ὅσα τοιαῦτα, ὅτι αἱ μὲν ἡσυχίαι σήπουσι καὶ ἀπολλύασι,

τὰ δ’ ἕτερα σῴζει; καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις τὸν κολοφῶνα, [ἀναγκάζω]

προσβιβάζω τὴν χρυσῆν σειρὰν ὡς οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ τὸν ἥλιον

(d.) Ὅμηρος λέγει, καὶ δηλοῖ ὅτι ἕως μὲν ἂν ἡ περιφορὰ ᾖ

κινουμένη καὶ ὁ ἥλιος, πάντα ἔστι καὶ σῴζεται τὰ ἐν θεοῖς

τε καὶ ἀνθρώποις, εἰ δὲ σταίη τοῦτο ὥσπερ δεθέν, πάντα

χρήματ’ ἂν διαφθαρείη καὶ γένοιτ’ ἂν τὸ λεγόμενον ἄνω

κάτω πάντα; (5)

1st sentence:
Ἔτι οὖν σοι λέγω νηνεμίας τε καὶ γαλήνας καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, ὅτι αἱ μὲν ἡσυχίαι σήπουσι καὶ ἀπολλύασι, τὰ δ’ ἕτερα σῴζει;

• Ἔτι adverb
  
• οὖν particle (Smyth §2769 ff. is easier/faster/better than a dictionary on Particles, so if you have not already done so, buy yourself a (used) copy of Smyth's Greek Grammar)
  
• λέγω probably subjunctive (it happens to be the same form as present indicative) "I could mention": normally, this verb takes either a direct object in the accusative or indirect statement ("I say that ..."): here, it is taking first some direct objects in the accusative, and then later on it is taking indirect statement (ὅτι ...).
  
• νηνεμία="calmness of the air": νηνεμία=νη- "un-" + ἄνεμος "wind" + -ια (abstract noun: cf. "-ness") (BTW, ἀνεμία means "flatulence" :-)
  
• γαλήνη="calmness of the sea"
  
• ὅσα τοιαῦτα= ὅσα ἐστὶ τοιαῦτα. τοιοῦτος/τοιαύτη/τοιοῦτο such, of such a sort, like that.
  
• αἱ μὲν ..., τὰ δ’ ... oh how I love these particles: the μὲν and the δ’ tell us so much: 1) this is a two part statement, and 2) the two parts are somehow related: the relation can be that of a combination (X and Y) or it may be adversative (X but Y).
  
• ἀπολλύασι: 3rd person plural present active indicative of ἀπόλλυμι.
  

2nd sentence: (brace yourself: this is a fun one: first, I'll outline the structure, then we'll talk about individual words and phrases)

• καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις τὸν κολοφῶνα, [ἀναγκάζω] προσβιβάζω τὴν χρυσῆν σειρὰν (main clause)
• ὡς (introduces the following two subordinate clauses in indirect speech)
  
• οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ τὸν ἥλιονὍμηρος λέγει, καὶ (1st indirect statement)
  
• δηλοῖ (2nd indirect statement)
  
• ὅτι (introduces the following 6 clauses all in indirect speech dependent on δηλοῖ)
• ἕως μὲν ἂν ἡ περιφορὰ ᾖ κινουμένη καὶ ὁ ἥλιος, (this clause is subordinate to the one that follows it)
  
• πάντα ἔστι καὶ (1st indirect statement introduced by ὅτι)
• σῴζεται τὰ ἐν θεοῖς τε καὶ ἀνθρώποις, (continuation of 1st indirect statement introduced by ὅτι)
  
• εἰ δὲ σταίη τοῦτο ὥσπερ δεθέν, (this clause is subordinate to the one that follows it)
  
• πάντα χρήματ’ ἂν διαφθαρείη καὶ (2nd indirect statement introduced by ὅτι)
• γένοιτ’ ἂν τὸ λεγόμενον ἄνω κάτω πάντα; (continuation of 2nd indirect statement introduced by ὅτι)

