I
examine population
dynamics within
pest-crop agroecosystems
including the potential
effects of climate
change. Additionally, I
create experimental
games to quantify the
decision making
processes in various
environmental arenas. To
address these systems, I
synthesize information
derived from field data,
experimental gaming data
using a variety of
quantitative techniques
including data
simulation, population
modeling, spatiotemporal
forecast modeling and
landscape ecology. An
important goal of my
work is the
creation of applicable
and predictive models to
reduce the negative
impacts on ecosystems.
For example, I develop
models that help inform
Integrated Pest
Management systems,
reduce the spread of
disease in our hoofstock
industries, and improve
water quality in the
Lake Champlain
watershed.
University
of Vermont 63 Carrigan
Drive Jeffords
Hall, Rm 217 Burlington,
VT 05405-1737 Ph: (802)
656-0711 Fax: (802)
656-4656 Scott.C.Merrill(at)UVM.edu
Recent news
March 2016 Come join me when I talk
about Experimental Game research and the
next steps towards advancing data
gathering for complex, social-ecological
systems. The talk will be on March 25th,
2016 in Jeffords 112 at 1:30.
Refreshments will be available in
Jeffords 107 at 1:00 prior to the talk.
February 2016 We are running
experimental games that to examine the
effect of information and uncertainty on
adoption of animal health protocols by
swine producers. Our results should
provide help us reduce the potential
negative impact of new or emerging
diseases on livestock welfare.
February 2016 A Research on Adaptation
to Climate Change retreat offered me a
chance to talk about recent advances in
collecting data to study
social-ecological systems such as
collecting data using experimental
games. Check out the talk here!
August 2015 Our interns successfully
completed and presented on their
experimental game research at the
NEWRnet regional conference. I was very
impressed with their work and look
forward to continuing to collaborate
with them in the future.
July 2015 Noah El-Naboulsi and Arkia
Wynn are running experimental games and
collecting data.
June 2015 The interns are here! Both
NEWRnet and RACC interns have arrived
for orientation at UVM. I had the
pleasure of introducing each of these
groups to RACC's Policy and Governance
team and NEWRnet's Social Dimensions
team. Additionally, we had the first
successful test of the SEGS lab's mobile
simulation and gaming capacity. We
brought all 17 tablets over from the
SEGS lab to UVM's Davis Center to play a
new experimental game. This new game is
a temporally dynamic interactive farming
and river pollution game (written by
yours truly in R!)
April 2015 We just received the largest
grant that the College of Agriculture
and Life Sciences has ever received.
This project titled A human behavioral
approach to reducing the impact of
livestock pest or disease incursions of
socio-economic importance will research
ways to reduce the negative impacts of
new, emerging diseases to our hoofstock
(the pork, dairy and beef industries).
How did I get involved in this project
you ask? One aspect of this grant will
be examining decision making by those
that can impact the flow of diseases
through the industry, such as truck
drivers carrying milk and the sanitation
practices that they use. We don't want
to actually infect our hoofstock with
new diseases, but want to be able to
study how people respond both to the
threat of diseases and to outbreak
scenarios. To do this, we have decided
to use virtual worlds, and allow
stakeholders (such as the dairy drivers)
to play experimental games in these
worlds. This experimental gaming
approach, much like war games, can
provide exceptionally valuable data that
might help us reduce the negative
impacts of diseases to producers and the
industry.
February 2015 Another Ecological Gaming
course is underway! I have tweaked a few
of the programs and am excited to see
how the students respond to these
ecological challenges.
January 2015 Validating spatiotemporal
predictions of an important pest of
small grains was just published in Pest
Management Sciences. This research
provides good evidence for a working
model that will provide within-field
predictions of aphid densities in fields
that have not been scouted solely using
remotely sensed data (e.g.,
topographical data and weather data).
January 2015 (Update: The challenge was
90% successful with a solid manuscript
draft completed but also some notes
about where additional data are needed
to complete the story). I am excited
about to try another Three-day writing
challenge! This time around the team has
changed but the goal is the same:
Produce a complete manuscript from
scratch within a three day window! I
intend to write a manuscript examining
resistance development to genetically
modified Bt
corn.
November 2014 I am excited to have the
opportunity to take over the acting Lead
Scientist positions for NEWRnet's Social
Dimensions VT group as well as the
Research on Adaptation to Climate Change
(RACC) Policy and Governance team! I get
to work with a brand new group of great
scientists!
June 2014 "This is a paradigm-breaking
paper" - a great quote from the editor
of our just-accepted manuscript entitled
"Examining the competitive advantage of
Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera:
Aphididae) biotype 2 over biotype 1".
Working with a great team (Frank Peairs,
Terri Randolph, Jerry Michels and Thia
Walker), we found a substantial
overwintering competitive advantage in
one aphid biotype over another within
the same species.
