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BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, PLACES AND PEOPLE NOTE -TAKING AIDS
The material presented on these pages is intended as an
aid in taking lecture notes. It identifies many of the persons,
places, topics, and dates mentioned in class discussions. It also
serves as a simplified outline of the subjects discussed during
the course. Please take time to scan the appropriate section before
each class meeting. Revised January 2007
1. PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT: ENGLISH COLONIAL TOWN PLANS.
Tidewater
Marlborough, Va., 1691
Fredericksburg, Va., 1721
Annapolis, Va., 1695
Francis Nicholson
Williamsburg, Va., 1699
Middle Atlantic
Philadelphia, 1682
William Penn
Thomas Holme
Liberty Lands
Southern Colonies
Charleston, S.C., 1672
Savannah, Ga., 1735
James Oglethorpe
New England
Massachusetts Bay Company
Nucleated Villages
Great Migration, 1630-1642
Town Proprietors
Parish Glebe Lands
Cambridge, Mass., 1630
Providence, R.I., 1638
New Haven, Conn., 1638
Boston, Mass., 1640
Upper Ashuelot (Keene), N.H., 1734
Washington, D.C.
Pierre Charles L'Enfant, Plan, 1791
Andrew Ellicott
2. TRANSPORT: COLONIAL ROADS TO GOOD ROADS, AND THE TRAILS AND
TURNPIKES BETWEEN
Post Roads and King's Highways
Crown Point Military Road, 1759-60
Bailey Hazen Road, 1776
Choate Bridge, Ipswich, 1764, 1838
Frankford Avenue Bridge, Philadelphia, 1697, 1803
Forbes Road, Philadelphia to Pittsburgh
Braddock's Road, Baltimore to Pittsburgh
Zane's Trace, 1796
Wilderness Way
Little River Turnpike, 1785
Great Canastoga Road, 1714 and Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike,
1792
Mohegan Road, 1670 and 1792
Old Post Road, 17th century and 1792
Peru Turnpike, Peru and Manchester, VT
Wissahickon Turnpike, Philadelphia
Newark Plank Road and Ferry Company, 1849
Perkiomen Bridge, Collegeville, PA. 1798
National Road, 1808-1850
Albert Gallatin
S Bridges
Castleman's River Bridge, 1813
Wilson Bridge, near Hagerstown, MD
Huddleston Farmstead, Mt. Auburn, Indiania. 1864
Searights Tollhouse, Searights, PA
Tollhouses, Cumberland, MD and Addison, PA
US Route 40
Natural Roads, Artificial Roads, Corduroy Roads, and Plank Roads
Shunpikes
Meresmen
John Louden MacAdam
Thomas Telford
Santa Fe Trail, 1821
Oregon Trail
Good Roads Movement
Block Pavement
Camac Street, Philadelphia
3. TRANSPORT: CANALS
New York Canals
Erie Canal, July 4, 1817-1825
Champlain Canal, 1819
Oswego Canal, 1828
Chemung Canal, 1833
Chenango Canal, 1837
Delaware & Hudson Canal
Black River Canal, 1855
Genesee Valley Canal, 1862
NY Barge Canal, 1908
New Jersey Canals
Morris Canal, 1831-36
Delaware & Raritan Canal
Ohio Canals
Ohio & Erie Canal, 1832
Miami & Erie Canal, 1845
Indiana Canals
Wabash & Erie, 1855
Illinois and Michigan Canal, 1848
Central Canal
White Water Canal
Pennsylvania Canals
Union Canal, 1828
Main Line Canal
Susquehanna Division, 1828
Delaware Division
North Branch
West Branch
New England Canals
Bellows Falls Canal
Middlesex Canal, 1803
Blackstone Canal, 1828
Farmington Canal, 1794-1829
Tidewater and Southern Canals
Santee & Cooper Canal, 1792
Chesapeake & Delaware Canal, 1829
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, 1850
James River & Kanawha Canal
Miscellany
Dewitt Clinton
BenjaminWright
James Geddes
Canvass Wright
James Renwick, Jr.
Squire Whipple
Whipple bowstring truss
Ithiel Town's lattice truss
weigh locks
aqueducts
puddling
4. TRANSPORT: RAILROADS
Early Through Lines
Mohawk & Hudson RR, 1831
New York & Erie RR, 1831-1853
New York Central, 1866-67
Pennsylvania RR, 1858
Baltimore & Ohio RR, 1828-1853
Southern RR
Transcontinental Lines
Northern Pacific
Union Pacific
Southern Pacific
Atcheson, Topeka & Santa Fe
Overland Express Trains
Twentieth Century Limited
Broadway Limited
Sunset Limited
The Crescent Limited
Oriental Ltd.