• I
  
• A
• B
• i
• a μὲν
• i cont'd
• i cont'd
• ii
• a δὲ
• ii con'd
• ii cont'd

• ἐπὶ τούτοις: ἐπὶ + dat. can mean "in addition to ...": memorize that (or you can just wade thru the ἐπὶ entry in the dictionary until you find it again and again and get fed up with doing that and THEN either learn it or decide to memorize it ;-))
• τὸν κολοφῶνα: κολοφών, -ῶνος, ὁ 'the finishing touch': why accusative? I have two theories as of now: 1) there is a main verb meant to be understood from the previous sentence (λέγω), OR 2) τὸν κολοφῶνα is meant to be in apposition to τὴν χρυσῆν σειρὰν (if that were the case, however, I would expect there to be a comma before it, so the editor of this text must think that the first option is right). Both options produce the same meaning. Let's not sweat it too much right now.
• [ἀναγκάζω]: when an editor puts square brackets around Greek, that means that the editor thinks it's nonsense and should not be in the text, BUT the editor is also reporting that all or most of the manuscripts report that reading, and so the editor feels compelled somehow to include it in spite of it's being utter nonsense. I.e. you can safely ignore whatever is in square brackets for now, because you have to change other parts of the sentence for it to make any sense.
• προσβιβάζω: like λέγω above, this is probably subjunctive "I could bring on/bring to bear ..."
• χρυσῆν: this is a contract adjective. The original form is χρύσεος, χρυσέη, χρύσεον, "golden," but in Attic Greek it is χρυσοῦς, χρυσῆ, χρυσοῦν. In other words, it's an epsilon contract (see Smyth §59 for a table of all contractions if you have not had these yet).
  
• ὡς: "that" introducing indirect speech. ὡς has many uses and meanings; the one here is simply an alternative to ὅτι, meaning "that" , and introducing indirect statement. This "that" does not quite make sense if you want a very clear grammatical structure. It looks as if Plato is saying something like "I could bring on Homer's 'golden chain', that he says it is nothing other than the son": there's a sort of "verb of saying" in the air here, on which this indirect speech depends.
  
• ἢ: there are many words that look like ἢ: this one means "than" as in "this is better than that."
• λέγει: this verb needs a direct object, but it does not have one here. We must understand "it," which refers to the golden chain of the previous clause. It apparently means "calls" and take two accusatives (LSJ λέγω III.4), as in "Jacques calls hot dogs frankfurters."
• δηλοῖ: an omicron contract verb. If you have not had them, find what form it is by using the table at Smyth §385.
• ὅτι: ὅτι has several uses. Here it means "that" and introduces indirect speech, like ὡς above.
• ἕως μὲν ἂν ἡ περιφορὰ ᾖ: see Smyth §2423b for ἕως ἂν + subjunctive (ᾖ is third person singular present active subjunctive of εἰμί (I am): see Smyth §768 for the full paradigm). It means "as long as ...
• ᾖ κινουμένη: Greek sometimes uses participles much as English does in the "progressive" tenses (such as "I am moving" or "I am being moved"). See Smyth §§1857, 1961 (which just confirms what I just said).
• καὶ ὁ ἥλιος: while we might expect this to make the subject plural (X and Y are), in certain cases Greek is not always rigid in agreement of subject and verb (see Smyth §966). It is as if "and the sun" were added later and the speaker did not go back to adjust the verb.
• ἔστι: if you review the rules for enclitics, you will conclude that this should be ἐστί. Note, however, that when ἔστι means "to exist," it is accented recessively and is not enclitic (Smyth §187b). Note too that it is normal for a neuter plural third person subject to take a singular verb (that applies to the next clause as well).
  
