University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Department of Anthropology

Dr. Michele Rivkin-Fish

 

Office hours:  T 1-3 and by appt.

Phone: 962-3353

Email: mrfish@unc.edu

 

 Ant 499:001: Health and Gender After Socialism

 

M W F 1-1:50                                                        Alumni Hall 207

Fall 2006

 

When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, observers around the world celebrated the advent of freedom and democracy after decades of communist rule. Yet in the immediate aftermath of these broad-based reforms, shocking deteriorations in public health registered across Eastern Europe and the former Soviet republics. Sexually transmitted diseases skyrocketed, the birth rate plummeted, and Russian men’s life expectancy declined to only 57 years in the late 1990s, to name just a few of the problems people in this region face.

 

What can an anthropological analysis of public health and gender reveal about the complex processes of building new political-economic systems based on democracy and market reforms? As health indicators continued to decline over the last 15 years, scores of analyses have been published to try and explain the post-Soviet health crisis, and numerous international and domestic projects have been implemented to try and reverse its various aspects. At stake in these efforts are representations of the socialist system and process of democratization, the workings of global and local health development programs, as well as the political-economic interests of a variety of competing actors.

 

            This course examines the experiences of post-socialist countries as a means of understanding the relationship between political-economic, social, and cultural transitions, on the one hand, and challenges in public health and gender relations, on the other. Our focus is on Eastern Europe, but select case studies from China will also be included. Three main goals will guide our discussions: 1) to illuminate and understand the ways health and disease are related to broader processes of political and cultural change; 2) to understand how transitions from state socialism to market-based democracies raise challenges for social welfare, equality, and public health; 3) to explore the ways anthropological perspectives on health and social change compare and contrast with related disciplinary approaches, from public health to sociology. Following an introductory examination of gender and public health issues historically and theoretically, the course is organized according to 3 overarching public health problems related to gender: 1)Reproduction; 2)Sexuality; and 3)Masculinities/ Crisis in Male Mortality.



There is 1 required book and 1 suggested book for the course.

 

Required: Rivkin-Fish, Michele 2005. Women’s Health in Post-Soviet Russia: The Politics of Intervention. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

 

Suggested (we will read several articles from this text and it will be a good resource for your review essays) Gal, Susan, and Kligman, Gail. 2000. Reproducing Gender: Politics, Publics, and Everyday Life after Socialism. Princeton University Press.

 

In addition, articles will be available on reserve in the library or at a convenient site in Alumni Hall.

 

Course Requirements:

1) Consistent attendance and active participation is required. Thoughtful participation based on the course readings counts for 15% of your grade.

 

Three (3) unexcused absences will result in the loss of 10% of your final grade. The following are acceptable reasons for excused absences: 1) serious illness; 2) illness or death of a family member; 3) University related trips.  For any of these absences you need to provide me with written document stating the date of and reason for the absence, signed by a doctor or other official, with a contact phone number where I can reach them.  Additionally, you may be excused for major religious holidays that the University has not officially recognized. 

 

2) Leading Class Discussions: Once during each of our four themes, you will be responsible for leading class discussion of the readings. Your responsibilities include preparing a list of 5-7 written questions on the readings that are designed to elicit the main issues in the texts, key debates they involve, and/or critiques you may have of the article. In addition to these questions, you should prepare a brief introductory discussion of links between the week’s articles, comparisons/contrasts with other course readings, and other issues of disciplinary or thematic concern.

These 4 exercises count for 10% each or a total of 40% of your grade.

 

3) Three preliminary literature review essays & presentations on a topic of your choice that is related to the latter 3 class themes (reproduction, sexuality, masculinities). Instructions for these assignments (written and oral components) are below. These essays/presentations count for 15% each or 45% of your grade.

 

 

Instructions for Research Papers:

 

Preliminary Literature Reviews and Concept Papers: This is your opportunity to explore an area of personal interest regarding gender and health after socialism. You will undertake preliminary literature reviews on topics of your choice that are broadly related to each of the 3 themes of our class (reproduction, sexuality, and masculinity and men’s health). You must use at least three scholarly articles (or one entire book) for each research paper.

 

Please organize your research paper in the following way:

 

1) Introduction: Describe the topic of the study both empirically and theoretically and justify its importance. 

 

2) Review the existing literature on the subject by summarizing the findings of the articles you’ve found, discussing their disciplinary approaches (theory and method), and the broader debates they are partaking in.

 

3) Compare and contrast the findings of your research with the readings we have done in class. Refer specifically to our readings.

 4) Develop an anthropological critique of the issue, either by raising concerns about the assumptions and blind spots of the existing literature, and/or by re-conceptualizing how an anthropological study of the topic might proceed.