Bridges and Bridge Engineers
Starucca Viaduct, Susquehanna, PA. 1848, John Kirkwood
Albert Fink - Fink truss
Wendell Bollman - Bollman truss
Tunkhannock Viaduct, Nicholson, PA 1915
Theodore Burr
Tunnels
Allegheny Portage Tunnel
Crozet Tunnel, 1850-58, Claudius Crozet
Hoosac Tunnel
Miscellany
George Featherstonhaugh
Gandy Dancers
Cyrus K. Holliday
Gen. William J. Palmer
Daniel Drew
Cornelius Vanderbilt
George Pullman
Westinghouse air brake
interlocking block signals
Richard Warner Sears
5. AGRICULTURE - LANDSCAPE AND BARNS
Barns and Other Buildings
Yankee Barn / English Barn: 1700-1860
Early Bank Barn/Side Hill Barn/Basement Barn, 1830-1860
Bank Barn1850-1910
Monitor Barns, 1890-1920
Round Barns/Polygonal Barns, 1900-1920
Wells patent truss, John T. Wells, 1889
Jennings truss, David Jennings, 1879
pit silos
Ground Level Stable Barns, 1910
square wood silo, c. 1890
stacked wood silo, c. 1890
polygonal wood silo, c. 1900
round vertical stave silo, c. 1900
tile silos, c. 1920
concrete stave silo, c. 1910
Harvestor stainless steel silo, 1945
Free Stall Barn, c, 1948
Miscellany
usufruct
Virginia Reaper, Cyrus McCormick
Hussey's reaping machine, Obed Hussey
railway hay conveyor
6. URBAN AND COMMUNITY AGRICULTURE: COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSES
Dundas Greenhouse, Arniston, Scotland. William Adam. 1750
Orangery, Pieter de Wolff. Nederlantze Hesperides, 1767
crown glass
cylinder glass
forcing frame
Dutch stove
Wye Greenhouse, Wye Plantations, MD. Edward Lloyd, IV. c. 1755
E.H. Derby Greenhouse, Salem, MA. Samuel McIntire. c. 1799
Elgin Botanic Garden, New York City. David Hosack, 1803
Monticello, Charlottesville, VA. Thomas Jefferson, 1806
Bernard M'Mahon, American Gardner's Calendar, 1806
Palm House, Becton Gardens, Devon. J.C. Loudon and W&D Bailey.
c.1820
ridge and furrow glazing
Robert Leuchars, A Practical Treatise on the Design of Hot Houses,
1850
Andrew Jackson Downing
Montgomery Place (Mrs. Edward Livingston Estate), Hudson River
Frederick Catherwood, c. 1839
J. Smith Ely House, Staten Island, NY. Alexander Jackson Davis,
1849-50
Wodenethe (Henry Winthrop Sargent Estate), Fishkill, NY. c.
1855
Clinton Point on the Hudson, Stephen van Rensselear. 1849
grapery / vinery
Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London. Joseph Paxton. Fox &
Henderson, 1851
Crystal Palace, New York World's Fair. 1852
George Carstensen
Charles Gildemeister
Horticultural Hall, Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia. 1876.
H.J. Schwarzmann
Merritt Conservatory (Lyndhurst), Tarrytown, NY. 1865
Gould Conserevatory (Lyndhurst). Lord & Burnham, 1881
Central Park Conservatories, New York City. Lord & Burnham,
1900
South Park Conservatory, Buffalo, NY
New York Botanical Garden Conservatory, Bronx Park. 1902
Hitchings & Co. (1844)
Lord & Burnham (1854)
Florists Exchange
J. W. Paul Range, Radnor, PA. Lord & Burnham, c. 1900
Eben Jordan Range, Plymouth, MA. Lord & Burnham, c. 1900
7. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS: TURNING POINTS. BRICK
BEARING WALLS, TRUSSES, ARCHES, I-BEAM, PLATE GLASS, TERRA COTTA,
AND REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Brick Manufacture
tempering; molding; drying; firing; powder molding,
pugmill
clamps; intermittent kilns; continuous kilns; tunnel kilns; moving
hood kilns
Hoffman continuous kiln, 1859
Trusses
Long truss. Stephen Long. 1830 (Verticals in Tension)
Howe truss, William Howe. 1840 & 1846. (Iron Verticals
in Tension)
Pratt truss. Caleb and Thomas Pratt. 1844. (Verticals in Compression)
Warren truss. James Warren and Willoughby Monzani. 1848
Whipple Truss. Squire Whipple. 1848
diagonals in compression and tension
Garrick Theater, Chicago. Adler and Sullivan, 1892
rigid rrame, Arthur Vierendeel. 1896.
