{"id":3214,"date":"2026-04-06T11:36:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T15:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.seagrant.w3.uvm.edu\/?page_id=3214"},"modified":"2026-04-17T10:18:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T14:18:28","slug":"reducing-use-of-deicing-salt-for-businesses-custodial-staff","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/reducing-use-of-deicing-salt-for-businesses-custodial-staff\/","title":{"rendered":"Reducing Use of Deicing Salt for Businesses &amp; Custodial Staff"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why are we concerned about salt use on hard surfaces during winter?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During winter months, business&nbsp;parking lots and sidewalks must be kept&nbsp;free of snow and ice&nbsp;to allow&nbsp;customers safe access. These areas are often salted due to&nbsp;liability risks associated with slip and fall accidents. At the same time, businesses incur&nbsp;costs associated with buildings and other infrastructure that deteriorate&nbsp;prematurely&nbsp;and\/or become unsafe as a result of salt degradation. The good news is that businesses can keep surfaces free of ice and snow while also limiting their use of salt. This can&nbsp;save time, money, and help to&nbsp;protect the environment and infrastructure!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To minimize salt used during winter, business owners can take the following actions:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reduce the area that is shoveled and salted<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 While ingress and egress to businesses is critical for customer safety, if a business has multiple sidewalks that all lead to a single door, owners and managers might consider if it may be possible to shovel&nbsp;and salt only one of those pathways during winter months. Reducing the area maintained can significantly reduce use of salt.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shovel first<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 In areas that are maintained in winter, business owners and managers should always shovel before adding salt. By removing the snow first, it will take less salt to treat the area and the salt will work more quickly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consider snow melt pathways&nbsp;when positioning snow piles<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 Shovel or plow snow into piles in areas where the snow&nbsp;melt will not drain across pathways that customers generally follow to enter or leave the business. Such preventative action will reduce salt use as the melt water&nbsp;will not become a hazard to customers if it freezes at night or on colder days.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Try anti-icing<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 Consider spreading a 23.3% mixture of salt and water on sidewalks and parking lots ahead of snow storms. The goal is to prevent the bond between the ice or snow and the pavement. This makes it easier to shovel or plow, reducing the amount of salt needed. Liquid salt brine&nbsp;can be purchased pre-made to make this simple for business owners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use alternative products<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 Many deicing products contain chloride, which is a pollutant of primary concern in surface water bodies and drinking water&nbsp;wells. However, there are other non-chloride-based products, such as sodium and potassium acetate,&nbsp;which&nbsp;are effective at keeping icy surfaces at bay. However, they tend to be more expensive than salt, which often limits their use.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Maintain 3-inch&nbsp;spacing between grains of salt<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 For businesses that may salt sidewalks, entry areas, or parking lots by hand, a rule of thumb is that grains of salt should be no closer than 3 inches&nbsp;apart. Another guideline is to use no more than 1 to 1.5 cups of salt per every two parking lot&nbsp;spaces or 10 sidewalk squares.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use an infrared thermometer<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 Businesses can use a handheld infrared thermometer to determine the pavement temperature. Only use sodium chloride (rock salt) if pavement temperature is above 15F. If&nbsp;the pavement temperature is above 32F and the day is forecast to only get warmer,&nbsp;salting is not needed until temperatures are forecast to drop below 32F. Pavement temperature can also be used to determine how much salt (sodium chloride) to spread.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use less salt when pavement temperatures are warmer\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013\u00a0When the pavement is 30F, 1 pound\u00a0of sodium chloride (salt) will melt about 46 pounds\u00a0of ice in 5 minutes, but when the pavement temperature is 15F, 1 pound of salt will melt only about 6 pounds of ice in an hour. Business owners or managers and contractors can use our handy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uvm.edu\/seagrant\/deicing-product-application-rate-calculator\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3308\">deicing product calculator<\/a>\u00a0to determine how much salt is recommended based on conditions at the site and the product being used to prevent ice formation and build-up. Also, you can refer to\u00a0the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mnltap.umn.edu\/publications\/handbooks\/documents\/snowice.