Rose Shimberg

Discussion Questions and Topics for Dilke "Periploi" reading.

2/12/18- Periploi

1.     To start off, what is a periplus? Consider which periploi mentioned in this chapter, in your opinion, are the most significant to our understanding of ancient geography and navigation. Did the nature of these records differ based on factors such as the period in which they were written, the purpose of the voyage, or whether or not the intended destination was reached? Examples:

·      The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea- emphasis on trade

·      Arrian’s Periplus of the Euxine- of military use to the Roman Empire

2.     Prior to reading this section, I didn’t know that the landmark of the Columns of Hercules was actually the Straits of Gibraltar. How did barriers such as this impact who was able to journey to far-off lands, and when? It was noted that for a period starting around 500 B.C. the Phoenicians and Carthaginians took care to exclude other civilizations from passing beyond the strait. Did you connect this with any of our other readings?

3.     What do you think the effect of translation had on ancient periploi? Consider how the scholars chose which works they considered worthy of translating into Greek. Similarly, what was the impact of temporality? Writers that depicted earlier works that are now lost have a great deal of influence over their perception and validity today. Why was Pytheas praised by Eratosthenes and Hipparchus and criticized by Polybius and Strabo?

4.     Different forms of measurement were used by ancient navigators to convey distance. One example is the stade, and another is the number of days sailed. These contribute to the amount of uncertainty we continue to have regarding where and how far these travelers actually went. How have modern scholars gone about addressing these uncertainties?