Please create a bullet point and post your comments/questions here. You need only make one comment before each class to fulfill this assignment, but that comment needs to be substantive, something that matters to the class, either about Plato or the class itself. I will usually empty this document out the morning of each class.
Your comment here. YOUR LAST NAME HERE
Your comment on someone else’s comment here. YOUR LAST NAME HERE
Next comment here. LAST NAME HERE
Comment ça va?
Etc.
Are these comments actually supposed to be daily or just before each class? Also, regarding gorgias, it was interesting what Callicles said about how suffering wrong was worse than doing wrong. In my personal experience, I find this to be very true. While the guilt for doing wrong is fairly strong, it seems to be short and fleeting. However, the betrayal of being deeply wronged by another person has stuck with me for years. Anyone else have had similar experiences? -K. Peterson
° I agree. Being wronged by someone does seem to stick with oneself longer than doing wrong. However, I would not consider doing wrong to be that much easier, as I often feel very guilty and greatly believe in karma. - Howenstein
While I see the importance of thinking critically about our beliefs about what justice and injustice are, I think logic puzzles on the subject tend to sacrifice nuance for simplicity’s sake. Inference to the best explanation is an important concept to keep in mind here, but at what point does making such assumptions become counterproductive? Perhaps it is when the prioritization of logic ahead of empathy leads to the erasure of the complexities of existing as a moral creature. I would argue this is very difficult (if not impossible? I need to think about it more) to avoid while making the logical arguments necessary in order to make generalizations beyond the self. — McAdams
I got to wondering while reading the Gorgias section about power what a real example of a powerful person in contemporary society might look like. The factor of power involving having your needs fulfilled seems relatively common, but the factor involving independence is remarkably rare. There are so many systems and conventions in place that compel our behavior in one way or another (not unlike the tyrant) that it seems no one is truly powerful unless they’re some sort of hermit recluse or something. -Todt
The idea that gods exist solely on the fact that humans created them is something I’ve thought about a lot. I consider myself agnostic because the idea I found the idea of a god existing independent from humans a bit irrational. To me, religion seems to exist within ones mind so any form of god or gods must therefore only exist because humans invented them. The rationalization of unexplained phenomena
In the writing Socrates often calls people just and unjust but I think actions are more just and unjust and people are just compared to average or unjust compared to average but no one is completely just or unjust. He does sort of come to this conclusion as he rules out justice being what the people in power decide because they don’t always make the decisions best for them. -Lampert
When it comes to the argument analyses is it more important to show a well formed argument or support it with meta comments? - Winberry
I really enjoyed the discussion of why the g-ds need humans. My personal thoughts on this besides that the g-ds only exist if humans do to believe in them is that g-ds also need humans to have something intelligent enough to control. They need entertainment, a show if you will, therefore they need to write it with humans. Also, I do not think humans would exist without g-ds themselves because the human mind has always needed an outside force to rely on to keep us sane in the everchanging universe. (if u don’t believe in a g-d now u often believe in science) - Fensterer
I also really enjoyed that discussion. Though, question for you... Why have you omitted the “o” in gods? If you don’t feel like answering you don’t have to.
I find the connection between spirituality and ethics very interesting. The use of religious doctrine as justification in judicial proceedings explored in Plato’s dialogues can still be seen in politics today. This makes me wonder how some people think theistic reasons are sufficient to justify ethical action. Perhaps they think a venn diagram of theistic reasons and ethical reasons is a circle? — McAdams
I’m particularly interested in the idea of “existence dependent on people (or engagement). It’s similar to how if you bolster the semantics of a word, that’s the only way the word will retain any meaning (whether those connotations be negative or positive). I mean, most everything—every group, every religion, every community—is one hundred percent reliant on human beings, or else it is left in a state of vulnerability, like the Gods. I also don’t think that Socrates is a trickster – it's evident to me that Socrates loves consuming knowledge and will stop at no cost to immerse himself in a full-fledged learning environment. I think the Symposium is the best example (that I can name, at least) of Socrates being a seriously pensive figure who can sit through hours of knowledge-spouting for the sake of obtaining new paradigms on concepts as convoluted as love. - Antinoph
With Gorgias being a longer piece than Euthyphro, I found myself having a difficult time writing my argument analysis. - C. Johnson
I enjoyed writing this first argument analysis- as I haven’t really taken any philosophy classes, the analysis helps me learn how to track different arguments as I read Socrates’ dialogues. -Holden
Using the argument analysis to get back into the mode of critically thinking was super helpful. Although I have already read the Euthyphro many times, it is always helpful looking and working on different arguments then you have done before. Will we always get told what specific sections to analysis or will there ever be an argument analysis where we choose? -DiNapoli
I discovered a seemingly unintentional comedic element towards the beginning of Gorgias, where Socrates felt the need to interrupt and preemptively apologize for acknowledging the faults in Gorgias’ logic. Socrates stuck true to his character, as I understand him so far, by reminding Gorgias that he had a strong intellectual contender and that he could back out if he wished. I was amused by the entire exchange from 457d-458e, as their sophisticated, formal disagreement could be construed as passive aggression. -Slade
I am looking forward to reading more of Plato’s “middle” dialogues. I think that Gorgias is a similar dialogue to Euthyphro in that both aim to discuss what virtue is and what it means to possess it. In the Euthyphro Socrates is careful to not say very much about what he believes virtue is. Whereas I think that in Gorgias Socrates may begin to develop a more complete understanding of virtue.
