental, continual, continuance, continuant, continuation, continuative, continue, continuity, continuous, continuum, contratenor, countenance, detain, detainder, detainee, detainer, detainment, detention, detinue, discontent, discontentment, discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinue, discontinuity, discontinuous, entertain, entertainment, equicontinuity, equicontinuous, impertinence, impertinent, incontinence, incontinent, intenible, intercontinental, irretentive, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, malcontent, obtain, obtainment, obtention, pertain, pertinacious, pertinacity, pertinence, pertinent, purtenance, reobtain, retain, retainer, retainment, retention, retentive, retinue, se-tenant, sustenance, sustentacular, sustentaculum, sustentation, sustention, tenable, tenace, tenacious, tenacity, tenancy, tenant, tenet, tenor, tenure, tenurial, tenuto, transcontinental |
| tend-, tens- | stretch, strain | Latin | tendere (past participle tensus) | ambitendency, attempt, attend, attendee, attent, attention, attentive, coextend, coextension, coextensive, contend, contention, contentious, detent, détente, distend, distension, distent, distention, entendre, entente, extend, extensible, extension, extensional, extensionality, extensive, extensivity, extensor, extent, inattention, inattentive, inextensible, intend, intense, intensification, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, obtend, obtension, ostensible, ostension, ostensive, ostensory, ostent, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portension, portent, portentous, pretend, pretense, pretension, subtend, subtense, superintend, superintendency, superintendent, tempt, temptation, tend, tendency, tendential, tendentious, tender, tense, tensible, tensile, tensility, tension, tensure, tent, tentacle, tentacular, tentage, tentation, tentative, tentiginous, tentorium |
| tenu- | slender, thin | Latin | tenuare "make thin", from tenuis "thin" | attenuate, extenuate, tenuous |
| tep- | be warm | Latin | tepere | subtepid, tepefaction, tepid, tepidarium, tepidity, tepor |
| ter-, trit- | rub, wear | Latin | terere, tritus | attrition, contrite, contrition, detriment, detrimental, detrital, detrition, detritivore, detritivorous, detritus, retriment, tribulation, trite, triturate, trituration, triture |
| tere- | guard | Greek | τηρεῖν (tēreîn), τήρησις (tḗrēsis) | synteresis |
| teret- | rounded | Latin | teres, teretis | subterete, teretial |
| terg-, ters- | wipe | Latin | tergere, tersus | absterge, abstergent, abstersion, abstersive, deterge, detergency, detergent, terse |
| termin- | boundary, limit, end | Latin | terminus | determine, interminable, terminal, termination |
| tern- | three each | Latin | terni | ternary, ternion |
| terr- | earth | Latin | terra | inter, subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain, terrarium, terrestrial, territory |
| terti- | third | Latin | tertius | tertian, tertiary |
| test- | witness | Latin | testis | attest, contest, detest, protest, testament, testify, testimony |
| tetart-[207] | fourth | Greek | τέταρτος (tétartos) | tetartanopsia, tetartohedric |
| tetr- | four | Greek | τέτϝαρες, τέσσαρες, τεσσάρων (téssares, tessárōn) | diatessaron, tetragon, tetrahedron, tetralogy, tetrameter, tetraphobia, tetrapod, tetrode |
| teuch- | make | Greek | τεύχειν (teúkhein), τυγχάνω, τευκτός, τευκτικός, τεῦξις (teûxis), τεῦγμα (teûgma), τεῦχος, τεύχεος (teûkhos, teúkheos), τύχη (túkhē), τυκτός (tuktós) | Heptateuch, octateuch, Pentateuch |