• εἰ δὲ σταίη ... ἂν διαφθαρείη ... γένοιτ’ ἂν: the verbs are optatives from ἵστημι,  διαφθείρω, and γίγνομαι. The construction is a conditional. It means "But if it stood still ... everything would be destroyed ... and  ... would come to be."
• ὥσπερ δεθέν: -περ, an enclitic, is often written as united with the word it follows, which is accented according to enclitic rules (Smyth §186). ὥσπερ means "as if." δεθέν is an aorist passive neuter singular participle "tied down," or "bound up."
• τὸ λεγόμενον ἄνω κάτω πάντα: λεγόμενον is clearly a present passive neuter singular participle, which would ordinarily mean "being said." English idiom translates λεγόμενον in this particular usage as "so-called" and indicates that ἄνω κάτω πάντα is a Greek proverb, which means something like "all topsy turvy."

  ΘΕΑΙ. Ἀλλ’ ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ, ὦ Σώκρατες, ταῦτα δηλοῦν

ἅπερ λέγεις.

  ΣΩ. Ὑπόλαβε τοίνυν, ὦ ἄριστε, οὑτωσί· κατὰ τὰ

ὄμματα πρῶτον, ὃ δὴ καλεῖς χρῶμα λευκόν, μὴ εἶναι αὐτὸ

ἕτερόν τι ἔξω τῶν σῶν ὀμμάτων μηδ’ ἐν τοῖς ὄμμασι μηδέ (10)

(e.) τιν’ αὐτῷ χώραν ἀποτάξῃς· ἤδη γὰρ ἂν εἴη τε δήπου ἐν

τάξει καὶ μένον καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐν γενέσει γίγνοιτο.

• ἔμοιγε: remember that the particle γε is sometimes printed as part of the word it follows, as here.
  
• δοκεῖ: an epsilon contract verb (δοκέω "seem"). See Smyth §385. Like "seem" in English, it can take a complementary infinitive.. Remember that 3rd p. sg. verbs can have neuter plural subjects.
• ἅπερ: a relative pronoun with -περ atttached: see ὥσπερ above.
• Ὑπόλαβε: aor. imperative of ὑπολαμβάνω.
• οὑτωσί: -ι is a "deictic suffix," meaning that it is added to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs. It is like "right" in "right here": it doesn't add much meaning. See Smyth §333g.
  
• πρῶτον: adverbial.
• καλεῖς: another epsilon contract: see Smyth §385. καλέω takes double accusative, just as in English "Call me a liar!"
  
• μὴ εἶναι: εἶναι is infinitive "to be." μὴ is the standard way to negate an infinitive. An infinitive is required here, because this is indirect speech dependent on an understood Ὑπόλαβε (understood from the clause that Socrates started with). Indirect speech takes one of three forms: accusative as subject plus infinitive (what we have here), accusative as subject plus participle, or ὅτι or ὡς with finite verbs (as we saw a couple sentences ago). So here, the understood verb Ὑπόλαβε "Suppose" takes an accusative plus an infinitive. Here, αὐτὸ, "it" is the accusative subject of εἶναι. 
• ἕτερόν τι: Greek says ἕτερόν τι, English says "something different."
• ἔξω: used as a preposition + gen.
• μηδ’: because we're in indirect speech with an infinitive, the negative is μή. μηδ’ means "and not" or "nor."
• μηδέ ... ἀποτάξῃς: while the previous two clauses were in indirect speech, this one is not, although it should have been, if it were to be completely parallel to the 2 previous clauses. ἀποτάξῃς is aorist subjunctive 2nd person singular of ἀποτάσσω. The aorist subj. with μή or one of its compounds (here μηδέ "and don't") is used in place on an aorist imperative for prohibitions.
• τιν’ αὐτῷ χώραν: τιν’ modifies χώραν. αὐτῷ is dative dependent on ἀποτάξῃς.

τάξει καὶ μένον καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐν γενέσει γίγνοιτο.

• ἤδη: usually means "already." Here, it means something like "actually."
• ἂν εἴη ... καὶ οὐκ ἂν ... γίγνοιτο: "it would be ... and would not be ...": optative with ἄν is a "potential optative," and is to be translated with "may, might, can, would, should, must." Here, use "would."
• δήπου: "surely" indicates that the speaker expects the interlocutore to agree.
• τάξει: a form of τάξις "rank, assigned place." Cognate with ἀποτάξῃς above.
• μένον: a form of μένω.