Michael Scott
I found Plato’s commentary on self-discipline to be the most interesting. This is the first time a Socratic dialogue has made me reflect on how I live my own life, and what qualities I should strive for to be a better person. It’s fascinating that even after so much time, connections can be drawn between Plato’s world and our own. It makes me think about how messages in literature can extend across generations, and how the meaning subsequently changes for those reading it. -Winters
I was very interested in the variety of ways Plato’s arguments could be interpreted. It may just be a result of the translations from the original, or it may be that Plato wanted to keep a certain amount of interpretation available in his work. ---Jack Luna
Jack I
agree. Sometimes I am not sure if I am interpreting it wrong
through the translation because I do not understand how the
verbiage was intended to be interpreted. Regardless, I like
how whether someone is right or wrong with their
interpretation, it facilities
great discusses.
- C. Johnson
- I think that this question is interesting. First, Plato interprets his argument from his own conscious mind. The translator then interprets the text, changing words that each hold so much individual value. Finally, we interpret the translator's words, each reading through our unique lens. The layers between the original arguments and our understanding of the arguments add up quickly! -Lynch
● The Gorgias is quite different from the previous passages we have read. We see a turn in dialogue dynamic as Socrates speaks to the different men, but most notably when he is speaking to Polus. When speaking to Polus, Socrates seems almost to consider the discussion a waste of time which is interesting since Socrates prides himself on being willing to speak to anyone who will listen, rich or poor, when they have an intelligent stance on a matter (which Socrates does not deny Polus has). Socrates also seems to be unimpressed when Polus questions him. - Ste. Marie
I thought Professor’s Bailly’s comment on (Mark Mcfarrin? ) definition of piety something I have been tossing about in my head for a couple days. Particularly (if I understand correctly) the point that piety towards the gods can be to benefit the person and that’s why the gods want it. This resonated with me, as a parent with kids, I often insist on kids eating veggies, exercising/getting fresh air, taking vitamins, reducing screen time ect. And when I sometimes strongly insist they do it, it’s because I believe it will be beneficial to them. Therefore, my ‘rules’ and ‘consequences’ are not for my benefit of lording over them but because I think it will help them be healthier and happier in the long run, even though they sometimes see it as being mean or pointless. Perhaps the follow-up question would then be –how- does piety benefit a person? ~MaryDove
I found Socrates and Gorgias discussion about knowledge and the truth of your teacher very intriguing as a student of philosophy. Socrates argues to Gorgias that all professions instill persuasion and that those who learned from a teacher were persuaded. Philosophy is a discussion, and it can't always be proven via direct examples of processes like arithmetic. Based on this discussion, should we discount the words of our teacher and our contemporaries and strictly pursue our own beliefs? -Murphy
Abby Anderson: Socrates uses the same kind of nonpatronizing argument in Gorgias as was used in Euthyphro, it seems quite interesting that Plato writes the same kinds of arguments repeatedly because it shows how headstrong people structure arguments as well as serving good lessons on how to deal with these arguments.
It's starting to become apparent to me how Plato often uses Socrates to guide the conversations towards his desired conclusion, and I noticed especially in this text how often the responses of those other than Socrates are entirely mono syllabic, often nothing more than yes or no. It’s possible that this is done to frame Socrates as the wiser of the participants. -John
What I found extremely interesting that I found from Socrates does and is evident from Euthyphro is how Socrates really wants an actual definition. The reason that he wants this is to actually be able to teach and convey ideas in a more accurate way then if there were just general ideas that sort of relate to the specific word that you are trying to define. This is so the conversation is more or less progressive. - Wilczynski
The Gorgias idea of shame was interesting in the fact of what shame actually is? Is shame guilt or regret or neither? Shame is seen constantly in today's society with the shunning of people from communities and that brings great shame on them. But whatever they did to deserve that shame may be better than enduring not being shunned. - Fensterer
I don’t quite understand Socrates as making a distinction between shame and guilt... I do think that Socrates believes a person can change and must take responsibility for action/soul/intellect. That seems to me different from my (uneducated) understanding of some religions that use shunning> In those religions there is an almost “that person is unclean/dead to the group” which seems to me to differ from Socrates who says “he should not keep his wrongdoing hidden but bring it out into the open, so that he may pay his due and get well.” (480 c-3) Therefore an unjust person isn’t dead or shunned but has the chance at reconciliation with group/society. here is a short youtube clip of Dr. Brene Brown (Shame researcher) talking about the difference between shame: which is “I am bad” vs, guilt: “I did a bad thing”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqGFrId-IQg
.