| tex-, text- | weave | Latin | texere, textus | context, subtle, pretext, text, textile, texture |
| thalam- | chamber, bed | Greek | θάλαμος (thálamos) | epithalamion, hypothalamus, prothalamion, thalamotomy, thalamus |
| thalass- | sea | Greek | θάλασσα (thálassa) | Panthalassa, thalassemia, thalassic, thalassophobia |
| than- (ΘΑΝ)[208][209] | death | Greek | θνήσκειν, θάνατος (thánatos) | euthanasia, thanatocoenosis, thanatoid, thanatology, thanatophobia, thanatophoric, thanatopsis |
| thaumat- | miracle | Greek | θαυματ (thaumat) | thaumatology, thaumaturge, thaumaturgy |
| the-, thus- | god | Greek | θεός (theós) | atheism, atheistic, ditheism, enthusiasm, monotheism, Pantheon, polytheism, Thea, theobromine, theocracy, theodicy, Theodore, theogony, theology, theophobia, Timothy, tritheism |
| the- (ΘΕ)[210] | put | Greek | τιθέναι (tithénai), θετός (thetós), θετικός (thetikós), θέσις (thésis), θέμα (théma), θήκη (thḗkē) | anathema, anathematic, antithesis, antithetic, apothecium, athematic, Bibliotheca, bodega, boutique, deem, doom, enthesis, enthetic, epenthesis, epenthetic, epitheca, epithet, hypothec, hypothesis, monothematic, nomothetic, oligosynthetic, parenthesis, parenthetic, polysynthetic, prosthesis, prosthetic, prothesis, prothetic, pseudothecium, synthesis, synthetic, theca, thecium, thematic, theme, Themis, thesaurus, thesis, treasure |
| thea- | view | Greek | θεᾶσθαι (theâsthai), θέατρον (théatron) | amphitheatre, metatheatre, theatre, theatric |
| thel- | nipple | Greek | θηλή (thēlḗ) | athelia, endothelium, epithelium, mesothelioma, mesothelium, thelium, thelial |
| theori- | speculation | Greek | θεωρητικός (theōrētikós), θεώρημα (theṓrēma), θεωρία (theōría) | theorem, theoretic, theorist, theorize, theory |
| ther- | beast, animal | Greek | θήρ, θηρός (thḗr, thērós) | therianthropy, theroid, theropod, theropsid |
| therap- | serve | Greek | θεράπων (therápōn), θεραπεύειν (therapeúein), θεραπευτός, θεραπευτικός (therapeutikós), θεραπεία (therapeía) | therapeutic, therapist, therapy |
| therm- | heat, warm | Greek | θέρεσθαι (théresthai), θέρμη (thérmē), θερμός (thermós) | thermal, athermancy, diathermancy, ectotherm, endotherm, endothermic, exothermic, geothermic, homeothermy, hyperthermia, hypothermia, isotherm, poikilotherm, thermobaric, thermochromism, thermodynamic, thermolysis, thermometer, thermophilic, thermophobia, thermoplastic, thermoplegia, thermos, thermosphere, thermostat, thermostatic |
| thig- (ΘΙΓ)[211] | touch | Greek | θιγγάνειν (thingánein), θίξις (thíxis), θίγημα (thígēma) | antithixotropic, thigmonasty, thigmotaxis, thixotropic, thixotropy |
| thorac- | chest | Greek | θώραξ, θώρακος (thṓrax, thṓrakos) | hemothorax, pneumothorax, thoracic, thorax |
| thym- | mood | Greek | θυμός (thumós) | dysthymia |
| thyr- | door | Greek | θύρα (thúra) | thyratron |
| thyre- | large shield | Greek | θυρεός (thureós) | Thyreophora, thyroid, thyrotropin, thyroxine |
| tim- | be afraid | Latin | timere | timid, timorous |
| ting-, tinct- (TING)[212] | dye, moisten | Latin | tingere, tinctus | aquatint, distain, mezzotint, tinct, tinctorial, tincture, tinge, tingent, tint |
| tom- | cut | Greek | τομή (tomḗ), τόμος (tómos) | anatomy, appendectomy, atom, dichotomy, ectomy, embolectomy, tome, tonsillectomy, vasectomy |
| ton- (ΤΑΝ)[213] | stretch | Greek | τείνειν (teínein), τόνος (tónos), τονικός (tonikós) | isotonic, monotone, tone |