153e3-5

ΘΕΑΙ. Ἀλλὰ πῶς;

  ΣΩ. Ἑπώμεθα τῷ ἄρτι λόγῳ, μηδὲν αὐτὸ καθ’ αὑτὸ ἓν

ὂν τιθέντες·

• Ἀλλὰ πῶς: Theaetetus is apparently asking a vague "explain that" question.
• Ἑπώμεθα: a "hortatory" subjunctive: "let's follow" or "let's pursue." ἔπομαι is deponent (active in meaning, medio-passive in form) and it takes the dative.
• ἄρτι: usually an adverb, this word can apparently be used as an adjective.
• μηδὲν αὐτὸ καθ’ αὑτὸ ἓν ὂν: indirect speech dependent on τιθέντες. Remember how I said that indirect speech takes three forms? This is the one you have not seen yet in this passage, namely accusative (μηδὲν) as subject of a participle (ὂν). The rest is "predicate accusatives" (just like predicate nominatives with verbs of being [as in "I am he"], but accusative). To get a feel for why this is μηδὲν and not οὐδέν, read Smyth §2689.
• αὐτὸ καθ’ αὑτὸ: a sort of technical term used in philosophy: "itself by itself."
  
• τιθέντες: masc. pl. nominative pres. act. participle of τίθημι "posit, suppose, assume." The participle modifies the subject of Ἑπώμεθα.

153e5-154a2

καὶ ἡμῖν οὕτω μέλαν τε καὶ λευκὸν καὶ ὁτιοῦν (5)

ἄλλο χρῶμα ἐκ τῆς προσβολῆς τῶν ὀμμάτων πρὸς τὴν

προσήκουσαν φορὰν φανεῖται γεγενημένον, καὶ ὃ δὴ ἕκαστον

154.

(a.) εἶναί φαμεν χρῶμα οὔτε τὸ προσβάλλον οὔτε τὸ προσβαλ-

λόμενον ἔσται, ἀλλὰ μεταξύ τι ἑκάστῳ ἴδιον γεγονός·

• ἡμῖν: an "ethical dative" (Smyth §1486), somewhat like "on us" in "After we accused him, he got all cranky on us."
• ὁτιοῦν: a form of ὁστισοῦν, ὁτιοῦν "any (person or thing) whatsoever." Note that both the first part and the second part decline, while the end does not, strangely enough (the particle οὖν is added onto the indefinite pronoun ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι, to which other particles can also be added at times).
  
• προσήκουσαν: fem. acc. sg. pres. act. participle of προσήκω.
• φανεῖται γεγενημένον: φαίνω has a middle future φανοῦμαι, which is an epsilon contract verb form. φαίνω + a participle "I clearly am (doing whatever the participle expresses)." φαίνω + infinitive "I appear to (be doing whatever the infinitive means)." γεγενημένον is the n. sg. perfect passive participle of γίγνομαι.
• ὃ δὴ ἕκαστον εἶναί φαμεν: a relative clause with very strange word order, from an English speaker's point of view. The antecedent of ὃ is χρῶμα, which is the predicate nominative of ἔσται. Remember that φαμεν is a form of φημί (and is enclitic), "I speak" and takes accusative plus infinitive indirect speech, so you are looking for an accusative word or phrase to be the subject of the infinitive εἶναί. I have no idea what ἕκαστον refers to at the moment.
  
• οὔτε τὸ προσβάλλον οὔτε τὸ προσβαλλόμενον: these are the subjects of ἔσται. Both προσβάλλον and προσβαλλόμενον are present participles, one active, the other passive. Remember that Greek can turn ANYTHING into a noun by adding an article in front of it.
• μεταξύ τι: once again, this is precisely opposite to English word order: where we might say something like "something over there," Greek says "an over-there something."
• ἑκάστῳ ἴδιον γεγονός: γεγονός is the neuter sg. perfect active participle of γίγνομαι, and means "being." ἴδιον is predicate nominative dependent on γεγονός, and ἑκάστῳ is a dative dependent on ἴδιον.

