I. Immigration crisis exists
A. Can't handle the flood of immigrants AS-1-9
B. It is getting worse AS10-11
C. Multiple harms from immigration (in each card) --19
D. Public demands action AS-20-22
II. Major harmful impacts of immigration
A. Costs Americans jobs AS-22-63
B. Hurts the US economy and hurts Americans AS-64-80
C. Use of expensive government services AS-81-108
D. Leads to overpopulation and overcrowding AS-109-118
E. Crime and gangs AS-119-141
F. Increases racism and xenophobia AS-142-156
G. Border Patrol and INS abuse immigrants AS-157-165
H. Immigrants are victimized in the marketplace and in society AS-166-178
I. Immigrants victimized in US immigration bureaucracy AS-179-185
J. Damages American national character and identity AS-186-200
K. Language incompatibility AS-201-205
L. Environmental problems AS-206
M. Hurts the family AS-207-209
III. Specific harm scenarios and areas
A. Refugees AS-210-215, AS-244
B. Immigrant smuggling AS-216-243
C. Women's issues AS-245-247
D. HIV / AIDS AS-248-250
E. Haitian immigrants AS-251-253
F. Bonsai immigrants AS-254-260
G. Thailand immigrants AS-261-262
IV. Asylum reform -- see other sections
A. Huge number of asylum seekers in an uncontrolled situation AS-263-296
B. Security threat and terrorism AS-297-310
AS-1 / Ricard Lamm, former Governor Colorado, and Gary Imhoff, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB p. x \\ PKK-VT95
The United States clearly cannot continue to accept twice as many immigrants and refugees as all other nations combined.
AS-2 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary Imhoff, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. x / / -PK VT95
The United States is no longer an empty continent that can absorb endless' streams of population. The melting pot, like any pot, is finite.
AS-3 / WILLIAM SCHNEIDER, STAFF WRITER, JULY 24, 1993; THE NATIONAL JOURNAL, "Americans Turn Against Immigration, " Vol. 25, No. 30; Pg. 1900 / AGL-LN-VT95
A wave of popular anger over immigration is sweeping America. It can be felt everywhere -- in the interior as well as the border states, among liberals as well as conservatives, among the educated as well as the unwashed masses.
AS-4 / CAROL JOUZAITIS, STAFF WRITER, JULY 28, 1993; CHICAGO TRIBUNE, "Clinton: Shut The Door On Illegal Immigrants, " Pg. 2 / AGL-LN-VT95
The smuggling of human cargoes and the threat of terrorism prompted President Clinton on Tuesday to propose a $172. 5 million plan for cracking down on illegal immigration. The initiative is aimed at stopping more illegal immigrants at U. S. borders, deporting them more quickly and toughening criminal penalties against traffickers, White House officials said. Border patrols would be bolstered and visa checking systems would be modernized.
AS-5 / Richard Lamm, former Governor of Colorado, and Gary Imhoff, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA, p. x \\ PPK-VT95
A basic definition of sovereignty is control over a nation's own borders, and we are not now controlling ours.
AS-6 / WENDY S. TAI, STAFF WRITER, JANUARY 30, 1994; STAR TRIBUNE, "'home Is Where My Heart Is' - Some Immigrants Spurn Citizenship, " Pg. 1B / AGL-VT95
"Giving citizenship to someone is like giving them your home, " said Bob Hoyle, director of the International Institute. Citizenship could help unify Americans and lessen xenophobia, he said. The perception now is that immigrants are "just reaching into the cargo hold and helping themselves, " he said. "There isn't a oneness of purpose. " Several others, however, wonder if a change in legal status would really change attitudes. "People would still hear the accents and see the skin colors, " Millibergity said.