| top- [214] | place, location | Greek | τόπος (tópos) | atopic, atopy, dystopia, ectopia, ectopic, entopic, epitope, eutopia, isotope, nomotopic, polytope, topiary, topic, topography, topology, toponomastics, toponym, toponymy, topos, utopia, zonotope |
| torn-[215] | turn, rotate | Latin from Greek | tornare < τόρνος (tórnos) | tornado, tournament, turn |
| torpe- | be numb | Latin | torpere | torpent, torpid, torpor |
| torqu-, tort- | twist | Latin | torquere, tortus | contort, distort, extort, extortion, retort, torque, torsion, tortuous, torture |
| tot- | all, whole | Latin | totus | subtotal, total, totality |
| tox-[216] | arrow, bow, poison | Greek | τόξον (tóxon) | anatoxin, antitoxin, autotoxin, exotoxin, intoxicate, neurotoxin, psychotoxic, toxic, toxin, toxoid, toxology, toxoplasmosis |
| trab- | beam | Latin | trabs, trabis | trabeculae |
| trach-[217] | rough | Greek | τραχύς (trakhús) | trachea, tracheids, tracheitis, tracheophyte, tracheostomy, tracheotomy, trachoma |
| trag-[218] | he-goat | Greek | τράγος (trágos) | tragedy, tragic, tragus |
| trah-, tract- | draw, pull | Latin | tractare, frequentative of trahere, tractus | abstract, attract, contract, detract, retract, subtract, subtrahend, tractable, traction, tractor |
| trans-, tra-, tran- | across | Latin | trans | intransigent, tradition, transact, transcend, transient, transitory, transparent, transport |
| trapez-[219] | four-legged, table | Greek | τράπεζα (trápeza), τραπέζιον, (trapézion) | trapeze, trapezium, trapezius, trapezohedron, trapezoid |
| traum-[220] | wound | Greek | τραῦμα, τραῦματος (traûma, traûmatos) | trauma, traumatic, traumatize, traumatophobia |
| trecent- | three hundred | Latin | trecenti | trecentennial, trecentillion |
| trech-, troch-[221] | run, wheel | Greek | τρέχειν (trékhein), τρεχόμενον, τρόχος (tróchos), τροχός, τροχοῦ (trochós), τρόχωσις, τροχαῖος (trochaîos), τροχαϊκός (trochaïkós), τροχοειδής | ditrochee, epitrochoid, hypotrochoid, trochaic, trochanter, trochee, trochelminth, trochlea, trochophore, trochoid |
| tredec- | thirteen | Latin | tredecim | tredecimal |
| treiskaidek- | thirteen | Greek | τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaídeka) | triskaidekaphobia, triskaidecagon |
| trem- | tremble | Latin | tremere | tremor |
| trema- | hole | Greek | τετραίνω, τρῆμα (trêma) | monotrematous, monotreme, trema, tréma, trematode |
| trep-, trop-[222] | turn | Greek | τρέπειν (trépein), τρέψις (trépsis), τρόπος, τρόπου (trópos), τροπή, τροπῆς (tropḗ), τροπικός (tropikós) | allotrope, anisotropy, Atropos, ectropion, entropic, entropion, entropy, heliotropism, isentropic, isotrope, isotropic, isotropy, pleiotropic, pleiotropy, polytrope, protrepsis, protreptic, psychotropic, treponeme, treponematosis, treponemiasis, trope, tropic, tropism, tropopause, troposphere, trove |
| treph-, troph-[223] | feed, grow | Greek | τρέφειν (tréphein), τροφός (trophós), τροφή (trophḗ), θρέμμα | amyotrophic, atrophy, autotroph, auxotrophy, chemolithoautotroph, dystrophy, hemidystrophy, heterotroph, hypertrophy, lithoautotroph, lithotroph, mixotroph, organotroph, phagotrophy, photoheterotroph, phototroph, phototrophic, phototrophy, pogonotrophy, poliodystrophy, prototrophy, trophectoderm, trophic, trophobiosis, trophobiotic, trophoblast, trophoblastic, trophozoite |
| trepid- | tremble | Latin | trepidare "to tremble, hurry", from trepidus "alarmed, scared" | intrepid, trepid, trepidation |
| tri-[224] | three | Greek | τρεῖς, τρία (tría), τριάς | atritonic, triad, triadic, Triassic, tricycle, trigon, triode, tripod, trisyllabic, tritonic |
| tri- | three | Latin | trēs | triangle, triumvirate, trivia |