154a2-5

ἢ

σὺ διισχυρίσαιο ἂν ὡς οἷον σοὶ φαίνεται ἕκαστον χρῶμα,

τοιοῦτον καὶ κυνὶ καὶ ὁτῳοῦν ζῴῳ;

  ΘΕΑΙ. Μὰ Δί’ οὐκ ἔγωγε. (5)

• σὺ: the personal pronoun actually expressed in the nominative lends emphasis, somewhat like "I myself" or "They are the ones who ... ."
  
• διισχυρίσαιο ἂν: another potential optative "would you affirm."
  
• ὡς: remember what ὡς was used for above? It's the same ὡς, used to introduce indirect speech following a verb of saying or thinking (διισχυρίσαιο). After ὡς, the indirect speech has the same form as the direct speech would have had, so no accusative subject with infinitive (or participle).
• οἷον σοὶ φαίνεται ἕκαστον χρῶμα: ἕκαστον χρῶμα is the subject. οἷον is predicate nominative.
• οἷον ... τοιοῦτον ...: "just as ..., so also ... ."
  
• τοιοῦτον (sc. φαίνεται) καὶ κυνὶ καὶ ὁτῳοῦν ζῴῳ
• ὁτῳοῦν: consult note on ὁτιοῦν in previous section, but note that here only the second part is declined! Sometimes that happens in Greek (LSJ s.v. ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι).
• Μὰ: preposition + acc., "by ...," used in oaths.
• ἔγωγε: expressed nominative personal pronoun, emphatic. What verb should we supply from the context to complete the thought?
  

  ΣΩ. Τί δέ; ἄλλῳ ἀνθρώπῳ ἆρ’ ὅμοιον καὶ σοὶ φαίνεται

ὁτιοῦν; ἔχεις τοῦτο ἰσχυρῶς, ἢ πολὺ μᾶλλον ὅτι οὐδὲ σοὶ

αὐτῷ ταὐτὸν διὰ τὸ μηδέποτε ὁμοίως αὐτὸν σεαυτῷ ἔχειν;

• Τί δέ; "And so what?" or "And what follows?" vel sim.
• ἆρ’: clipped form of ἆρα, used in questions.
• ὅμοιον καὶ σοὶ: when following ὅμοιος, -α, -ον, καί can mean "as," so that τοῦτο ὅμοιον ἐμοὶ καί ὑμῖν φαίνεται means "This seems the same to me as to y'all."
• ἔχεις: ἔχω can be used figuratively, as English "We hold these truths to be self evident ... ."
• ἢ πολὺ μᾶλλον: you need to supply a verb from the context for this clause. ἔχεις will do nicely (usually what needs to be supplied is pretty much the most recent thing that fits the bill).
• ὅτι: remember that ὅτι can introduce indirect speech after a verb or saying or thinking (ἔχεις).
• οὐδὲ: has three meanings, "not even" (as here) or "and ... not" or "nor" (when it comes in a pair).
• οὐδὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ ταὐτὸν: need to supply a verb (and its subject), this time the φαίνεται from a bit farther back works best.
• ταὐτὸν: notice the smoothe breathing over the upsilon? It means that this is a krasis and you need to take it apart into two words. I'm guessing you can figure it out.
• τὸ: Greek is wonderful: it can put a definite article in front of anything and treat that thing as a noun. Here, the article applies to the whole clause that follows it (i.e. μηδέποτε ὁμοίως αὐτὸν σεαυτῷ ἔχειν). This particular use of the article forms an "articular infinitive," because it makes the infinitive ἔχειν into a noun.
  