AS-7 / DONALD L. HUDDLE, PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF ECONOMICS AT RICE UNIVERSITY, AUGUST 29, 1993; THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE, "Debate Must Begin With True View Of The Costs, " Pg. 1 / AGL-VT95
Despite promises to control illegal immigration under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 by employer sanctions which would fine employers hiring illegal immigrants without proper identification and bring more Border Patrolmen and internal enforcement, our duly elected politicians have cynically failed to provide the resources to do the job. Nor, as required under IRCA, has a secure identifier been developed for employment use despite the widespread use of fraudulent documents by 4 million illegal aliens working in the United States. The Border Patrol is still 2,000 agents below the level authorized by Congress in 1986 and budget restrictions have cut Immigration and Naturalization Service internal investigations of employers hiring illegal aliens to the core. Over 250,000 asylees are released without work permits while they await hearings which could take decades to hear. Fewer than one-third bother showing up for hearings. Most are believed to be economic, not true asylum refugees.
AS-8 / NEW YORK TIMES, JULY 3, 1993, THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE, "U. S. Safety Net For Terrorists Has Big Holes, " Pg. A12 / AGL-LN-VT95
In an effort to determine how Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman entered the United States, the State Department ran the names of four high-profile terrorists through a computer system meant to identify undesirable immigrants. All four passed. The system's failure was one of a series of deep and pervasive flaws in the U. S. visa system uncovered by State Department investigators. They concluded that it was these flaws, as well as bureaucratic bungling, that allowed Abdel-Rahman to enter the United States, according to congressional officials from both parties.
AS-9 / Tim Minahan Government Computer News September 27, 1993 Vol. 12 ; No. 21 ; Pg. 1; ISSN: 0738-4300 HEADLINE: Critics prompt INS to revamp systems mess; Immigration and Naturalization Service (L / N) / / MS-VT95
The Government Operations report, The INS: Overwhelmed and Unprepared for the Future, estimated that INS has more than 100 unique automated systems, some of which perform duplicate functions.
AS 10 / James Popkin and Dorian Friedman staff writers June 21, 1993 "Return to Sender - Please: Illegal Aliens Easily Scam the Nation's Lame Deportation System" US News and World Report. p. 32 / / PKK-VT95
The nation's detention and deportation system is in disastrous condition and may only be getting worse. Staff shortages, overrun detention centers and time-consuming administrative procedures have conspired to make Kansi's story all too typical.
AS-11 / MICHAEL T. LEMPRAS, ATTORNEY AND FORMER EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONER OF THE INS, FEBRUARY 21, 1994; NATIONAL REVIEW, "Getting Serious About Illegal Immigration" V. 46 p. 52 / AGL-3 VT95
Aliens have no absolute right to remain in the United States. They have a privilege. Their privilege must be balanced against the right of the American people to integrity in their immigration laws. And yet the current system of deportation is such that, as a practical matter, almost no aliens are deported unless they are in government custody.
AS-12 / ALAN C. MILLER, STAFF WRITER, NOVEMBER 21, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Data Sheds Heat, Little Light, On Immigration Debate; Studies: The Number Of Illegal U. S. Residents Is Elusive. Their Impact On Jobs, Public Services Is At Best Ambiguous, " Part A; Page 1 / AGL-VT95
At the same time, some costs of illegal immigrants are equally difficult to measure: the impact of crime, the burden on schools, the crowding of the jails and the effects of a larger population on the environment. More than that, some economists maintain that illegal immigrants depress wages and take jobs from low-income U. S. natives -- a charge that remains hotly debated.
AS-13 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA \\ p. 183 / / -PK VT95
Roger Conner of FAIR, in his booklet on . how illegals are "breaking down the barriers" against their use of social services, places the importance of the welfare issue in per spective: There are several reasons to oppose illegal immigration: the . impact of illegal immigration on the poor America, its impact on our population growth and environment, its erosion of our national sovereignty, or which the fact that it is a socially evil system encourages. exploitation.
