Metaphysics VII 15
1039b20-1040a8
- Since substance is of two
kinds, the concrete thing and the formula (I mean that one
kind of substance is the formula taken with the matter, while
another kind is the formula in its generality), substances in
the former sense are capable of destruction (for they are
capable also of generation), but there is no destruction of
the formula in the sense that it is ever in course of being
destroyed; for there is not generation of it (the being of
house is not generated, but only the being of this house), but without generation
and destruction formulae are and are not; for it has been
shown that no one produces nor makes these.
- For this reason also there
is neither definition nor demonstration of sensible individual
substances, because they have matter whose nature is such that
they are capable both of being and of not being; for which
reason all the individual substances of them are destructible.
- If then demonstration is of
necessary truths and definition involves knowledge, and if,
just as knowledge cannot be sometimes knowledge and sometimes
ignorance, but the state which varies thus is opinion, so too
demonstration and definition cannot vary thus, but it is
opinion that deals with that which can be otherwise than as it
it is, clearly there can neither be definition nor
demonstration of sensible individuals. For perishing things
are obscure to those who have knowledge of them, when they
have passed from our perception; and though the formulae
remain in the soul unchanged, there will no longer be either
definition, or demonstration. Therefore when one of those who
aim at definition defines any individual, he must recognize
that his definition may always be overthrown; for it is not
possible to define such things.