• μηδέποτε: why μηδέποτε and not οὐδέποτε? Because it is negating an infinitive, and all infinitives (except those in the accusative + infinitive construction of indirect discourse, take μή).
• ὁμοίως αὐτὸν σεαυτῷ ἔχειν: forms of ἔχω + an adverb translate in an unexpected way: ἰσχυρῶς ἔχω means "I am sure," and οὕτως ἔχειν means "to be thus." So what does ὁμοίως ἔχειν mean? αὐτὸν is the subject of ἔχειν. Just as ὅμοιον above took a dative, so its adverbial form here, ὁμοίως, can take the dative σεαυτῷ.

Chris Waldo:

Theaetetus 154.b-c. Commentary

154.b.

Οὐκοῦν: in an affirmative sentence Οὐκοῦν means “surely then.”

ᾧ παραμετρούμεθα: present middle indicative 1^st plural of παραμετρέω, which means “to compare oneself with another thing” in the middle, and that thing is rendered in the dative.

ἢ: this string of three uses of ἢ is actually marking two distinct alternatives, the one between the verbs παραμετρούμεθα and ἐφαπτόμεθα, and the one between the adjectives μέγα, λευκὸν, and θερμὸν.

οὗ ἐφαπτόμεθα: present middle indicative 1^st plural of ἐφάπτω, which in Plato means “to lay hold of or attain to something with the mind” in the middle, and that thing is rendered in the genitive.

ἦν: imperfect active indicative 3^rd singular of εἰμί in the protasis of a mixed contrary to fact condition (Smyth 2310b).  The impersonal subject of ἦν is modified by the adjectives μέγα, λευκὸν, θερμὸν and antecedent to the relative pronouns ᾧ and οὗ.

ποτε: in hypothetical clauses, ποτε means “ever.”

ἄλλῳ προσπεσὸν: aorist active participle neuter singular modifying ἄλλο.  The verb means “to meet or encounter” and takes the dative.

ἄλλο ἂν ἐγεγόνει: ἐγεγόνει is pluperfect active indicative 3^rd singular in the apodosis of a mixed contrary to fact condition (Smyth 2310b).  The use of the pluperfect in this condition stresses the completion of the act or the continuance of the result of the act, and generally refers to present time (Smyth 2306a).

αὐτό: refers back to ἄλλο. 

μηδὲν: the neuter used adverbially to mean “not at all or by no means.”

μεταβάλλον: present active participle modifying αὐτό.

τὸ παραμετρούμενον: “the thing comparing” or “the subject of the comparison.”

ἄλλου προσελθόντος ἤ…παθόντος: genitive absolute.

ἐγένετο: aorist middle indicative 3^rd singular in contrast to the pluperfect above.  The condition is still mixed: imperfect in the protasis and aorist in the apodosis (Smyth 2310a).

νῦν γε: γε has a limiting force, which emphasizes the word or words that it follows.  After νῦν, γε seems to mean “now at any rate” with an emphasis on the immediacy of the present situation.

θαυμαστά τε καὶ γελοῖα: these adjectives in the neuter plural form substantive nouns meaning “amazing and laughable things.”

ἀναγκαζόμεθα λέγειν: it seems that the verb ἀναγκαζόμεθα could either be middle or passive in sense, either “we force ourselves” or “we are forced.”  The infinitive λέγειν is complimentary.

φαίη ἂν: potential optative.

πᾶς ὁ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐκείνῳ ἐπιχειρῶν λέγειν: “every person attempting to say the same things as him.”  λέγειν is an infinitive complimentary to the participle ἐπιχειρῶν, which is made substantive by the definite article ὁ and modified by the adjective πᾶς.  τὰ αὐτὰ is the direct object of λέγειν, and ἐκείνῳ is a dative of reference after τὰ αὐτὰ.

Πῶς: interrogative adverb of manner meaning “how?”

ποῖα: a substantive adjective in the neuter plural meaning “what sort of things?”

154.c.

λαβὲ: aorist imperative of λαμβάνω, the direct object of which is Σμικρὸν… παράδειγμα.

εἴσῃ: future middle indicative 2^nd singular of the verb οἶδα.

ἃ: the antecedent of this relative pronoun is πάντα.