AS-14 / Ronald Brownstein And Richard Simon, Times Staff Writers, November 14, 1993; Los Angeles Times, "Hospitality Turns Into Hostility; California Has A Long History Of Welcoming Newcomers For Their Cheap Labor -- Until Times Turn Rough. The Current Backlash Is Also Fueled By The Scope And Nature Of The Immigration, " Part A; Page 1; Column 1 / AGL-VT95
But that equilibrium has been torn apart by the force of economic trends and the flow of immigration. Among the key factors:
* The explosive rise in the level of immigration in which more arrivals entered California in the 1980s than in the previous three decades combined.
* A slowdown in the state economy that has cost California more than 830,000 jobs in the last three years and raised anxieties about competition for work posed by the arrivals, both legal and illegal.
* The recession-induced strains on state and local budgets that have made the public more receptive to California Gov. Pete Wilson's arguments that the state can no longer afford to provide as many public services to illegal immigrants.
* The preponderance of newcomers from a single source -- Mexico -- that appears to be sharpening fears among many U. S. -born residents about the Balkanization of American culture.
Together, these powerful forces are sharpening the lines for a debate over immigration that is likely to divide the state more than any other issue through the 1990s. Wilson, facing a battle for reelection next November, galvanized the issue earlier this year with his polarizing proposals to deny benefits to illegal immigrants -- including the automatic right of citizenship to the U. S. -born children of illegal migrants.
AS-15 / RUBEN MARTINEZ, L. A. -BASED EDITOR OF SAN FRANCISCO'S PACIFIC NEWS SERVICE AND CO-HOST OF KCET'S LIFE & TIMES, JANUARY 30, 1994; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "The Shock Of The New; Anti- Immigration Fever Is At A Fever Pitch, But The Real Issue Is This: When Will The Old (Anglo) L. A. Join The New (Latino) L. A. , And Learn To Dance Quebradita?" Page 10 / AGL-VT95
The issue of immigration itself, especially illegal immigration, divides many Latinos. A Los Angeles Times Poll last September showed that 75% of California Latinos view illegal immigration as either a major or moderate problem, and 43% have the same response to legal immigration. Two-thirds said charging a toll at the border to increase surveillance was a good idea. (Whites agreed on all counts, only more so -- 92%, 43% and 75%, respectively. )
AS-16 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB p2 VT95
But, at today's massive levels, immigration has major negative consequences -- economic, social, and demographic -- that overwhelm its advantages.
AS-17 / Charley Reese, (Sentinel Staff ) THE ORLANDO SENTINEL September 9, 1993 Pg. A12 HEADLINE: DO SOMETHING ABOUT AMERICA'S WORST PROBLEMS - STOP IMMIGRATION (L / N) / / MS-VT95
Numbers of people are the key stress factor in causing environmental damage. Numbers of people of disparate cultures competing for economic existence is a large factor in big-city crime. Numbers of people competing for fewer and fewer jobs is driving down the standard of living in the United States. Numbers of people and Congress' refusal to face the problem is lending weight to appeals made by political extremists.
AS18 / Charley Reese, (Sentinel Staff ) THE ORLANDO SENTINEL September 9, 1993 Pg. A12 HEADLINE: DO SOMETHING ABOUT AMERICA'S WORST PROBLEMS - STOP IMMIGRATION (L / N) / / MS-VT95
If you want to do something to preserve the environment, stop immigration. If you want to do something about the crime problem, stop immigration. If you want to get the U. S. economy out of the permanent doldrums, stop immigration. If you want to stop the rise of political extremism, stop immigration. Otherwise, all your efforts to preserve the environment, to bring peace to America's cities, to get people working again, and to make sure our politics remain moderate and pragmatic will ultimately be in vain. Numbers of people are at the root of all of the above.
AS19 / THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC, AUGUST 21, 1993, "Immigration Debate; Melting Pot Running Over?" Pg. A20 / AGL-VT95
This is not to say that the notion of extending costly social services to non-citizens is prudent or justified. In fact, there is plenty of room for reasoned debate over a wide range of immigration issues, such as abuse of the political asylum process, the illegal and inhumane alien smuggling racket and the need for legitimate and effective border controls.
