Developmental Psychology

Areas
My research in the area of developmental psychopathology focuses on the interplay of temperament, parental characteristics, developmental history, parental behavior, and social context (e.g., marital conflict behavior, social support, childcare) on the development of emotion regulation, personality, and behavior problems in infants and young children. Specific foci include:

• development of emotion regulation during infancy and its moderating effect on negative reactivity concurrently and on later anxiety, aggression, and social fear.
• development of emotion regulation behaviors in toddlers.
• implementation and evaluation of interventions to foster adaptive emotion regulation in reactive infants and toddlers.
• moderating effects of infant temperament (reactivity and regulation) on the impact of childcare type and quantity on developmental outcomes.

Representative Publications

• Crockenberg, S. C., Leerkes, E. M., & Barrig Jo, P. S. (2008). Predicting aggressive behavior in the third year from infant reactivity and regulation as moderated by maternal behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 37-54.
• Crockenberg, S. C., Leerkes, E.M., & Lekka, S. (2007). Pathways from marital aggression to infant emotion regulation: The development of withdrawal in infancy. Infant Behavior and Development, 30, 97-113.
• Leerkes, E. M. & Crockenberg, S. C. (2006). Antecedents of mothers' emotional and cognitive responses to infant distress: The role of family, infant, and personality characteristics. Infant Mental Health Journal, 27, 405-428.
• Crockenberg, S. C. & Leerkes, E. M. (2006). Infant temperament (reactivity to novelty) and maternal behavior at 6 months interact to predict later anxious behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 1-18.Crockenberg, S. C. & Leerkes, E. M. (2005). Infant temperament moderates associations between childcare type and quantity and externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 2½ years. Infant Behavior and Development, 28, 2005, 20-35.
• Crockenberg, S. & Leerkes, E. (2004). Infant and maternal behaviors regulate infant reactivity to novelty at six months. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1123-32.
• Crockenberg,S. (2003). Rescuing the baby from the bath water: How temperament and gender (may) moderate effects of child care on child development. Child Development, 74, 968-972.
• Crockenberg,S. & Leerkes, E. (2003). Developmental history, partner relationships, and infant reactivity as predictors of postpartum depression and maternal sensitivity. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 1-14.

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