Table 4: Dorsal Muscle Names, PCSAs, and coordinates and anatomical locations of Muscle Attachments (left side of subject).
Origin | Insertion | ||||||||
Muscle Name | PCSA (mm2) | X (mm) | Y (mm) | Z (mm) | Upper Attach. | X (mm) | Y (mm) | Z (mm) | Lower Attach. |
Thoracic Multifidus | |||||||||
tmL1u | 40.0 | -65.6 | 2.3 | 270.9 | T8 | -52.0 | 16.8 | 164.5 | L1 |
tmL1m | 40.0 | -64.3 | 2.3 | 250.7 | T9 | -52.0 | 16.8 | 164.5 | L1 |
tmL1l | 40.0 | -56.1 | 2.4 | 232.8 | T10 | -52.0 | 16.8 | 164.5 | L1 |
tmL2u | 40.0 | -64.3 | 2.3 | 250.7 | T9 | -39.2 | 16.6 | 139.3 | L2 |
tmL2m | 40.0 | -63.0 | 2.3 | 228.9 | T10 | -39.2 | 16.6 | 139.3 | L2 |
tmL2l | 40.0 | -55.4 | 2.4 | 202.9 | T11 | -39.2 | 16.6 | 139.3 | L2 |
tmL3u | 40.0 | -63.0 | 2.3 | 228.9 | T10 | -24.6 | 20.7 | 103.1 | L3 |
tmL3m | 40.0 | -62.2 | 2.3 | 198.7 | T11 | -24.6 | 20.7 | 103.1 | L3 |
tmL3l | 40.0 | -54.8 | 2.4 | 172.4 | T12 | -24.6 | 20.7 | 103.1 | L3 |
tmL4u | 40.0 | -62.2 | 2.3 | 198.7 | T11 | -13.4 | 23.3 | 76.4 | L4 |
tmL4m | 40.0 | -61.7 | 2.3 | 168.2 | T12 | -13.4 | 23.3 | 76.4 | L4 |
tmL5u | 40.0 | -61.7 | 2.3 | 168.2 | T12 | -19.7 | 29.3 | 43.6 | L5 |
Lumbar Multifidus | |||||||||
m1s | 40.0 | -47.9 | 3.2 | 130.8 | L1 | -13.4 | 23.3 | 76.4 | L4 |
m1t1 | 42.0 | -54.5 | 2.5 | 129.0 | L1 | -19.7 | 29.3 | 43.6 | L5 |
m1t2 | 36.0 | -54.5 | 2.5 | 129.0 | L1 | -18.5 | 28.2 | 20.0 | S/P |
m1t3 | 60.0 | -54.5 | 2.5 | 129.0 | L1 | -49.8 | 45.2 | -7.4 | S/P |
m2s | 39.0 | -38.0 | 2.2 | 106.1 | L2 | -19.7 | 29.3 | 43.6 | L5 |
m2t1 | 39.0 | -44.9 | 2.5 | 100.8 | L2 | -18.5 | 28.2 | 20.0 | S/P |
m2t2 | 49.5 | -44.9 | 2.5 | 100.8 | L2 | -47.9 | 47.9 | -16.5 | S/P |
m2t3 | 49.5 | -44.9 | 2.5 | 100.8 | L2 | -47.6 | 47.6 | -3.8 | S/P |
m3s | 54.0 | -22.6 | 2.2 | 72.4 | L3 | -18.4 | 28.2 | 20.0 | S/P |
m3t1 | 52.3 | -29.5 | 2.8 | 66.0 | L3 | -49.6 | 41.6 | -28.3 | S/P |
m3t2 | 52.3 | -29.5 | 2.8 | 66.0 | L3 | -51.5 | 43.4 | -21.4 | S/P |
m3t3 | 52.3 | -29.5 | 2.8 | 66.0 | L3 | -51.5 | 44.8 | -15.3 | S/P |
m4s | 46.5 | -18.6 | 1.8 | 51.2 | L4 | -29.0 | 33.7 | 2.4 | S/P |
m4t1 | 46.5 | -26.5 | 1.4 | 48.6 | L4 | -47.2 | 30.4 | -29.5 | S/P |
m4t2 | 46.5 | -26.5 | 1.4 | 48.6 | L4 | -42.9 | 31.9 | -19.1 | S/P |
m4t3 | 46.5 | -26.5 | 1.4 | 48.6 | L4 | -37.2 | 33.5 | -9.1 | S/P |