AS-20 / ALAN C. NELSON, NEW YORK TIMES, AUGUST 29, 1993; THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS, "Alien Immigration Tide; California Governor's Idea To Deny Benefits Is Logical, " Pg. 5J / AGL-VT95
Despite the critics' outcry, there is popular demand that illegal immigration be stopped. Polls show that 80 to 90 percent of Americans -- black, Hispanic, white and Asian -- favor tighter policies.
AS21 / RAMON MESTRE, MEMBER OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE MIAMI HERALD, AUGUST 29, 1993; THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE, "Don't Scapegoat Immigrants -- They Built America, Will Help To Save It, " Pg. 5 / AGL-VT95
AMERICA has found a new external threat: Most of the respondents in several recent national polls believe that hordes of foreigners are overrunning the nation's gates. A majority also say that immigration is bad for America.
AS22 / MERCEDES OLIVERA, STAFF WRITER, JANUARY 2, 1994; THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS, "Immigrant-Bashing Decried; Conference Will Seek Policy To Counteract Feared Trend, " Pg. 26A / AGL-VT95
The Southwest Voter Research Institute in San Antonio, in a poll conducted three months ago, found that California Latinos agree with the general U. S. population on most issues. But on some key issues, there was much disagreement. The institute compared its findings for California Latinos with a Gallup poll of U. S. adults. Although only 37 percent of respondents in the Gallup poll think immigrants eventually become productive citizens and pay their fair share of taxes, 54 percent of California Latinos think so, according to the study. And about 56 percent of adults nationally believe that immigrants cost taxpayers too much by using social services, but only 37 percent of California Latinos believe so, the study found.
AS23 / SAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER, JULY 26, 1993, THE PLAIN DEALER, "Congress May Limit Political Asylum, " Pg. 7A / AGL-LN-VT95
Asylum, which permits foreigners who face political or ethnic persecution to seek refuge in the United States, has been attacked as a sieve that allows into the country too many aliens who simply want to work here.
AS24 / Richard Lamm, former Governor of Colorado, and Gary, 1985, THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB PPK-VT95
The problem of finding jobs for our own citizens will be staggering in the near future. Today, 30 percent . of black teen-aged youth are unemployed, 30 per cent of Hispanic teenaged youth are unemployed, and massive immigration will exacerbate this problem.
AS25 / Julian Simon Professor of Business, University of Maryland 1990 "The Case for Immigration" Inquiry May 1 1983 Population Matters: People. Resources. Environment. and Immigration / / PKK-16 VT95
In the immediate present, the demand for any particular sort of worker is indeed inflexible. Thus immigrants who start working in a given occupation must in theory have some negative impact on wages or employment among people in that occupation. For example, the large recent influx of foreign physicians means additional competition and lower incomes for American physicians, whose high earnings now reflect the advantage of an artificially limited supply of physicians. Such negative effects on particular occupations could only be avoided if immigrants were to come into all occupations in proportion to the size of those occupations. Citizens whose occupations immigrants will enter disproportionately can be expected to complain, though consumers arc not likely to.
AS26 / Julian Simon Professor of Business, University of Maryland 1990 "The Case for Immigration" Inquiry May 1983 Population Matters: People. Resources, Environment, and Immigration p. 283 \\ PKK-16 VT95
The impact of immigration on wages can be expected to be greater than the impact on unemployment rates because potential immigrants with skills in low demand choose not to migrate and those with salable skills gravitate to industries where there are jobs.
AS27 / Julian Simon Professor of Business, University of Maryland 1990 " "Adding Up the Costs of Our New Immigrants" Wall Street Journal February 26, 1981 in Population Matters: People, Resources, Environment, and Immigration p. 274 / / PKK-16-VT95
But some native workers do suffer from short-run dislocation, just as imports of goods cause temporary dislocation to some native workers; the same general-welfare argument applies as for free trade, but it is cold comfort to the dislocated persons.