| trib-, tript-[225] | rub | Greek | τρίβειν (tríbein), τριπτός, τρῖψις | diatribe, tribochromism, tribology, trypsin, tryptic |
| tribu- | pay | Latin | tribuere "to pay", from tribus | attribute, contribute,distribute, retribution, tribe, tribulation, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute |
| tricen- | thirty each | Latin | triceni | tricenary |
| tricesim-, trigesim- | thirtieth | Latin | tricesimus | trigesimal |
| trich- | hair | Greek | θρίξ, τριχός (trikhós) | peritrichous, trichopathophobia, Trichoptera |
| trin- | three each | Latin | trini | trinary, trine, trinity |
| trit- [226] | third | Greek | τρίτος (trítos) | tritagonist, tritanomaly, tritanopia, trite, tritium |
| tritic- | wheat | Latin | triticum | triticale |
| troch- | wheel | Greek | τροχός (trokhós) | trochlea |
| trop- | turn | Greek | τρόπος (tropos) | contrive, heliotropism, isotrope, psychotropic, retrieve, trope, tropic, tropism, troposphere, troubadour, trove |
| troph- | feed, grow | Greek | τροφή, τροφός (trophós) | dystrophy, pogonotrophy, trophic |
| truc- | fierce | Latin | trux, trucis | truculence, truculency, truculent |
| trud-, trus- | thrust | Latin | trudere, trusus | abstrude, abstruse, abstrusion, abstrusity, detrude, detrusion, detrusor, extrude, extrusible, extrusion, extrusive, inobtrusive, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, nonintrusive, obtrude, obtrusion, obtrusive, protrude, protrudent, protrusile, protrusion, protrusive, retrude, retruse, retrusion, retrusive |
| trunc- | cut off | Latin | truncare "to maim, mutilate", from truncus "mutilated, cut off" | detruncate, detruncation, entrench, entrenchment, intrench, intrenchment, obtruncate, obtruncation, omnitruncation, retrench, retrenchment, tranche, tranchet, trench, trenchancy, trenchant, truncate, truncation, truncheon, trunk, trunnion |
| tryp-[227] | bore | Greek | τρυπᾶν (trupân), τρύπανον (trúpanon) | trepan, trypanophobia, trypanosome |
| tum- | be swollen | Latin | tumere | detumescence, detumescent, intumescence, tumefacient, tumefaction, tumesce, tumescence, tumescent, tumid, tumidity, tumor, tumorous, tumular, tumulose, tumulous, tumult, tumultuary, tumultuous, tumulus |
| turb- | disturb | Latin | turba | disturb, disturbance, nonperturbative, perturb, perturbance, perturbation, perturbative, trouble, troublous, turbid, turbidity, turbinate, turbine, turbulence, turbulent |
| tuss- | cough | Latin | tussis, tussire | pertussis, tussive |
| tymb-[228] | mound | Greek | τύμβος (túmbos), τυμβεύω, τύμβευμα | entomb, tomb |
| tympan- | drum | Greek | τύμπανον (túmpanon) | timbre, timpanist, tympani, tympanum |
| typ-[229] (ΤΥΠ[230]) | stamp, model | Greek | τύπτειν (túptein), τύπος (túpos), τυπικός (tupikós), τύμπανον (túmpanon) | allotype, archetype, ecotype, ectype, epitype, ergatotype, heterotype, heterotypic, holotype, homeotypic, homotype, homotypic, isosyntype, isotype, lectotype, logotype, monotypic, neotype, paralectotype, paratype, phenotype, prototype, schizotypic, syntype, type, typography, typology |
| typh-[231] | smoke | Greek | τύφειν (túphein), τῦφος (tûphos), τυφώδης | typhoid, typhous, typhus |
| tyrann-[232] | terrible, tyrant | Greek | τύραννος (túrannos) | tyrannize, tyrannosaurus, tyranny, tyrant |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uber- | fruitful, udder | Latin | ūber, uberare | exuberance, exuberant, exuberate, uberous, uberty |
| uligin- | in marshes | Latin | uligo, uliginis | uliginous |
| ul-[233] | gums | Greek | οὖλον (oûlon) | ulorrhea |