m5s | 22.5 | -25.7 | 2.3 | 26.7 | L5 | -20.9 | 10.5 | 0.1 | S/P |
m5t1 | 22.5 | -31.9 | 2.3 | 22.9 | L5 | -45.4 | 7.6 | -30.4 | S/P |
m5t2 | 22.5 | -31.9 | 2.3 | 22.9 | L5 | -40.0 | 9.1 | -19.2 | S/P |
m5t3 | 22.5 | -31.9 | 2.3 | 22.9 | L5 | -31.1 | 9.9 | -9.9 | S/P |
Longissimus pars Lumborum | |||||||||
l1 | 79.0 | -38.3 | 22.1 | 154.8 | L1 | -44.3 | 51.3 | -8.4 | S/P |
l2 | 91.0 | -27.6 | 26.0 | 127.1 | L2 | -42.1 | 50.7 | 0.1 | S/P |
l3 | 103.0 | -13.6 | 28.9 | 93.2 | L3 | -38.4 | 49.6 | 7.3 | S/P |
l4 | 110.0 | -3.2 | 30.0 | 64.5 | L4 | -32.9 | 47.1 | 13.3 | S/P |
l5 | 116.0 | -10.6 | 36.0 | 31.7 | L5 | -27.2 | 42.9 | 17.6 | S/P |
Ioliocostalis pars Lumborum | |||||||||
i1 | 108.0 | -34.8 | 41.7 | 154.0 | L1 | -46.1 | 52.6 | 8.6 | S/P |
i2 | 154.0 | -25.2 | 49.5 | 126.7 | L2 | -37.6 | 57.1 | 20.6 | S/P |
i3 | 182.0 | -9.2 | 51.2 | 92.4 | L3 | -32.9 | 59.6 | 26.5 | S/P |
i4 | 189.0 | -0.8 | 48.8 | 64.6 | L4 | -27.0 | 61.2 | 30.6 | S/P |
Longissimus pars Thoracis | |||||||||
LT1 | 29.0 | -16.0 | 35.5 | 466.0 | T1 | -58.1 | 0.5 | 124.0 | L2 |
-43.3 | 27.3 | 388.4 | |||||||
LT2 | 57.0 | -30.6 | 32.5 | 445.3 | T2 | -59.3 | 1.9 | 105.4 | L2 |
-43.3 | 27.3 | 388.5 | |||||||
LT3 | 56.0 | -39.3 | 28.5 | 422.1 | T3 | -38.4 | 1.6 | 70.6 | L3 |
-45.1 | 13.3 | 224.3 | |||||||
LT4 | 45.0 | -43.0 | 26.5 | 398.2 | T4 | -35.0 | 1.4 | 64.1 | L4 |
-45.4 | 13.5 | 224.3 | |||||||
LT5 | 44.0 | -43.8 | 28.5 | 374.7 | T5 | -35.6 | 1.8 | 59.1 | L4 |
-45.4 | 15.8 | 224.1 | |||||||
LT6 | 64.0 | -46.3 | 38.2 | 353.8 | T6 | -40.9 | 2.2 | 33.4 | L5 |
-48.5 | 27.9 | 254.3 | |||||||
LT7 | 78.0 | -48.5 | 38.0 | 330.0 | T7 | -31.1 | 2.3 | 7.9 | S/P |
-49.5 | 30.4 | 253.8 | |||||||
LT8 | 125.0 | -49.6 | 38.0 | 305.0 | T8 | -36.3 | 1.3 | -10.2 | S/P |
-48.7 | 28.7 | 225.4 | |||||||
LT9 | 146.0 | -50.6 | 37.8 | 278.6 | T9 | -41.1 | 1.4 | -20.2 | S/P |
-49.8 | 31.0 | 223.4 | |||||||
LT10 | 160.0 | -49.2 | 37.5 | 250.0 | T10 | -41.1 | 17.0 | -23.5 | S/P |
LT11 | 167.0 | -46.4 | 36.0 | 216.9 | T11 | -41.1 | 33.9 | -24.7 | S/P |
LT12 | 138.0 | -39.4 | 34.8 | 179.9 | T12 | -41.1 | 43.7 | -24.9 | S/P |
Ioliocostalis pars Thoracis | |||||||||
IT5 | 23.0 | -46.0 | 66.0 | 378.5 | T5 | -43.3 | 47.6 | -18.3 | S/P |
-61.8 | 61.3 | 276.8 | |||||||
IT6 | 31.0 | -55.1 | 68.0 | 353.4 | T6 | -42.0 | 51.4 | -12.7 | S/P |