Vierendeel truss, Glendale, CA. 1937-38
Electric-arc welding
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co. Plant, Sharon, PA.
1926
1930-32
Arches
Mormon Tabernacle, Salt Lake City, 1862-63. Henry Grow, Engineer
Grand Central Station, Train Shed. New York City. 1869-71.
Isaac Buckhout, Engineer
Reading Terminal, Philadelphia. 1891-93. Joseph Wilson, Engineer
Eads Bridge, St. Louis. 1868-1874. James Eads, Engineer
Rolled I-Beam
Palm House, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. 1845-49. Decimus
Burton, Architect. Richard Turner, Ironman
pear rails and bulb-tees
Union Building, Cooper Institute, New York. 1853-59. Frederick
Petersen, Architect
Harper & Brothers Building, New York. 1954. James Bogardus
Trenton Iron Works, 1847
Edward Cooper
Abram S. Hewitt
U.S. Court House and Post Office, Windsor, VT. 1856. Ami B.
Young, Architect
Plate Glass
Law Building, Park Avenue, NYC. Bruce Price, Architect. c.
1903
Emile Fourcault cylinder glass patents, 1902
John Lubbers cylinder glass patents
American Window Glass Company, 1903
Colburn Machine Glass Company, 1906. Irving Colburn
Libby-Owns Sheet Glass Company, 1916. Edward Libby and Michael
Owens
Terra Cotta
Tolman, Luther & Company, Worcester, MA. 1851. Henry Tolman
James Taylor
Chicago Terra Cotta Company, 1868
Boston Terra Cotta Company, 1880
New York Terra Cotta Company, 1886
Perth Amboy Terra Cotta Company
Reinforced Concrete
Rosendale cement
Portland cement, Joseph Aspdin. 1824
Copley Mills, David O. Saylor. 1871
Ward's Castle, Port Chester, NY. William Ward, 1871-76. Robert
Mook, Architect
Ernest Ransome
Alvord Lake Bridge, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. 1889
Ingalls Building, Cincinnati. 1903. Elzner & Anderson,
Architects
Walnut Lane Bridge, Philadelphia Dept. of Public Works. 1949-50.
8. POWER: WIND AND DIRECT-DRIVE WATER
Wind
post mills
smock mills
Halladay standard windmill, 1854
Daniel Halladay
John Burnham
Henry McCray
U.S. Wind Engine and Pump Company
Eclipse Wind Mill Company
Leonard H. Wheeler
Leonard H. Wheeler, Jr.
Aermotor windmills
Thomas O. Perry
Andrew Corcoran
Charles Brush
Grandpa's Knob, West Rutland, Vermont. 1941-45
Smith-Palmer Turbine
Water
overshot, pitchback, breastshot, and undershot Wheels
water turbines
James Leffell, Construction of Mill Dams
Ascutney Mill Dam
Dam at Fairmount Water Works, Philadelphia
Ariel Cooley
Boston Associates
Francis Cabot Lowell
Kirk Boot
Patrick Tracy Jackson
Paul Moody
Nathan Appleton
Warren Dutton
Merrimack Manufacturing Company
Proprietors of Locks and Canals
Lowell, Massachusetts
Great Stone Dam, Bodwell's Falls, Lawrence, MA
Charles S. Storrow
Loammi Baldwin, Jr.
Amoskeag Mills, Manchester, NH
9. POWER: STEAM
Thomas Newcommen, low-pressure condensing engine
Centre Square Water Works, Benjamin Henry Latrobe. 1798-1801
Fairmount Hill Water Works.
Oliver Evans, Young Mill-Wright & Miller's Guide
Frederick Graff and Frederick Graff, Jr.
Spring Garden Water Works, West Philadelphia
Robert Fulton
Robert Livingston
lumber and log rafts
George Henry Corliss
automatic variable cut-off engine
Machinery Hall, Philadelphia Centennial Exposition
Charles Porter
Henry Worthington
Birdsall Holly
Erasmus Leavitt, Jr.
Babcock and Wilcox sectional tube boiler
Chestnut Hill Reservoir, Brighton, MA
Boston Metropolitan Water Works
Wachusett Reservoir
Oakdale Village, Boylston, MA
10. POWER: COAL-FIRED, STEAM-GENERATED ELECTRICITY & HYDRO ELECTRICITY
Arc Lamp Light Plant, Wabash, Indiana. Charles Brush. 1880
Thomas Edison
Edison Electric Lighting Station, Pearl Street, New York City,
1882
dynamos and electromotive force (emf)
Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company
Edison Electric Illuminating Company and Edison General Electric
Company, 1890
American Electric Company, New Britain, CT. 1880
Elihu Thomson
Edwin Houston
General Electric Company, 1892
Tower of Light, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago. 1893
alternating current
direct current
central power station monopolies
Fisk Street Station, Chicago Edison, 1898
Samuel Insul
Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Powerhouse, Jersey City, NJ. 1908
John Oakman
Philadelphia Electric Co., Richmond Station. 1926. J. T. Wendrin,
Architect
Seawaren Station, Arthur Kill, Sewaren, NJ 1948
Adams Power Plant, Niagara Falls. Edward Adams and Thomas Evershed
San Mateo Dam, near San Francisco, CA. 1889
Bureau of Reclamation, 1902.