| ul-[234] | woolly | Greek | οὖλος (oûlos) | Ulotrichi |
| ultim- | farthest | Latin | ultimus | ultimate, ultimatum |
| ultra- | beyond | Latin | ultra | ultrasonic |
| umbilic- | navel | Latin | umbilicus | umbilical, umbilicate, umbilication |
| umbr- | shade, shadow | Latin | umbra | adumbral, adumbrant, adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrative, antumbra, inumbrate, obumbrant, obumbrate, obumbration, penumbra, penumbral, somber, sombrero, subumbellate, umbel, umbellate, umbelliferous, umbelliform, umbellulate, umbellule, umber, umbra, umbraculum, umbrage, umbrageous, umbral, umbrella, umbriferous, umbrose |
| un- | one | Latin | ūnus, unius | adunation, biunique, coadunate, coadunation, disunite, disunity, malunion, nonuniform, nonuniformity, nonunion, nonunique, nonunity, onion, reunification, reunion, reunite, triune, unanimous, unary, unate, unicorn, unific, unification, uniform, uniformity, unify, union, unique, unite, unity, universal, universe, university |
| unc- | hook | Latin | uncus | adunc, aduncity, aduncous, unciform, Uncinaria, uncinate, Uncinia |
| unci- | ounce, twelfth | Latin | uncia | inch, ounce, quincuncial, semiuncial, uncial |
| und- | wave | Latin | unda | abound, abundance, abundant, inundant, inundate, inundation, redound, redundancy, redundant, superabound, superabundance, superabundant, surround, undine, undulant, undulate, undulation, undulatory, undulatus, undulose |
| undecim- | eleventh | Latin | undecimus | undecimal |
| unden- | eleven each | Latin | ūndēni | undenary |
| ungu- | claw, hoof, nail | Latin | unguis, ungula | ungual, unguiferous, unguiform, ungular, ungulate, unguligrade |
| ur-[235] | tail | Greek | οὐρά, οὐρᾶς (ourá, ourâs) | anthurium, Anura, brachyurous, colure, cynosure, Diplura, Protura, uroborus, urochord, uroid, uropod |
| ur-[236] | urine | Greek | οὐρεῖν (oureîn), οὖρον, οὔρου (oûron, oúrou), οὔρησις (oúrēsis), οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr), οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra) | antidiuretic, cystinuria, diuresis, diuretic, dysuria, enuresis, homocystinuria, lithuresis, polyurea, polyuria, strangury, uraemia/uremia, urea, uremic, uresiesthesia, uresis, ureter, ureteroscopy, urethra, urology |
| uran-[237] | heaven, sky | Greek | οὐρανός, οὐρανοῦ (ouranós, ouranoû), οὐρανόθεν (ouranóthen) | uraninite, uranium, uranography, uranology, uranometry, uranophobia, Uranus |
| urb- | city | Latin | urbs, urbis | conurbation, exurb, exurban, interurban, inurbane, inurbanity, nonurban, suburb, suburban, suburbanite, urban, urbane, urbanity |
| urg- | work | Greek |
|
|
| urg- | work | Latin | urgere | urgency, urgent |
| urs- | bear | Latin | ursus | Ursa Major, ursine, Ursus |
| ut-, us- | use | Latin | uti, usus | abuse, disuse, use, usual, utilitarian, utility |
| uv- | grape | Latin | uva | uvea |
| uxor- | wife | Latin | uxor | uxoricide |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vac- | empty | Latin | vacare | evacuate, vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacuous, vacuum |
| vacc- | cow | Latin | vacca | vaccary, vaccination, vaccine |
| vacil- | waver | Latin | vacillare "sway, be untrustworthy" | vacillate, vacillation |
| vad-, vas- | go | Latin | vadere | evade, pervasive |
| vag- | wander | Latin | vagus, vagare | vagabond, vague |
| val- | strength, worth | Latin | valere | ambivalence, avail, equivalent, evaluate, prevail, valence, valiant, valid, valor, value |