-62.0 | 64.4 | 275.2 | |||||||
IT7 | 39.0 | -61.4 | 70.0 | 327.4 | T7 | -40.2 | 55.0 | -7.5 | S/P |
-62.2 | 67.6 | 273.5 | |||||||
IT8 | 34.0 | -61.4 | 72.4 | 297.9 | T8 | -34.9 | 58.0 | 1.7 | S/P |
-56.2 | 67.5 | 198.3 | |||||||
IT9 | 50.0 | -61.9 | 74.9 | 266.0 | T9 | -30.6 | 62.0 | 9.2 | S/P |
-58.0 | 71.8 | 204.6 | |||||||
IT10 | 100.0 | -60.9 | 78.0 | 226.2 | T10 | -27.6 | 65.8 | 16.1 | S/P |
-60.3 | 77.2 | 212.5 | |||||||
IT11 | 123.0 | -53.3 | 73.0 | 186.0 | T11 | -24.6 | 69.8 | 23.9 | S/P |
IT12 | 147.0 | -30.1 | 68.0 | 144.9 | T12 | -23.8 | 73.5 | 30.7 | S/P |
Psoas | |||||||||
pL1VB | 211.0 | -26.3 | 19.5 | 171.3 | L1 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL1TP | 40.7 | -31.9 | 22.8 | 154.9 | L1 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL12D | 211.0 | -7.5 | 21.6 | 145.2 | L1/L2 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL2TP | 84.2 | -21.2 | 28.0 | 126.0 | L2 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL23D | 161.0 | 7.4 | 23.8 | 109.2 | L2/L3 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL3TP | 173.0 | -5.7 | 35.8 | 92.0 | L3 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL34D | 191.0 | 20.7 | 25.6 | 68.7 | L3/L4 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL4TP | 120.0 | 2.7 | 31.2 | 63.1 | L4 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL45D | 119.0 | 17.0 | 25.8 | 37.0 | L4/L5 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL5TP | 24.0 | -1.5 | 39.8 | 31.3 | L5 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
pL5VB | 39.5 | 9.3 | 24.0 | 19.6 | L5 | 51.4 | 73.2 | -21.1 | S/P |
Quadratus Lumborum | |||||||||
QLT12 | 128.0 | -34.6 | 55.1 | 159.8 | T12 | -13.1 | 82.9 | 15.7 | S/P |
QLL1 | 88.0 | -38.1 | 35.8 | 154.6 | L1 | -13.1 | 82.9 | 15.7 | S/P |
QLL2 | 80.0 | -27.8 | 37.0 | 127.0 | L2 | -13.1 | 82.9 | 15.7 | S/P |
QLL3 | 75.0 | -12.6 | 39.4 | 92.8 | L3 | -13.1 | 82.9 | 15.7 | S/P |
QLL4 | 70.0 | -1.0 | 38.2 | 64.4 | L4 | -13.1 | 82.9 | 15.7 | S/P |
Global coordinate system for a standing subject: X=forwards; Y=left; Z=up.
S/P = Sacrum/Pelvis.
Muscle name abbreviations adapted from the convention used by Bogduk et al. (1992a).
Last updated: Thursday, 19 November 1998.
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