Grand Coulee Dam, Columbia River near Spokane, WA. 1933-41
Hoover Dam, Colorado River near Las Vegas, NV. 1933-46
Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933-54
Rural Electrification Administration. 1935
11. FACTORY
Samuel Slater
Lowell, MA
Great Falls, Paterson, NJ
Society for Useful Manufactures,
Harrisville, NH
slow burning construction
chamfering
Central of Georgia Railroad Blacksmith Shop, 1855
Illinois Central Railroad Freight House, 1855
saw-tooth roof (northern lights)
Ernest Ransome
Pacific Coast Borax Company, Bayonne, NJ. 1898.
United Shoe Machinery Company Factory, Beverly, MA. 1903-05
Kelly and Jones Machine Shop, Greensburg, PA, 1903-04.
Albert Kahn
Packard Plant No. 10, 1905
George N. Pierce Plant, Buffalo, NY. 1906.
Ford Highland Park Plant, Detroit, MI. 1908-1910. Model T
Packard Forge Shop. 1911
Ford River Rouge Plant - 1916-
Eagle Plant - 1918
Glass Plant - 1922
Motor Assembly Building, 1924-25
Chrysler Half-Ton Truck Plant, Detorit. 1937
Glenn Martin Assembly Buildin, Middle River, MD. 1937
12. INDUSTRY: IRON AND STEEL
blast furnaces
Company of Undertakers of the Iron Works, 1641
John Winthrop, Jr.
Braintree and Hammersmith (Saugus Iron Works), MA
Joseph Jenks
bloomeries
iron forge (finery)
pig iron, merchant bar, flat, nail rods
Red River Iron Works, Clay City, KY
Ramapo and Walkill Mountain Region, NJ and NY
Clove Furnace, Greenwood Iron Works, Orange County, NY
Long Pond Furnace, Ringwood, Pompton Township, NJ, 1742
Ogden family
Peter Hasenclever
Trenton Iron Company, Abram Hewitt and Edward Cooper
Sterling Ironworks, Orange County, NY. c. 1751
Peter Townshend
William Hawxhurst
Salisbury District Furnaces, CT, c. 1723
Buena Vista Furnace, Canaan, CT
Clintonville Bloomery Forge, Clinton County, NY
Hopewell Furnace, Hopewell, PA, 1770
Mark Bird
Daniel Buckley
Matthew Brooke
charcoal manufacture
charcoal pits
masonry charcoal kilns: round, rectangular, conical
colliers
Katahdin Iron Works, ME
blister steel
cupola furnace
blowing tubs
hot blast furnaces
Nassawango Iron Furnace, Worcester County, MD, 1830
James Neilson
Wilhelm Fabre du Faur
Forest Dale Blast Furnace, Brandon, VT
ore washers
ore roasters
anthracite hot blast furnaces
Big Bend, Mercer, PA, 1837. David Hogeland
Lehigh Crane Company, Catasauqua, PA, 1840. David Thomas
puddling furnaces
Henry Cort, 1784
Jones and Laughlin Iron Mills, near Pittsburgh, 1861
Benjamin Franklin Jones
John and Bernard Lauth
Samuel Kier
Phoenix Iron Works, Phoenixville, PA, 1783
Lewis Wernwag
John Griffen
Samuel Reeves, Phoenix Column, 1862
Lukens Company, Coatesville, PA
Charles Lukens
Rebecca Lukens
Tallapoosa Furnace Company, Tallapoosa, FL c. 1890
coke manufacture
Abraham Darby, 1709
Mary Ann Furnace, Huntington County, PA 1836. William Firmstone
Fairchance Furnace, Uniontown, PA 1837. F. H. Oliphant
Connellsville Region, PA
Provence McCormick
James Campbell
John Taylor
coke ovens
Cambria Iron Company, Johnstown, PA
hot blast coke ovens, 1854-1856
mechanized charging, 1876
George Fritz
by-product coke ovens
Ernest Solvay
Solvay Process Company, Syracuse, NY 1892
Heinrich Koppers
Illinois Steel Company, 1908
Joseph Becker
Henry Bessemer, 1856
William Kelly, 1857
Robert Mushet
Rensselaer Iron Works, Troy, NY, 1865
Alexander Holley
Winslow, Griswold and Morrell
Pennsylvania Steel Company, Harrisburg, PA 1866
open-hearth furnaces
William and Werner Siemens
Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, Newburgh, OH 1863
13. URBANITY: READING THE CITY
Western Expansion
Detroit, Mich., 1807. August Brevoort Woodward
Indianapolis, Ind., 1815. Alexander Ralston
Sandusky, Ohio, 1818. Major Hector Kilbourn
Public Land Survey, 1785
Western Reserve
Tallmadge, Ohio, 1874. Rev. David Bacon
Frederick Jackson Turner
Urban Planning
Boston Plan of 1844; Robert Flemming Gourlay
World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893
National Municipal League, 1894
Senate Park Commission Plan for Washington, D.C., 1901.