April 2014. The Social-Ecological Gaming
and Simulation laboratory (SEGS lab) is
getting closer to reality. Our new
location will be in 105A Jeffords Hall.
We expect to begin building the physical
infrastructure and transitioning into
this space around the middle of May.
February 2014. I am excited to be
joining the North East Water Research
Network (NEWRnet)
to help develop simulation gaming
platforms aimed at informing the farming
community about the impacts of their
management decisions on the agricultural
ecosystem and water quality.
July 2013. My work (with Shawn Walter,
Frank Peairs and Erin Schliep) modeling
the distribution of European corn borer
moths in pivot-irrigated corn has been
accepted. It has some interesting
findings suggesting that the random
mating assumption inherent to the high
dose refuge strategy may be a poor
assumption in semi-arid corn growing
regions. This finding has significant
resistance management implications.
May 2013. My Ecological Gaming course
has come to an end. Some of my personal
favorite simulation game challenges from
the course were a simulation of Mike
Steele's work involving acorn-caching
squirrels, hawks and oak trees, and a
simulation of industrial melanism in
moths, which let us examine evolution.
March 10, 2013. I am excited
and overwhelmed to announce the birth of
my daughter Shea Alyssa Adair Merrill,
weighing 8 lbs, 4 oz. All of us are
healthy and extremely happy!
January 2013. Laurie Kerzicnik, along
with yours truly and others just
published some captivating spider work
that examined the diversity of spiders
in a variety of eastern Colorado
agroecosystems (titled "Faunistic
composition of spiders in eastern
Colorado agroecosystems and analysis of
spider density and diversity in
crop-intensified agroecosystems" Environmental
Entomology.
December
2012. I have
just wrapped up teaching my
first course "Quantitative
Thinking in the
Life Sciences". This was a
fantastic course to
teach. The
students seemed very
engaged and (I
hope)
took
a lot out of
the class. We
looked at each
their projects
from starting
with
conceptual
framework,
and
ending with
simulating and
testing
those
data.
Along
the way, we
learned R
coding and
played around
with
statistics and
probability.
November
2012. Come see my research talk at
this year's Entomological Society of
America's meeting in Knoxville. I will
be presenting my work entitled "Using the relationships
between temperature, metabolism and
consumption to predict the
effects of climate
change on pest
pressure"
which will be Sunday, November
11th presented
as part of the Symposium entitled "Linkages
between climate change and
global insect
pestilence: from theory to
practice".
November 2012. It
was a pleasure
to present my research discussing
the links between
metabolism, consumption,
demography and climate
change at
the Plant and
Soil Science
weekly seminar
series.
October
2012. Some of my recent spatial ecology
modeling work was just published titled
"Quantifying Russian wheat aphid pest
intensity across the Great Plains" Environmental
Entomology. I really enjoyed this
work because of the many ah ha! moments.
I was surprised by the strength of the
signal suggesting that the previous
summer conditions were strongly linked
to spring aphid density.
June 2012. I am currently
developing code for an Ecological Gaming
class that I hope to teach in the spring
of 2013. This class focuses on teaching
the foundations of Ecology through the
lens of a computer simulation game.
Check out this animation
January 2012. My
work with Sheri Pucherelli, Frank
Peairs, and Terri Randolph was published
in the journal Arthropod-Plant
Interactions. This work entitled
"Russian wheat aphid (Hemiptera:
Aphididae) reproduction and development
on five nonclutivated greass hosts"
discusses host quality and the potential
for selection pressure on many of the
grass host species that the Russian
wheat aphid uses during the
oversummering months (and likely year
round). http://www.springerlink.com/content/bqmv53526572t087/
December 2011. I have officially landed
at the University of Vermont in the
Department of Plant and Soil Science. I
am excited about getting started.
November 2011. Come see my research
posters at this year's Entomological
Society of America's meeting in Reno. I
will be presenting my work entitled "Climate
change and the perils of linear
thinking" on Wednesday, November
16 in Exhibition Hall 3, First Floor (Reno-Sparks
Convention Center). Also, check out some of the
my work with Terri Randolph and others
entitled "Suppression of Russian wheat
aphid (Diuraphis
noxia) populations with natural
enemies present in the wheat system"
which is also presented on Wednesday in Exhibition Hall
3.
November 2011. I am just back from
spending a week with Josh Tewksbury at
the University of Washington. I think we
will have some strong work coming out
soon looking at the effects of climate
change on pest pressure on a global
scale.
October 2011. I am starting a new
position as a Research Assistant
Professor at the University of Vermont
in the Department of Plant and Soil
Science! There are some really exciting
prospects with people out there that I
am eager to start working on.
June 2011. Our work (SCM, Shawn Walter,
Frank Peairs and Jennifer Hoeting)
describing the within-field spatial
variablility of the Western bean cutworm
has finally been published by
Enviromental Entomology (entitled
"Spatial variability of Western bean
cutworm populations in irrigated corn.