AS28 / CHICAGO TRIBUNE, JUNE 21, 1993, "Cities And Immigration: A New Reality, " Pg. 14 / AGL-LN-VT95
Today's arrivals tend to be poorer, less educated and less skilled - relative to the native population - than previous generations of immigrants. Obviously there are many exceptions, beginning with the 140,000 foreigners admitted each year (21 percent of legal admissions) because they have specialized skills as defined by the Immigration Act of 1990. This is not true, however, of those claiming political asylum or of the estimated 200,000 who enter the country illegally every year (most from Mexico or Central America. ) On arrival the average Mexican has completed only six years of school.
AS29 / PR NEWSWIRE, DECEMBER 13, 1993, "Major Changes In Immigration Law Reflected In Latest Entry Numbers, Ins Says" / AGL-VT95
Significant changes in immigration patterns as a result of the Immigration Act of 1990 (IMMACT) are reflected in the recently published 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Doris M. Meissner, commissioner, said today. The major change demonstrated success in meeting the congressional goal of increasing the number of highly-skilled workers entering the United States. Workers and their families admitted under the employment-based provisions of IMMACT nearly doubled to 116, 198 in 1992 from 59, 525 in 1991.
AS30 / RONALD BROWNSTEIN and RICHARD SIMON, TIMES STAFF WRITERS, NOVEMBER 14, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "HOSPITALITY TURNS INTO HOSTILITY; CALIFORNIA HAS A LONG HISTORY OF WELCOMING NEWCOMERS FOR THEIR CHEAP LABOR -- UNTIL TIMES TURN ROUGH. THE CURRENT BACKLASH IS ALSO FUELED BY THE SCOPE AND NATURE OF THE IMMIGRATION, " Part A; Page 1; Column 1 / AGL-VT95
In these ways, anxiety over immigration is intertwined with doubts about America's ability to compete in a global economy, the coherence of its national culture in a multiracial society, and a general sense of diminishing opportunities for future generations. In the midst of its wrenching economic downturn -- and the aftermath of the devastating 1992 riots -- these feelings are particularly strong in California.
AS31 / Yeh Ling-Ling is California outreach coordinator for Population-Environment Balance, a Washington-based group. April 13, 1994 HEADLINE: PERSPECTIVE ON IMMIGRATION; THE WELCOME MAT IS THREADBARE; WE CAN'T KEEP ABSORBING 1. 3 MILLION NEWCOMERS A YEAR; A CUTBACK TO 200,000 -- REPLACEMENT LEVEL -- IS IN ORDER. Los Angeles Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
The economy of the past 200 years was mostly labor-intensive. With advances in technology, our economy now requires highly skilled workers to prosper. Yet nearly two-thirds of the legal immigrants entering this country every year are low-skilled. Half of them enter occupations that are disappearing, where they compete mostly with poor minority workers.
AS32 / Yeh Ling-Ling is California outreach coordinator for Population-Environment Balance, a Washington-based group. April 13, 1994 HEADLINE: PERSPECTIVE ON IMMIGRATION; THE WELCOME MAT IS THREADBARE; WE CAN'T KEEP ABSORBING 1. 3 MILLION NEWCOMERS A YEAR; A CUTBACK TO 200,000 -- REPLACEMENT LEVEL -- IS IN ORDER. Los Angeles Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
Donald Huddle of Rice University estimates that 2 million American workers were displaced by 1992 as a result of immigration since 1970, at a cost of $11. 9 billion paid to U. S. workers in unemployment and other benefits. Huddle also estimates that in 1992 alone, immigrants used services costing $42. 5 billion in excess of taxes they paid.
AS33 / Daniel A. Stein executive director of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, May 29, 1993, HEADLINE: Drowning in the Labor Pool The New York Times Page 19; / / PKK-VT95
They are legally permitted to work, but there is no way to measure their impact on workers already here. Moreover, of the tiny fraction of immigrants selected under employment-preference categories, some 60 percent are unskilled workers like domestics and garment workers.