Charles McKim, Daniel Burnham, James McMillan
Chicago Plan, 1909. Daniel Burnham
Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities, 1904
American City Planning Institute, 1917
New York City Zoning Ordinance, 1916
George McAneny
Edward Bassett
Heights of Buildings Commission
Standard State Zoning Enabling Act, 1924
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.
Metropolitan City
Llewellyn Park, Orange, NJ 1853-69
Llewellyn Haskell
Alexander Jackson Davis
Frederick Law Olmsted
Riverside, Ill., 1869
Roland Park, Md.
Clarence Perry
Neighborhood Units
14. TRANSIT: STREETCARS AND INTERURBAN RAILWAYS
bob-tailed trolley
cable cars
Andrew S. Hallidie, 1873
Daft Electric Company, Leo Daft
Baltimore Union Passenger Railway - Hampden Line, 1885
Frank Sprague
Newark and Granville Street Railway (Ohio), 1889
Sandusky, Milan and Norwalk Electric Railway (Ohio), 1893
Lake Shore Electric Railway, 1901
Henry A. Everett
Edward W. Moore
trackless trollies
Electroliner
jitney
15. TRANSIT: RAPID
Elevated Railroads
Alfred Speer
Greenwich Street Elevated, 1867 (Rattletrap Line), Charles T.
Harvey
became the New York Elevated, 1871 (3rd and 9th avenues),
Cyrus W. Field
Gilbert Elevated, 1871 (2nd and 6th avenues), Rufus Gilbert.
became the Metropolitan Elevated Company, 1877.
New York Board of Rapid Transit, 1875
Manhattan Railway Company, 1875. Merger of New York Elevated
and
Metropolitan Elevated Company into Manhattan Railway Co. 1879.
Jay Gould, George Gould, Edwin Gould
Jaspar Cropsey
shadbelly
Matthias Forney
electrification of elevated railways
South Side Elevated, Chicago,1897
Brooklyn, 1898
Manhattan Railway Co.
2nd Avenue Line, 3rd Avenue, and 6th Avenue, 1902;
9th Avenue Line, 1903.
Boston Elevated Railway Co., 1894
Chicago & Oak Park Elevated Railroad, 1892
Market Street Elevated Passenger Railway Company, Philadelphia.
1901.
Subways
Melville Smith, Arcade Railway. 1866
Alfred Ely Beach, pneumatic tube. 1870
Rapid Transit Commission, 1894
Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), 1904
August Belmont
John B. McDonald
William Barclay Parsons
C. Grant LaFarge
Brooklyn Rapid Transit (BRT). c. 1900. Became the Brooklyn
Manhattan Transit Company (BMT). 1923
dual contracts
Boston Transit Commission, 1894
Illinois Telephone & Telegraph Company, 1899
16. COMMUNITY: BY PLAN
Utopian Societies
Moravians
Bethlehem, PA., 1734
Wachovia, NC
Salem, NC.
Inspirationists
Ebenezer, NY
Amana, Iowa, 1855
Harmonists
New Harmony, IN
Economy, PA
Shakers
Canterbury, NH
Sabbathday Lake, New Gloucester, ME
Mormons
Joseph Smith
Brigham Young
City of Zion
Nauvoo, Ill.
Salt Lake City, Utah, 1848
Provo, Utah
New Towns
International Garden Cities & Town Planning Federation
Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of Tomorrow, 1898
Letchworth
Welyn
Regional Planning Association of America
Lewis Mumford, Benton Mackaye, Clarence Stein, Henry Wright
City Housing Corporation, Alexander Bing
Sunnyside, NY, 1924
Radburn, NJ, 1924
Chatham Hill, PA
superblocks
greenbelt towns
Suburban Resettlement Division
Frederick Bigger
Rexford Tugwell
Greenbelt, MD, 1935
Greendale, WI
Green Hills, OH
17. COMMUNITY: BY PARK. PART 1: PUBLIC SQUARES, GARDEN CEMETERIES,
PLEASURE GROUNDS, AND PARK WAYS
public squares
Bowling Green, New York City. c. 1767
City Hall Park, New York City. c. 1802
Lafayette Square, Buffalo. c. 1850
Mt. Vernon Place, Baltimore.