This work provides a first step towards
developing precision pest management
tactics for controlling this pest of
corn and beans.
June 2011. Assefa
Gebre-Amlak did a great job in getting
our work on degree-day models for the
Sunflower stem weevils out to the
farming community through a publication
called the Golden Plains Area
Agricultural Handbook (this section in
the handbook was authored by SCM, Assefa
Gebre-Amlak, J. Scott Armstrong and
Frank Peairs). This research provides
degree day information to
help time scouting for Sunflower stem
weevil in sunflower crops.
June 2011. I presented my work at two
different venues this month. The first
was a seminar given as part of the NCEAS (National Center for
Ecological Analysis and Synthesis)
Ecolunch Seminar Series, and the second
was for the Ecosystem Sciences Division
of the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific
and Industrial Research Organization) in
Brisbane, Australia. I really enjoyed
these interactions and felt I was able
to communicate the necessity of serious
forethought when trying to parameterize
the variance signal in spatially
explicit climate change modeling of
insect pests.
April 2011. Very exciting news! On April
9th, my son Brennan Cole Adair Merrill
was born at 7 lbs, 4 oz.
March 2011. I just finished teaching a
Kids Do Ecology program with 5th graders
from Monroe Elementary School in Santa
Barbara. Our project examined how the
shape of a birds beak could influence
what food it consumes. I will be making
a link soon on this website to show our
project, including methods, results and
the poster that the class created to
explain their project.
December 2010. I will be presenting my
research on the potential effects of
climate change on the habitat of the
Russian wheat aphid at the Entomological
Society of America meeting in San Diego
at 8:00 am on Tuesday, December 14th in
the Town and Country Hotel and
Convention Center, Grand Exhibit Hall. Research Poster
December 2010. Two of my peer-reviewed
Colorado State University Technical
Reports will be published this month.
The first, entitled "Estimating Russian
wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)
overwintering success using weather
data", describes development of a
predictive model for estimating spring
Russian wheat aphid densities using
overwintering weather conditions. The
second, entitled "Examining the
correlation between fall and spring
population densities of the Russian
wheat aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)",
seeks to illustrate the correlation
between the density of Russian wheat
aphids before the onset of winter to the
density of aphids in the late winter and
early spring.
April 2010. I enjoyed giving a talk for
the NCEAS (National Center for
Ecological Analysis and Synthesis)
Ecolunch Seminar Series. My talk
discussed the link between Precision
Agriculture and Landscape Ecology. I
used an example that analyzed different
fertilization strategies (a traditional
fertilization strategy versus a
Precision Agriculture based yield zone
strategy) and a Precision Pest
Management example to illustrate the
importance of Precision Agricultural
strategy and the need for quality
ecological models to inform management
decisions.
March 2010. I have just returned from my
first trip to Washington DC since I was a
kid. While I was there I presented my work
on developing outbreak prediction models
to improve Russian wheat aphid pest
management strategy at the
USDA-Agriculture & Food Research
Initiative, Arthropods & Nematodes
Biology & Management Program’s awardee
workshop.
February 2010. I just sent in proofs to
the Journal of Economic Entomology for a
manuscript entitled "Non-Linear Degree Day
Models of the Sunflower Stem Weevil
(Curculionidae: Coleoptera)" from work
with Assefa Gebre-Amlak, John "Scott"
Armstrong and Frank Peairs that should
help time scouting for Sunflower stem
weevil in sunflower crops.
August 2009. Environmental Entomology just
published "Diuraphis noxia
Reproduction and Development with a
Comparison of Intrinsic Rates of Increase
to Other Important Small Grain Aphids: A
Meta-analysis" based on my work with
Thomas Holtzer and Frank Peairs . This
work was innovative not only for its
findings about life history traits of
small grain aphids but because of the way
that we handled the lack of consistently
reported units of error (e.g., the
standard error of the measurement) when
modeling meta-data.
August 2009. Colorado State University's
Agricultural Experiment Station just
published our technical bulletin that
discusses the displacement of Russian
wheat aphid Biotype 1 by Russian wheat
aphid Biotype 2, which discusses the
spread of a new and virulent (to wheat)
biotype of this aphid and its impacts on
wheat breeding.
July 2009. Frank Peairs and I just
received a grant from USDA-CSREES
Agriculture and Food Research Initiative
to start work on developing outbreak
prediction models for the improvement of
Russian wheat aphid pest management
strategies across many of the Great Plains
states.
April 2009. My first color figure was just
published in the Journal of Economic Ento
mology within an article entitled "Modeling
Spatial Variation of Russian Wheat Aphid
Overwintering Populations in Colorado
Winter Wheat" based on modeling work with
Thomas Holtzer, Frank Peairs and Phil
Lester. This figure depicts modeled
Russian wheat aphid densities within a
winter wheat field in Eastern Colorado.