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Minnesota Snow and Ice Control Field Handbook for Snowplow Operators (PDF)<\/a>\u00a0which\u00a0shows the range of amounts of salt needed and times to melt ice at varied pavement temperatures. Products\u00a0other than sodium chloride\u00a0must be used to prevent ice formation when pavement temperatures are below 15F as sodium chloride\u00a0is no longer effective at such temperatures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sweep up extra salt and reuse&nbsp;it<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 If too much salt is accidentally left during one storm&nbsp;and piles of salt are left on the pavement following the storm, businesses can sweep up the extra salt and reuse it during a future storm. If it is left on the pavement, it will move with snow melt or stormwater runoff to nearby vegetation, to a local storm drain (that generally enters directly into water bodies without treatment), or directly into a local water body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/go.uvm.edu\/saltpledge2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pledge to Use Less Salt to Protect the Environment<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Business owners and managers can commit to moving their business towards using more salt savvy and sustainable practices.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/go.uvm.edu\/saltpledge2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Use&nbsp;this link to pledge commitment<\/a>&nbsp;to reducing salt as a business representative or individually.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How-Tos for Custodians and Others Managing Building Entryways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following videos, made in partnership with University of Vermont custodial staff and with support of NEIWPCC and the Lake Champlain Basin Program, Michael White shares tips for using a liquid product called&nbsp;<em>Entry<\/em>&nbsp;and general salt application and clean up guidelines for custodians and other professionals who have responsibility to manage snow and ice outside of building entryways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-essential-blocks-accordion  root-eb-accordion-lu2cf\"><div class=\"eb-parent-wrapper eb-parent-eb-accordion-lu2cf \"><div class=\"eb-accordion-container eb-accordion-lu2cf\" data-accordion-type=\"accordion\" data-tab-icon=\"dashicons-plus-alt2\" data-expanded-icon=\"dashicons-minus\" data-transition-duration=\"500\"><div class=\"eb-accordion-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-essential-blocks-accordion-item eb-accordion-item-jbbes eb-accordion-wrapper\" data-clickable=\"false\"><div class=\"eb-accordion-title-wrapper eb-accordion-title-wrapper-eb-accordion-lu2cf\" tabindex=\"0\"><span class=\"eb-accordion-icon-wrapper eb-accordion-icon-wrapper-eb-accordion-lu2cf\"><span class=\"dashicon dashicons dashicons-plus-alt2 eb-accordion-icon\"><\/span><\/span><div class=\"eb-accordion-title-content-wrap title-content-eb-accordion-lu2cf\"><h3 class=\"eb-accordion-title\">How-To Videos<\/h3><\/div><\/div><div class=\"eb-accordion-content-wrapper eb-accordion-content-wrapper-eb-accordion-lu2cf\"><div class=\"eb-accordion-content\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Tips for Salting Entryways from UVM Custodial Lead\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Hc6Vbjpc7HE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic Tips (English)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/O3xmyfbE3XE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">English <em>Entry<\/em> use<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial part 2: How to use Entry, the liquid product\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Mn00rsncByg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic Tips (Chinese)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial (Chinese)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/F_GmKSLX1Sw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Entry <\/em>tips (Chinese)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial part 2: How to use Entry, the liquid product (Chinese)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oFdTzXv3phA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic Tips (French)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial (French)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sd67X7ocV3Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Entry<\/em> Tips (French)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial part 2: How to use Entry, the liquid product (French)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LFtvnJ9j0tU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic Tips (Nepali)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial (Nepali)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sRFT44bQjDg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Entry<\/em> Tips (Nepali)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial part 2: How to use Entry, the liquid product (Nepali)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bmO-r4B4YGM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic Tips (Vietnamese)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial (Vietnamese)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QTpiKY9nd5g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Entry<\/em> Tips (Vietnamese)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"UVM Custodial Salt Tutorial part 2: How to use Entry, the liquid product (Vietnamese)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pgyHhBQUU9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why are we concerned about salt use on hard surfaces&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-3214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3214"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3331,"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3214\/revisions\/3331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/seagrant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=3214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}