AS34 / Daniel A. Stein executive director of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, May 29, 1993, HEADLINE: Drowning in the Labor Pool The New York Times Page 19; / / PKK-VT95
Legal and illegal immigration account for nearly 40 percent of the annual growth of the labor force. Thus, our anemic economy is being asked not only to create jobs for our own workers but also for a significant number of foreign workers. Debating labor policy without tackling immigration policy is illogical.
AS35 / Daniel A. Stein executive director of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, May 29, 1993, HEADLINE: Drowning in the Labor Pool The New York Times Page 19; / / PKK-VT95
In 1992, nearly 1. 3 million foreign workers were granted temporary or permanent authorization to work in country -- more than the net number of new jobs the economy created last year. Without significant changes in the immigration law, the growth of jobs will never keep pace with the number of potential immigrants prepared to fill them, often at wages that are lower than American workers should accept.
AS36 / Daniel A. Stein executive director of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, May 29, 1993, HEADLINE: Drowning in the Labor Pool The New York Times Page 19; / / PKK-VT95
The Clinton stimulus package would create 219,000 new jobs. Even if that prediction is on target, given current levels of immigration the exercise would be akin to shoveling snow in a blizzard.
AS37 / Daniel A. Stein executive director of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, May 29, 1993, HEADLINE: Drowning in the Labor Pool The New York Times Page 19; / / PKK-VT95
In coming years, immigration policy will have to be linked to labor policy. Sooner or later, Congress and the Administration will have to think not only about creating jobs but also about limiting access of foreign workers to U. S. jobs.
AS38 / ANTHONY RICHMOND, Prof. Sociology, York Univ. [Canada], 1988; IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT p. 35 \\ VT95
Other contributions to the theoretical understanding of immigration have come from sociological and economic studies in the United States. These have highlighted the stratified and 'split', or segmented, nature of labour markets in advanced industrial societies (Bonacich 1973; Edwards et al. , 1975). Immigrants, ethnic minorities and women tend to find themselves in marginal industries and secondary labour markets, unable to penetrate the higher-paid occupational positions that are protected by credentialism, professional organizations, trade unions, licensing requirements and the internal labour markets generated by large corporations. Social networks and institutional discrimination serve to exclude immigrants from all but temporary employment and low paid occupations. Undocumented (illegal) migrants tend to be particularly vulnerable in this respect. Women and racial minorities may suffer a double or triple jeopardy, facing discrimination even within the secondary labour market. The model of immigration that emphasizes ethnic stratification and labour market segmentation combines some features of the class conflict and structural pluralism models.
AS39 / PATRICK LEE, STAFF WRITER, AUGUST 13, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "News Analysis; Studies Challenge View That Immigrants Harm Economy, " Page A1 / AGL-VT95
Some researchers argue that the newest wave of immigrants differs markedly from previous generations: They are younger, less skilled, less educated and less able to integrate themselves into society.
AS40 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 138 VT95
While legal immigrants may approximate the skill levels of Americans, and while they may demonstrate some special qualities of drive and ambition, their occupations are not matched to the skills needed in our economy; and illegal immigrants work primarily in the unskilled sectors of the economy, which are less productive.
AS41 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 138 -PK VT95
But, in an economy like ours, which is limited by the energy, resources, and capital available to it, and workers are in oversupply and many are unemployed.
AS42 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 12 \\ -PK VT95
In the United States, our own garment industry has now been stigmatized as a sector in which illegal immigrants work. Wages have fallen, sweatshops have been revived, a noble union has been corrupted by accepting the 'existence of "shadow locals" and tolerating the exploitation of illegal workers, and-in a self-fulfilling prophecy -- Employers have created a class of work that "Americans won't do. "
AS43 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA pp. 137-8 \\ PK VT95
Simply adding more bodies to the work force doesn't increase the per capita wealth of the country unless a number of economic conditions are met. One is that the new workers have to be more productive, on average, than the older workers. If new workers are added at the bottom of the economic ladder, in occupations that are less skilled and less productive than the average job in the society, then their average produc tivity will be less than the society's average, even if the new workers are more productive than others doing the same jobs Adding the new workers will bring down the per capita gross national product of the country.
