Sept 24

Population

I. Death Rate Decline

II. Immigration

http://www.uvm.edu/~awoolf/classes/fall2007/ec110/Sept24.html

Demographic Transition

http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/geography/Demotrans/demtran.htm

Great Britain Female

Great Britain Male

India Female (Yellow) (note anti girl bias)

India Male (similar to GB late 1800s)

Niger Female

Niger Male

17^th Century England Male

17^th Century England Female

Survivorship curve: Survivorship curves keep track of the fate of any given birth cohort. They show the percent still living at a given age. Nowadays in the developed world few children die before reproduction. In Great Britain in 1999 only 1% of all children born alive died by the age of five (compared to 10% in India, and 35% in Niger). However, 300 years ago it was quite a different matter, as the graph above illustrates. In the City of York (England) in the 17th. Century, only 15% made it to the threshold of reproduction (15 yrs.). Only 10% remained alive by the age of twenty. With so few females living to reproduction, only a high fertility rate could maintain the population. Note that changes with economic development, as shown by Niger and India. Note also the impact of bias against females in India on their survival -- otherwise, India's curve in 1999 is very similar to Great Britain's for the late 19th. C. (not shown).

Hans Rosling

http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/92