Aberdeen, Dakota Territory. 1881
garden cemeteries
Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, 1831
Jacob Bigelow
Henry Dearborn
George Brimmer
Laurel Hill, Philadelphia, 1836
John Notman
John Jay Smith
Greenwood, Brooklyn. 1838
Henry Pierrepont
David Bates Douglass
Richard Upjohn
pleasure grounds, 1850-1900
Frederick Law Olmsted
Calvert Vaux
Central Park, New York, 1857
Jacob Wrey Mould
Andrew Green
George Waring
Ignaz Pilat
Prospect Park, Brooklyn, 1871
Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. 1859
linear park-ways
Jamaica Park Way, Brooklyn, 1871
Ocean Park Way, Brooklyn, 1874
Buffalo Park System, 1868-1876
Emerald Necklace, Boston. 1879
Back Bay Fens, 1878
Arnold Arboretum, 1878
Franklin Park, 1886
Jamaica Park, 1876
Riverway, 1892
Minneapolis Park System, 1883
Horace W. S. Cleveland
Theodore Wirth
18. COMMUNITY: BY PARK. PART 2: PROGRESSIVISM AND MUNICIPAL
REFORM PARKS - CITY BEAUTIFUL PARKS, NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS,
AND SCHOOL PARKS; CONSERVATION ERA PARKS - FOREST PARKS AND PRAIRIE
PARKS; RECREATION FACILITIES; POCKET PARKS.
South Park, Chicago. Olmsted, Vaux & Co., 1871
Jackson Park, Washington Park, and Midway Plaisance, Chicago.
Frederick Law Olmsted, 1880-1881.
Lagoon and Wooded Island, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago,
1893.
City Beautiful Parks
Lake Park and Grant Park, Chicago. 1847 and 1901-1930
Gateway, Minneapolis. Hewitt and Brown, c. 1915
Civic Center, Denver. 1905-1916
Neighborhood Parks
Hamilton Park, Chicago. Olmsted & Olmsted with D.H. Burnham
& Co. 1904
Mark White Square, Chicago. Olmsted & Olmsted with D.H.
Burnham & Co., 1905
Ogden Park, Chicago. Olmsted & Olmsted, 1904
The Front, Buffalo. Olmsted & Vaux, 1870,
playgrounds
Playground Association of America, 1906
school parks
conservation era prairie parks
Union Park, Chicago. William le Baron Jenney and Jens Jenson.
1871-1888
Humboldt Park, Chicago. Jens Jensen, c. 1906
Columbus Park, Chicago. Jens Jensen, c. 1918
conservation era forest parks
Orenaug Park, Woodbury, CT. 1900
Blue Hills Reservation, MA. 1894
Charles Eliot
Metropolitan Park Commission
Lynn Woods, Lynn, MA. 1888
John McClintock Plan
Cyrus Tracy
Indian Ridge, Andover, MA. 1897
Children's Wood, Jaffrey, NH. 1937
Forest Park, Springfield, MA. 1898
Coggshall Park, Fitchburg, MA. 1913
Henry Coggshall
Harris Reynolds Plan
Herman Cushing Plan
Moody Park, Claremont, NH. 1918
A.B. Hastings
Arthur Shurtleff
Hubbard Park, Montpelier, VT. 1908
Dana Dow
Kilburn Crags, Littleton, NH. 1917
Benjamin Kilburn
recreation facility, 1930-1965
pocket parks
19. COMMUNITY: BY FOREST
Community Forests
common land
Brunswick Commons, Me.
Public Land
Newington, NH
Danville, NH
lease lands
Westmore, Vt.
town forests
Petersham, Mass
Sihlwald, Zurich
Groton, Mass
Walpole, Mass
John Nolen
watershed forests
Essex Junction, Vt.
Russell, Mass
Rutland, Vt.
Mt. Higby Reservoir
Miscellany
pollarding
lopping
underwood
Mark Society
forest/chase/park/warren
Bernhard Fernow
Charles Sprague Sargent
sustained yield management
timber stand improvement
poor farms
Harris Reynolds
Massachusetts Forestry Association / Massachusetts Forest and
Park Association
New England Forestry Foundation.