 

5) Conclude by describing your personal reaction to the articles and topics.

 

Instructions for Oral Presentations

 

Students will make oral presentations on their research projects this semester. Presentations should be interesting, involving, and informative to the class. The research projects are intended to offer you an opportunity to explore issues of your personal interest, and I hope the oral presentations will stimulate interesting discussions on these topics. Oral presentations should be conducted in the following way:

 

1) Introduction: Begin with the research question, problem, or paradox that captured your interest in the issue being examined. Capture your audience’s interest from the beginning!

 

2) Summarize the literature review you undertook, highlighting the most interesting, unexpected, and/or problematic aspects of the studies you’ve read.

 

3) Compare/ contrast your findings with those in the course readings and with the anthropological approach being developed in class. 

 

4) Conclusion: Summarize your main points again and offer some comments on what further issues you would be interested in exploring, what new questions were raised for you in this study, and what problems you found with the material you examined. Your presentation can be critical of the data available, and can suggest new sets of questions that need to be examined! You may also describe your personal reactions to the material.

 

5) Question and Answer Period: Ask for questions from the audience and engage the class in discussion.

 

***************************************************************************

 Course Schedule: (Subject to Revision)

  Introduction

Wed Aug 23- Fri. Aug. 25

Introduction                             

 

Wk 1 Aug 28-30-Sept.1

Introductory Departures: Conceptualizing Health and the Aftermath of Socialism

 

Shlapentokh, Vladimir, 2005. “Russia’s Demographic Decline and the Public Reaction” Europe-Asia Studies 57 (7):951-968.

 

Tikhonova, Nataliia E. 2004. “Social Exclusion in Russian Society” Sociological Research vol. 43, no.3, pp.31-53.

 

Wk 2   NO CLASS Monday Sept. 4 LABOR DAY

Sept 6-8

 

Introductory Departures: Conceptualizing Anthropological Approaches to Health

 

Kleinman, Arthur, and Adriana Petryna, 2001. “Health, Anthropological Aspects” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.

 

Nguyen, Vinh-Kim, and Karine Peschard 2003. “Anthropology, Inequality, and Disease: A Review” Annual Review of Anthropology 32:447-74.

 

Wk 3              

Sept. 11-13-15

Introductory Departures: Conceptualizing Gender and State Socialism            

Baranskaya, Natalya. 1974.”A Week Like Any Other Week,” The Massachusetts Review

pp. 657-703.

 

Snitow, Ann.  1999. “Cautionary Tales” Proceedings of the 93rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of International  Law March 24-27, pp.35-42.

 

Wk 4

Sept 18-20-22

Introductory Departures: Coping and Creating Gendered Identities in a Market Society

Marody and Giza-Poleszczuk, 2000. “Changing Images of Identity in Poland: From the Self-Sacrificing to the Self-Investing Woman?” in Reproducing Gender, eds. Gal and Kligman pp.151-175.

 

Kovacs, Katalin and Monika Varadi, “Women’s Life Trajectories and Class Formation in Hungary” in Reproducing Gender, p.176-199.

 

Burowoy, Michael, Tatiana Lytkina, et al. “Involution and Destitution in Capitalist Russia” Ethnography vol.1 No. 1, pp.43-65.

 

Theme 1: Reproduction

Wk 5              

Sept. 25-27-29

                                                                                      

Reproductive Politics after the Cold War

Rivkin-Fish, Michele 2005. Women’s Health in Post-Soviet Russia: The Politics of Intervention. Chapter 1

 

Zielinska, Eleonora, 2000. “Between Ideology, Politics, and Common Sense: The Discourse of Reproductive Rights in Poland” in Reproducing Gender, pp.23-57.

 

Wolchik, Sharon. “Reproductive Policies in the Czech and Slovak Republics,” Reproducing Gender,  pp.58-91.

 

Wk 6   October 2 No Class Yom Kippur

Oct 4-6

Reproductive Health Services and the Reproduction of Cultural Strategies

Rivkin-Fish, Michele 2005. Women’s Health in Post-Soviet Russia: The Politics of Intervention.

Chapters 4, 5, & 6.

 

Farquar, Judith. 1996. “Market Magic: Getting Rich and Getting Personal in Medicine after Mao.”  American Ethnologist 23(2): 239-257.

 

Wk 7  

Oct 9-11-13

Reproduction and Totalitarian Aftermaths: The Case of Romania

Kligman, Gail. 1998. The Politics of Duplicity: Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu’s Romania. University of California Press. Pages TBA

 

Baban, Adriana 2000. “Women’s Sexuality and Reproductive Behavior in Post-Ceausescu Romania: A Psychological Approach” in Reproducing Gender, eds. Gal and Kligman pp. 225-255.