ἀστραγάλους…ἕξ: accusative subject of the accusative/infinitive construction (indirect discourse) caused by φαμὲν as a verb of speaking.

προσενέγκῃς: aorist active subjunctive 2^nd singular of προσφέρω.  This is the protasis of a present general condition.  The aorist προσενέγκῃς indicates the completion of the action before the commencement of the verb in the apodosis (Smyth 2336b).

φαμὲν: present active indicative 3^rd plural of φημί.  This is the apodosis of a present general condition.

εἶναι: the infinitive in an accusative/infinitive construction (indirect discourse) caused by φαμὲν as a verb of speaking.

πλείους…καὶ ἡμιολίους: predicate accusatives in the accusative/infinitive construction (indirect discourse) caused by φαμὲν as a verb of speaking.  The content of the indirect discourse rendered into direct discourse is thus: “six dice are more than and half as much again as four dice.”

τῶν τεττάρων: genitive of comparison with both πλείους…καὶ ἡμιολίους.

ἐὰν δὲ δώδεκα: αὐτοῖς προσενέγκῃς is implied.

ἐλάττους καὶ ἡμίσεις: φαμὲν εἶναι τῶν δώδεκα is implied.

οὐδὲ ἀνεκτὸν: ἐστὶν is implied.

ἀνέξῃ: future middle indicative 2^nd singular of ἀνέχω, which means “to hold up what is one’s own” in the middle.  Here it seems to mean “to maintain one’s own opinion.”

ἔρηται: aorist middle subjunctive 3^rd singular of ἔρομαι meaning “to ask” in the protasis of a future more vivid condition.

ἔσθ': ἐστὶν, here meaning “is it possible?”

ἄλλως ἢ: “other than.”

αὐξηθέν: aorist passive participle neuter singular meaning “having been increased.”

ἀποκρινῇ: future middle indicative 2^nd singular of ἀποκρίνω meaning “to reply” in the middle.  This is the apodosis of a future more vivid condition.

  ΘΕΑΙ. Ἐὰν μέν, ὦ Σώκρατες, τὸ δοκοῦν πρὸς τὴν νῦν (10)

(d.) ἐρώτησιν ἀποκρίνωμαι, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν· ἐὰν δὲ πρὸς τὴν

προτέραν, φυλάττων μὴ ἐναντία εἴπω, ὅτι ἔστιν.

  ΣΩ. Εὖ γε νὴ τὴν Ἥραν, ὦ φίλε, καὶ θείως. ἀτάρ, ὡς

ἔοικεν, ἐὰν ἀποκρίνῃ ὅτι ἔστιν, Εὐριπίδειόν τι συμβήσεται·

ἡ μὲν γὰρ γλῶττα ἀνέλεγκτος ἡμῖν ἔσται, ἡ δὲ φρὴν οὐκ (5)

ἀνέλεγκτος.

  ΘΕΑΙ. Ἀληθῆ.

  ΣΩ. Οὐκοῦν εἰ μὲν δεινοὶ καὶ σοφοὶ ἐγώ τε καὶ σὺ

ἦμεν, πάντα τὰ τῶν φρενῶν ἐξητακότες, ἤδη ἂν τὸ λοιπὸν

(e.) ἐκ περιουσίας ἀλλήλων ἀποπειρώμενοι, συνελθόντες σοφι-

στικῶς εἰς μάχην τοιαύτην, ἀλλήλων τοὺς λόγους τοῖς λόγοις

ἐκρούομεν· νῦν δὲ ἅτε ἰδιῶται πρῶτον βουλησόμεθα θεά-

σασθαι αὐτὰ πρὸς αὑτὰ τί ποτ’ ἐστὶν ἃ διανοούμεθα, πότερον

ἡμῖν ἀλλήλοις συμφωνεῖ ἢ οὐδ’ ὁπωστιοῦν. (5)

  ΘΕΑΙ. Πάνυ μὲν οὖν ἔγωγε τοῦτ’ ἂν βουλοίμην.