AS44 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 40 \\ -PK VT95
Pines reported that his investigation had disclosed that a majority of the 110,000 workers in the apparel industry were illegal aliens who worked under unsafe conditions and received substandard pay, and that their co-workers who were new immigrants with legal status were largely unfamiliar with their rights under the law and were therefore easy to exploit. He reported the following specifics of exploitation: 83 percent of the 1, 674 firms inspected did not pay the minimum wage or over time; 96 percent did not keep adequate work records; and violations of health and safety laws included such things as rodent feces in workplaces, toilet stoppages, leakage from a sewage pipe, and frayed wiring on pressing irons.
AS45 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 141 -PK VT95
. Vernon Briggs noted that it has been alleged that they will not, but so far there is no empirical support for that position at all. There is nothing to support it. It's a very hard question for economists to handle. If there were a shortage of workers' to do these jobs, an economist would expect the wage rate to go up. If the wage rate went up, then he would expect more people to do that work. But what is being alleged by people who argue this position is that Americans won't do certain kinds of work no matter what the wage rates are. They won't collect garbage; they won't work in restaurants. The evidence just doesn't support that.
AS46 / ROBERTO SANCHEZ, STAFF WRITER, DECEMBER 28, 1993; THE PHOENIX GAZETTE, "Give Me Your Tired, Poor? ; Anti-Immigrant Backlash Rising, " Pg. A1 / AGL-VT95
But advocates of immigration reform paint another picture. To them, immigration is a crisis that has reached a boiling point. Ira Mehlman, spokesman for the Federation for American Immigration Reform lobby, said current immigration exceeds the needs for labor, which lowers wages, worsens working conditions and causes unemployment.
AS47 / PR NEWSWIRE, NOVEMBER 4, 1993, " Immigration Costs California $18. 2 Billion & 914,000 Unemployed In 1992, Reports New Study; Legal Immigration Accounts For Nearly 3 / 4 Of Costs" / AGL-VT95
The just-completed study, "The Net Costs of Immigration to California" was commissioned by Carrying Capacity Network (CCN), a non- profit organization which seeks to increase understanding of the interrelated nature of environmental degradation, population growth and immigration issues. The study also found that ---- 914,000 Californians were unemployed in 1992 due to the heavy influx of 7. 4 million immigrants into the state since 1970. It cost state taxpayers $4. 2 billion in public assistance for displaced workers.
AS48 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 155 \\ -PK VT95
It's the low skilled, low wage workers in the United States, who are already the worst off, who are made worse of by massive immigration. It seems as though there is a class bias behind our ambivalence toward immigration policy in the United States. If illegal immigrants were doctors and lawyers, professors and business executives, there would be no debate on the issue.
AS49 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 152 \\ -PK VT95
What is true is not that Americans won't work hard, that we won't do dirty work, that we won't take low-paying jobs, that we have become lazy and spoiled, but that many middle-class people have become estranged from the millions of Americans who now do exactly such work every day.
AS50 / PETER H. SCHUCK, LAW PROFESSOR at YALE UNIVERSITY, JANUARY 1994; CURRENT, "THE EVOLVING CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: Old Civil Rights and New Immigration" p. 16 V. . 359 / AGL-8 VT95
A recent analysis by Thomas Muller of employment and wage effects on blacks in cities with the highest immigrant concentrations concludes that the effects overall are positive. Politically more compelling, however, is anecdotal evidence that black American workers are being displaced by Cuban immigrants in Miami, Koreans in New York and Los Angeles, Mexicans in Texas, and Indochinese in Denver.
AS51 / ROBERT WALKER AND MARK ELLIS, DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY, FLORIDA STATE U. , RICHARD BARFF, DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY, DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, JULY 1992; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, "Linked Migration Systems: Immigration and Internal Labor Flows in the United States, " vol. 68, no. 3 / AGL-11 VT95
The displacement effect, easily the most widely discussed potential impact, incites the greatest concern by native workers. When immigrant labor substitutes for resident natives may literally be displaced.