After reading the Gorgias and writing up my argument analysis there’s one questions that’s been on my mind. If two people are committing the same justly act, the results are the exact same, but the reasoning behind their actions is completely different. One did it for personal gain, the other did it because it felt good. Are these two people equally just in their actions, because the results were the same, or is the person who did it for personal gain more wicked because their intentions were selfish? -DiNapoli
I’ve always wondered whether Ancient Greece was a society that embraced homosexuality or if it was a place guided solely by pervasive androcentricism. After Thursday’s lecture, I think it’s safe to assume that of the latter. I suppose there was no true concept of homosexuality during Antiquity either. - Antinoph
^I highly recommend you take one of Penny Evans’ gender and sexuality classes! They opened my eyes a lot to sexuality and how it was perceived in antiquity. -Holden
When Polus and Socrates are discussing what is worse, doing the unjust or receiving it, it's important to notice what the definition of worse is in this situation. Worse being badness of suffering or enduring the shameful act of doing it. It could be argued both ways, but it seems doing the unjust is worse because it surpasses the latter in badness. But does that mean if you had a choice to do one you would rather receive the badness? - Jake Bair
As I was writing my argument analysis, I started to question who decides what is just and what is not. Justice is incredibly subjective. Who can decide, with complete confidence, that a punishment is deserved? Should those structures of authority be questioned? And what methods of punishment are just themselves? -Winters
I appreciate you writing this out as I was thinking along similar lines, but was having difficulty expressing it. In my reading I came to the conclusion that as justice is so subjective all structures of authority that claim to deal in “justice” should be subject to questioning and scrutiny. That was my gut feeling, however I have no logical reasoning to back it up at the moment. I hope a deeper re-reading of this text will help with that! - Walker
•I am finding that the Gorgias argument analysis requires a closer read than in Euthyphro. Specifically, I am having trouble making out 474 e lines 3-6.
-Michael Scott.
In 456d – 457c, Gorgias makes the argument that a teacher should not be held accountable for how their lessons are used by the student, whether justly or unjustly. The example is given of the boxer and the physical trainer, and to an extent I understand this argument. Considering a modern context, however, I wonder what Gorgias would think of someone like Robert Oppenheimer, or the other scientists who developed the first weapons of mass destruction. While they may not be responsible for pushing the “big red button,” are they still partly responsible for the damage done? I suppose a distinction could be made between the creation of nuclear weapons and taught skills, so perhaps the application of this question isn’t fair. -Slade
- (In response to Slade) I think this is an interesting concept to try to create a clear distinction for. Perhaps there is a difference between someone who teaches you the knowledge needed for creating something and someone who they themselves uses their knowledge to create something that is dangerous. Surely the person who has taught something cannot ever avoid teaching something that can be abused. However, the one creating something first-hand with nothing more than abusive power cannot be considered the same way.- Ste. Marie
While reading I was wondering how Socrates would come to terms with the fact that by modern standards, he himself had partaken in unjust and harmful acts, seeing as he applied so much value to both knowing what was unjust and acting accordingly. - Dane
Was I the only one who really enjoyed reading the Gorgias. I loved the way it was basically split up into 3 parts that were very distinguishable from each other. I also enjoyed the casual speech particularly when Socrates is perusing Gorgias about the nature of oratory. I found it interesting how Socrates formed different arguments about the nature and value of rhetoric. -Murphy
It is interesting to me how Socrates makes the argument that suffering harm is better than doing it as part of a larger argument about orators. It makes it slightly more difficult to read, as you have to keep track of two threads of logic, but you end up with two conclusions instead of three. --Jack Luna
In speaking about the unjustness of oratory, Socrates says, “And if his crimes merit the death penalty, he should scheme to keep him from being executed, preferably never to die at all but to live on forever in corruption” (481a6-8). I’m excited to read The Phaedo and learn more about Socrates' death. It seems like Socrates lives his life in just the way that he speaks of it, and I am curious if he dies in the same way. -Jack Lynch
One
thing Socrates does that I find especially interesting the Gorgias
is his use of analogical argument. By using this technique,
Socrates is
able to convey
what his point is by first talking about things that you can see,
such as boats or houses. Then, after tempering the water, he is
able to get
to something closer to his point, which is the soul. I just find
this argument strategy very effective for being able to start
articulating or conveying ideas to others. - Wilczynski