Arthur Shurtleff / Shurcliff
20. COMMUNITY: BY FOOTPATH
The Exploring Circle, c. 1850. Cyrus Tracy
The Alpine Club, 1863. Edward Morse and Samuel Scudder
White Mountain Club, 1873
Appalachian Mountain Club, 1876. Edward Pickering
The Long Trail, 1912. James P. Taylor
Appalachian Trail, 1921. Benton Mackaye
Trap Rock Trail - Metacomet Trail, Frederick Kilbourne
Bay Circuit
21. AWHEEL: PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PATHS
velocipede
ordinary
safety
Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn. 895 and 1896
League of American Wheelmen. 1880
Charles Pratt
Col. Albert A. Pope and the Pope Manufacturing Co.
Charles River Speedway, 1897
sidepaths
Overman Wheel Co.
Vanderbilt Motor Parkway. 1908 and 1938
Shore Parkway
22. HIGHWAYS FOR THE AUTOMOBILE
Good Roads Movement
National League for Good Roads
Object Lesson Roads
Office of Public Roads, 1905
AASHO, 1914
Memorial Highways
Lincoln Highway
Dixie Highway
Parkways
Vanderbilt Motor Parkway/Long Island Motor Parkway, 1908
Bronx River Reservation, 1921
Saw Mill River Parkway
Meadowbrook Causeway, 1934
Robert Moses
Merritt Parkway, 1938
Skyline Drive, Blue Ridge Parkway. 1932-36
Garden State Parkway, 1954
National Highways
U.S. Route 30
U.S. Route 40
U.S. Route 66
Toll Turnpikes
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission, 1937
Pennsylvania Turnpike, 1940
transportation planning
origin and destination surveys, 1938-44
express highways
Pulaski Skyway, 1932
Interstate Highways, 1956
23. ROADSIDE. PART 1: FAST FOOD
Eugene Roussel
Robert Green
Dr. Pepper, 1885; Seven-Up Corporation, 1929
Coca-Cola, c. 1886; John S. Pemberton and Asa Candler
Pepsi-Cola, 1903; Caleb Bradham
Pioneer Lunch, Providence, RI, 1872; Walter Scott
Schraffts, 1898; Frank Shattuck
luncheonettes
coffee shops and cafes
Child's Unique Dairy Lunch
Boos Brothers Cafeterias, Los Angeles, 1906
Horn and Hardart, Philadelphia, 1902
diners; Patrick Tierney
Jerry O'Mahoney Company, Elizabeth, NJ
tea rooms
Howard Johnson's, Wollaston, Massachusetts, 1925
Hot Shoppes, Washington, D.C., 1927; J. Willard Marriott
A & W Root Beer, 1922; Roy Allen and Frank Wright
Nathan's Hot Dogs, Cony Island, New York, 1916;
Nathan and Ida Handwerker
White Castle, Whicita, Kansas, 1916; Walter Anderson and Edgar
Ingram
Hill's Snappy Service, Trenton, MO, 1925; Paul Hill
McDonalds, San Bernardino, CA, 1948;
Richard (Dic) and Maurice (Mac) McDonald
Raymond Kroc
Des Plaines, Illinois, 1955;
Kelly's Hamburgers
Kentucky Fried Chicken, Corbin, KY, 1939 and earlier;
Harland Sanders; began selling franchises in 1956; became KFC
in 1986
Beverly's Restaurant, Route 66, Oklahoma City, OK. Beverly Osborne
Chicken in the Rough
Homemade Ice Cream Company, Green River and Joliet, IL, 1940;
J.F. McCullough and Harry Oltz; changed name to Dairy Queen
Stuckey's, Eastman, GA, 1934; W.S. Stuckey
Brown Derby, Los Angeles, 1926; Herbert Somborn
Orange Blossom Jug, Sandy Boulevard, Portland, OR, 1928. Bennis
and Herzog
24. ROADSIDE. PART 2: MOTEL
Milestone Mo-tel, El Camino Real, near San Luis Obispo, California,
1925
auto camps
modern cabins and cabin courts
tourist cottages and courts
Tourist Court Owners Association, 1932
United Motor Courts, 1933
National Tourist Lodge -- Motor Court Trade Association, 1933
changed name to International Motor Court Association, 1937
published Tourist Court Journal
American Tourist Court Association, 1941
American Motor Hotel Association
Guide to Motels and Cottages, 1929; Ray Walker
Nelson Dream Village, Route 66, Lebanon, Missouri, 1934 ; Arthur
Nelson
Wigwam Villages, 1933; Frank Redford
Treadway Inns, 1912; L.G. Treadway
Alamo Plaza Courts, 1929; Lee Torrence and Drummond Bartlett
Deluxe Motor Court referral chain
Best Western referral chain, 1946; M.K. Guertin
Quality Courts United, 1941
Superior Motels, c. 1948
Travel Lodge, 1940; Scott King
Imperial 400, 1950s; Bernard Whitney
Holiday Inn, 1952; Klemmons Wilson and Wallace E. Johnson
Howard Johnson Motor Lodges
Carl Koch and Rufus Nims
John Woodard
R.H. Dwinell
Sheraton Motor Inns, 1962; Ernest Henderson
Blue-Swallow Motel, Route 66, Tucumcari, New Mexico, 1939; Lillian
Redman
25. ESCAPE
Jones Wood, New York City, c. 1815
Whalom Park, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Riverside Park and Gallup's Grove, Springfield, Massachusetts.