| van- | empty, vain, idle | Latin | vanus "empty", also vanescere "vanish" | evanescent, vain, vanish, vanity |
| vap- | steam | Latin | vapor | evaporate, evaporation, evaporative, evaporator, evaporite, nonevaporative, vapid, vapidity, vapor, vaporescence, vaporescent, vaporific, vaporous |
| vari- | vary | Latin | variare | bivariate, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, variable, variance, variant, variate, variation, variegate, varietal, variety, variola, variolation, variorum, various, vary |
| varic- | straddle | Latin | varicare "to straddle", from varus "bowlegged" | prevaricate |
| veh-, vect- | carry | Latin | vehere "to carry", vectus | invective, inveigh, vector, vehement, vehicle |
| vel- | veil | Latin | velum | revelation, velate |
| vell-, vuls- | pull | Latin | vellere, vulsus | convulsion |
| veloc- | quick | Latin | velox, velocis | velocity |
| ven- | vein | Latin | vena | intravenous, venosity, venule |
| ven- | poison | Latin | vena | antivenomous, veneniferous, venom |
| ven- | hunt | Latin | venari | venison |
| ven-, vent- | come | Latin | venire | advent, adventure, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convention, event, intervene, intervention, invent, prevent, revenue, souvenir, supervene, venue, venture |
| vend- | sell | Latin | vendere | vend, vendor |
| vener- | respectful | Latin | venus, veneris | venerable, veneration, venereal |
| vent- | wind | Latin | ventus | ventilation, ventilator |
| ventr- | belly | Latin | venter, ventris | ventral |
| ver- | true | Latin | verus | aver, veracious, verdict, verify, verisimilar, verisimilitude, verity, very |
| verb- | word | Latin | verbum | verbal, verbatim, verbosity |
| verber- | whip | Latin | verber | reverberation |
| verm- | worm | Latin | vermis | vermiform, vermin |
| vern- | spring | Latin | ver, vernus | vernal |
| vers-, vert- | turn | Latin | versus, past participle of vertere | adverse, adversity, advertise, anniversary, avert, controversy, controvert, conversant, conversation, converse, convert, diversify, divert, extrovert, introvert, inverse, invert, perverse, pervert, reverse, revert, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertical, vertigo |
| vesic- | bladder | Latin | vesica | vesical |
| vesper- | evening, western | Latin | vespera | vesperal |
| vest- | clothing, garment | Latin | vestire "to clothe", related to vestis "garment" | divest, invest, investiture, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestment |
| vestig- | track | Latin | vestigium | investigate, vestigial |
| vet- | forbid | Latin | vetare | veto |
| veter- | old | Latin | vetus, veteris | inveterate, veteran |
| vi- | way | Latin | via | deviate, obviate, obvious, via |
| vic- | change | Latin | vicis | vicar, vicarious, vice versa, vicissitude |
| vicen-, vigen- | twenty each | Latin | viceni | vicenary |
| vicesim-, vigesim- | twentieth | Latin | vicesimus | vicesimary, vicesimation, vigesimal |
| vid-, vis- | see | Latin | videre, visus | advice, advisable, advise, advisement, advisor, advisory, clairvoyance, clairvoyant, counterview, enviable, envious, envisage, envisagement, envision, envy, evidence, evident, evidential, evidentiality, evidentiary, improvidence, improvident, improvisation, improvisational, improvise, imprudence, imprudent, inadvisable, inevident, interview, interviewee, invidious, invisibility, invisible, nonevidentiary, nonsupervisory, nonvisual, preview, previse, provide, providence, provident, provision, provisional, provisionality, proviso, provisory, prudence, prudent, prudential, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, reviewal, revisal, revise, revision, revisionary, revisit, supervise, supervision, supervisor, supervisory, survey, surveyor, surview, survise, videlicet, video, view, vis-à-vis, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visitation, visor, vista, visual, visuality, voilà, voyeur |