 

Wk 8  

Oct 16 ------No Class Wed- Fri. Oct. 18-20 Fall Break

Domestic Violence and Gender Politics: Struggles for a Voice, Struggles for Change

 

Zakirova, Venera 2005. “War Against the Family: Domestic Violence and Human Rights in Russia—A View from the Bashkortostan Republic” Current Sociology 53(1):75-91.

 

Mrsevic, Zorica, “Belgrade’s SOS Hotline for Women and Children Victims of Violence: A Report” in Reproducing Gender, pp. 370-392.

 

Hemment, Julie. 2004. “Global Civil Society and the Local Costs of Belonging: Defining Violence Against Women in Russia” Signs 29(3).

 

Theme 2: Sexuality

Wk 9  

Oct 23-25-27

Sex and the Policing of Morality

Kon, Igor, 1995. The Sexual Revolution in Russia, pp.51-125.

 

Rivkin-Fish, Michele 2005. Women’s Health in Post-Soviet Russia: The Politics of Intervention. Chapter 3.

 

Optional: Farquar, Judith 2002 Appetites: Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China. Durham: Duke University Press. Chapters 4 & 5Writing the Self: The Romance of the Personal” and “Sexual Science: The Representation of Behavior”

(Research Papers and Oral Presentations on Reproduction Theme Due Monday; First Session of Oral Presentations – Monday).

 

 

Wk 10            

Oct.30-Nov.1-3                      

Sexually Transmitted Infections, Social Control and Cultural Meanings

 

Goodwin, et.al, 2003 “Social Representations of HIV/AIDS in Central and Eastern EuropeSocial Science and Medicine. Vol. 56 No.7 pp.1373-1384.

 

Hyde, Sandra. 2002 “The Cultural Politics of HIV/AIDS and the Chinese State in Late-Twentieth Century Yunnan,” Tsantsa (The Review of the Swiss Society of Ethnology) Winter no.7.

 

Hyde, Sandra. 2000 “Selling Sex and Side-stepping the State: Prostitutes, Condoms, and HIV/AIDS Prevention in Southwest China.” East Asia: An International Quarterly Vol. 18, no.4, Winter.

 

Theme 3 Masculinities and the Crisis in Male Mortality

 

Wk 12

Nov 6-8-10                                     

Conceptualizing the Causes, Representing the Problems

 

Eberstadt, “Russia: Too Sick to Matter?” Policy Review June 1999. available on line at:

http://policyreview.org/jun99/eberstadt_print.html

 

Watson, Peggy 1995. “Explaining Rising Mortality Among Men in Eastern EuropeSocial Science and Medicine 41(7): 923-934.

 

(Research Papers Due; Second Session of Oral Presentations – Monday).

 

Wk 12            

Nov 13-15-17

Reconstructing Masculinity after Socialism

 

Kukhterin, Sergei “Fathers and Patriarchs in Communist and Post-Communist Russia” In Sarah Ashwin, ed. Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia pp.71-89.

 

Borenstein, Eliot 2006. “Selling Russia—Prostitution, Masculinity, and Metaphors of Nationalism after Perestroika”  in Gender and National Identity in Twentieth Century Russian Culture, H. Goscilo and  A. Lanoux, eds., pp.174-195.

 

Hashamova, Yana 2006. Castrated Patriarchy, Violence, and Gender Hierarchies in Post-Soviet Film” in Gender and National Identity in Twentieth Century Russian Culture. H. Goscilo and  A. Lanoux, eds. pp.196-224.

 

 

Wk 13            

Nov 20 (No school Thanksgiving Nov. 22-24)

Alcohol, Culture and Gender

           

Segal, Boris. 1991. “Soviet Drinking Behavior” From The Drunken Society: Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in the Soviet Union. A Comparative Study. Hippocrene Books. Pp.  93-130.

 

Polowy, “Russian Women Writing Alcoholism: The Sixties to the Present in Postcommunism and the Body Politic, Ed. Ellen E. Berry, NY: New York University Press, pp.267-295.

 

Pesmen, Dale 2000. “Standing Bottles, Washing Deals, and Drinking for the Soul” in Russia and Soul. Cornell University Press. Chapter 8.

 

Wk 14

Nov. 27-29-Dec. 1

TB, Prisons, and War: Class Marginality

 

Koch, Erin “Beyond Suspicion” American Ethnologist.

 

Paxson, Margaret. 2001. The Ghosts of War: Russia’s Sons Come Home From ChechnyaWashington Post Magazine pp. 9-12.

 

Wk 15            

Dec.4-6

Discussions (Research Papers Due; 3rd Session/Oral Presentations, wrap-up Wednesday.)