c. 1840
Lake Compounce, Bristol, Connecticut. c. 1845
Willow Grove Park, Philadelphia
Sawyer Observatory, Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, 1876
moved to Coney Island and renamed the Iron Tower
Midway Plaisance, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago. 1893
George Washington Gale Ferris
Elephantine Collosus, Coney Island, New York. 1884
James Lafferty
William Free
Sea Lion Park, Coney Island. 1895
Paul Boynton
Flip-Flap, Lina Beecher. 1900
Steeplechase Park, Coney Island. 1897
George Tilyou
A Trip to the Moon
Luna Park, Coney Island. 1903
Frederick Thompson
Elmer Dundy
Dr. Martin Arthur Couney
Dreamland, Coney Island. 1904
Senator Paul Reynolds
Kirby, Petit and Green
White City at Savin Rock, Connecticut. 1904
Eliphalet Scripture, patent for mechanical galloping horses.
1850
Gustav Dentzel
Salvatore Cernigliaro
Herschell-Spillman Company
Allen Herschell
Edward Spillman
Philadelphia Toboggan Company
Henry Auchy
Chester Albright
Charles Looff
Frederick Bostock
William Mangels and Marcus Illions
Hugo Hasse
I. N. Forrester, patent for a rotary swing. 1867
William Somers, patent for an observation roundabout. 1893
La Marcus Adna Thompson
Switchback Railway, Coney Island. 1884
Scenic Mountain Railway Company. 1886
Loop-the-Loop, Coney Island. 1901
Edward Prescott
E. A. Green
Figure Eight Roller Coaster
Racing Coaster. John Miller. 1909
Astroland, Coney Island. 1927
Vernon Keenan
Harry Baker
Aeroplane, Playland, Rye Beach, New York
Harry Traver
John Miller
Arrow Dynamics
Gladish Wheel. W. J. Gladish
Aeriocycle.
Parachute Jump, Coney Island. James Strong. 1939
Old West Ghost Town, Walter Knott. 1940
Mickey Mouse Park and Disneyland. 1955
Six Flags over Texas. Angus Wynne. 1961
Atlantic City Boardwalk, 1870
SUPPLEMENTAL TOPICS
1. PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT: EUROPEAN TOWN PLANS; SPANISH AND FRENCH
COLONIAL TOWN PLANS
European Precedents
Bastides
Monpazier, 1284
Santa Fe, Spain, 1491
Vitruvius, Ten Books of Architecture, 1st Century, BC
Leon Battista Alberti, De Re Aedifictoria, 1485
Andrea Palladio, I Quattro Libre dell'Architectura, 1570
Thomas More, Utopia, 1516
Vitry le Francois, 1545
Phillippeville, Belgium, 1555
Charleville, France, 1608
Londonderry, Ireland, 1611
Bloomsbury Square, London, 1661 and later
Bedford Square, 1776
Place Royale, Paris. 1605
Delft, Holland, 1582
New Amsterdam, 1660
Villa Medici, Pratolino. Bernardo Buontalenti, 1569
Plan, Villa Pratolino, Bernardo Sgrilli, 1742
Versailles
Louis XIV
Andre Le Notre
London Plans - Great Fire of 1666
Christopher Wren
Richard Newcourt
Spanish Settlements
Laws of the Indies, 1573
Pueblos, Presidios, & Missions
Santa Fe, 1609
Don Pedro de Peralta
San Antonio, 1718
San Francisco, 1776
Towns of New France
Quebec, 1607
Samuel de Champlain
Montreal, 1642 (Ville-Marie)
Paul de Chomeday, Sieur de Maisonneuve
Plan of Montreal, Benigne Basset, c. 1762
Detroit, 1701
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac
St. Louis, 1764
Pierre Laclede Liguest
August Chouteau
New Orleans, 1722
Pierre LeMoyne, Sieure d'Iberville
Jean Baptiste LeMoyne, Sieure d'Bienville
Adrien de Pauger
Faubourg Marigny, 1805