| vigil- | watchful | Latin | vigil, also vigilare | invigilate, reveille, surveillance, vigil, vigilance, vigilant, vigilante |
| vil- | cheap | Latin | vilis | revile, vile, vilify |
| vill- | country house | Latin | villa | villa, village, villain |
| vill- | shaggy hair | Latin | villus | intervillous, velour, velvet, villiform, villose, villosity, villous, villus |
| vin- | wine | Latin | vinum | vigneron, vignette, vinaceous, vinaigrette, vine, vineal, vinegar, viniculture, vinosity, vinous |
| vinc-, vict- | conquer | Latin | vincere (past participle victus) | convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, province, vanquish, vanquishment, victor, victorious, victory |
| vir- | man | Latin | vir | decemvir, decemvirate, duumvirate, quadrumvirate, septemvir, septemvirate, triumvir, triumvirate, vigintivirate, virago, virile, virilescence, virility, virilocal, virilocality, virtual, virtuality, virtue, virtuosity, virtuoso, virtuous |
| vir- | green | Latin | virere | verdure, virid, viridescent, viridian, viridity |
| vir- | poison, venom | Latin | vīrus | retroviral, retrovirus, rotavirus, togavirus, viral, virality, viricidal, viricide, virucidal, virucide, virulence, virulent, virus |
| virg- | rod, twig | Latin | virga | virga, virgate, virgula, virgularian, virgulate, virgule |
| virgin- | maiden | Latin | virgō, virginis | virgin, virginal, virginity, Virgoan |
| visc- | thick | Latin | viscum | viscosity |
| viscer- | internal organ | Latin | viscus, visceris | eviscerate, visceral |
| vit- | life | Latin | vita | vital, vitality, vitamin |
| vitell- | yolk | Latin | vitellus | vitellogenesis |
| viti- | fault | Latin | vitium | vice, vitiate, vicious, vituperate |
| vitr- | glass | Latin | vitrum | vitreous, vitriol |
| viv- | live | Latin | vivere "to live", related to vita "life" | convivial, revive, survive, viable, victual, vivacious, vivacity, vivid, vivisection |
| voc- | call, voice | Latin | vocare (to call), from vox "voice" (genitive vocis) | advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, advoke, advowson, avocation, avouch, avow, avowal, avowry, convocate, convocation, convocator, convoke, disavow, disavowal, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, evocable, evocation, evocative, evocator, evoke, invocable, invocate, invocation, invocative, invocator, invoke, prevocational, provocate, provocateur, provocation, provocative, provocator, provoke, reavow, reinvoke, revocable, revocation, revoke, vocabulary, vocal, vocation, vocational, vocative, vociferous, voice, vouch, vouchee, voucher, vouchsafe |
| vol- | fly | Latin | volare | avolation, circumvolant, circumvolation, nonvolatile, volatile, volatility, volitant, volitation |
| vol- | will | Latin | voluntas "will" from velle "to wish" | benevolence, benevolent, involuntary, malevolence, malevolent, omnibenevolence, velleity, volitient, volition, volitional, volitive, voluntary, Voluntaryism, volunteer, voluptuary, voluptuous |
| volv-, volut- | roll | Latin | volvere, volutus | advolution, archivolt, circumvolute, circumvolution, circumvolve, coevolution, coevolutionary, coevolve, convolute, convolution, devolve, evolve, involve, revolve, valve, vault, volte, voluble, volume, voluminous, volva, Volvox, volvulus, voussoir, vulva |
| vom- | discharge | Latin | vomere | vomit, vomition, vomitory, vomitus |
| vor-, vorac- | swallow | Latin | vorare, vorax | carnivore, carnivorous, devoration, devoré, devour, herbivore, herbivorous, locavore, omnivore, omnivorous, voracious, voracity, voraginous |
| vov-, vot- | vow | Latin | vovere, votus | devote, devotee, devotion, devotional, devout, devove, devow, votary, vote, votive, vow |
| vulg- | crowd | Latin | vulgus | divulge, vulgarity, vulgate |
| vulner- | wound | Latin | vulnus, vulneris | vulnerable |
| vulp- | fox | Latin | vulpēs, vulpis | vulpine |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| xanth-[238] | yellow | Greek | ξανθός (xanthós), ξανθότης (xanthótēs) "yellowness" | axanthism, heteroxanthine, xanthan, xanthelasma, xanthic, xanthine, Xanthippe, xanthium, xanthochromia, xanthochromism, xanthogenic, Xanthoidea, xanthoma, xanthomatosis, xanthophobia, xanthophore, xanthophyll, xanthopsia, xanthopterin, xanthosis, xanthous |
| xe-[239] | scrape, shave | Greek | ξεῖν/ξέειν (xéein), ξέσις (xésis), ξέσμα (xésma) | arthroxesis |
| xei-, xi-[240] | ks | Greek | Ξ, ξ, ξεῖ/ξῖ | xi |
| xen-[241] | foreign | Greek | ξένϝος, ξένος (xénos), ξενικός, ξενία (xenía) | axenic, Xenarthra, xenia, xenic, xenobiotic, xenoblast, xenogamy, xenograft, xenolith, xenology, xenon, xenophobia |
| xer-[242] | dry | Greek | ξηρός (xērós), ξηρότης (xērótēs) | elixir, xerasia, xerochilia, xeroderma, xerography, xeromorph, xerophagy, xerophile, xerophthalmia, xerophyte, xerosis |
| xiph-[243] | sword | Greek | ξίφος (xíphos) | xiphisternum, xiphoid, xiphopagus, xiphophyllous |
| xyl-[244] | wood | Greek | ξύλον (xúlon) | metaxylem, protoxylem, xylem, xylene, xylitol, xylocarp, Xylocarpus, xyloid, xylophagous, xylophobia, xylophone, xylostroma |
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ze-[245] | boil | Greek | ζεῖν (zeîn), ζεστός (zestós), ζέσις, ζέμα, ζέματος (zéma, zématos) | eczema, eczematous |
| zel-[246] | jealousy, zeal | Greek | ζῆλος (zêlos), ζηλωτής, ζηλωτοῦ (zēlōtḗs) | zeal, zealot, zealous |
| zephyr-[247] | west wind | Greek | Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros) | zephyr |
| zet-[248] | Z, z | Greek | Ζ, ζ, ζῆτα (zêta) | zed, zeta |
| zete-[249] | seek | Greek | ζητεῖν (zēteîn), ζητητός (zētētós), ζητητικός (zētētikós) | zetetic |
| zizyph-[250] | jujube | Greek | ζίζυφον (zízuphon) | Ziziphus |
| zo-[251] | animal, living being | Greek | ζῶ, ζῷον (zôion) | anthrozoology, azoic, azotemia, cryptozoology, ectozoon, entozoon, epizoon, Eumetazoa, Mesozoic, Metazoa, protozoa, zoanthropy, zodiac, zoic, zoo, zoochore, zoogamete, zoogeography, zooid/zoöid, zoologic, zoology, zoomorphism, zoon, zoonosis, zoophagy, zoopoetics, zoospore, zootoxin, zooxanthella |
| zon-[252] | belt, girdle | Greek | ζωννύναι (zōnnúnai), ζώνη (zṓnē), ζωστήρ (zōstḗr), ζῶστρον | phylozone, zonal, zone, zonohedron, zonotope, zoster |
| zyg-[253] (ΖΥΓ)[254] | yoke | Greek | ζευγνύναι (zeugnúnai), ζεῦγμα (zeûgma), ζυγωτός (zugōtós), ζυγός, ζυγόν (zugón) | azygous, diazeugma, dizygotic, heterozygote, heterozygous, hyperzeuxis, hypozeugma, hypozeuxis, mesozeugma, monozygotic, prozeugma, synezeugmenon, zeugitae, zeugma, zygoma, zygomorphic, zygomorphism, zygomycosis, zygomycota, zygon, Zygoptera, zygote |
| zym-[255] | ferment | Greek | ζέω, ζύμη (zúmē) | alloenzyme, azyme, azymite, enzyme, lysozyme, microzyme, zymase, zyme, zymogen, zymology, zymolysis, zymosis, zymotic, zymurgy |