AS52 / George J. Borjas NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research) Reporter September 22, 1993 Pg. 9; ISSN: 0276-119X HEADLINE: Immigration and ethnicity. (L / N) / / MS-VT95
The most important characteristic of postwar immigration to the United States is the decline in the skills of successive waves of immigrants relative to the skills of the native-born population. (1) In 1960, newly admitted immigrant men (that is, immigrants who had been in the country less than five years) had 0. 4 more years of schooling and earned about 13 percent less than native men. By 1990, newly admitted immigrants had 1. 4 fewer years of schooling and earned 38 percent less than natives.
AS53 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA pp. 146-7 / / PKK VT95
Not all of that differential in unemployment rates will be due to illegal aliens, of course. The important factor is the total size of the labor market--the number of workers relative to the number o[ jobs that are available to them. More careful and more objective large-scale studies remain to be done; until they are done, a11 the most reliable evidence proves that illegal immigrants hurt American workers.
AS54 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 198S; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 155 / / PKK VT95
Massive numbers of illegal aliens create a vicious labor market cycle. Large numbers of illegals depress wages and lower working conditions in numerous industries; at some point the wages and working conditions become so bad that American workers are unwilling to accept them. Then the "unavailability" of American workers is used as an excuse to justify even more illegal immigrants, who in turn drive wages and working conditions even lower, resulting in even fewer Americans willing to take those jobs.
AS55 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 148 \\ PKK VT95
In fact, the lower wages that can be paid to illegals do not seem to keep costs lower. There is no persuasive evidence that meals or hotel rooms cost less in New York or Los Angeles, 'where many illegals work, than in Indianapolis or Cincinnati. And there is no evidence that employers find it difficult to get enough workers to run restaurants or hotels in Toledo or Boise because there are no large numbers of illegals available there.
AS56 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 146 \\ PKK VT95
Some studies have tried to prove that illegal immigrants do not take American jobs or lower wages by comparing unemployment rates or wage rates in various cities. But I've concluded, after reading these studies and the comments of their critics, that all these attempts have made serious mistakes in both their assumptions and their methods. The most widely quoted of such studies makes a fatal mathematical mistake. Others studies have compared vastly mismatched cities; they have, for example, chosen as low-immigration cities a group of older, industrial cities in the Northeast and as high-immigration cities a group of younger, high-tech Sunbelt cities.
AS57 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 129 / / PKK VT95
Illegal immigrants have two primary effects on American workers: they can make them lose their jobs because an employer prefers illegal immigrant workers, and they can make their wages and working conditions go down because illegals will accept lower pay and worse working conditions.
AS58 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 129 \\ PKK VT95
United States cannot try to solve the world's unemployment problems by absorbing the world's unemployed. It would be disastrous even to try. As syndicated columnist William Raspberry wrote: "Illegal aliens may provide temporary relief for employers who have trouble filling their bottom of the barrel jobs, but in the long term they spell not relief but trouble. "
AS59 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 125 \\ PKK VT95
The immigration issue is also an employment issue. Today's levels of immigration cause not only social problems but serious economic problems, too. Illegal immigrants are taking jobs that can and should be filled by Americans.
AS60 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 126 \\ PKK VT95
Clearly, America is having increasing difficulty providing full employment for its own citizens, let alone for a flood of immigrants.
AS61 George J. Borjas NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research) Reporter September 22, 1993 Pg. 9; ISSN: 0276-119X HEADLINE: Immigration and ethnicity. (L / N) / / MS-VT95
The precipitous decline in skills across successive waves has a number of important social and economic consequences, and is probably the source of much of the current concern over the impact of immigration on the United States. My research indicates that if a particular immigrant wave is tracked over time, there is relatively little convergence of wages between the immigrants and natives. Because more recent immigrant waves start off poorly, it is unlikely that the earnings of the "new immigrants" will ever catch up with those of natives. In fact, the wage differential between immigrants and natives may exceed 20 percent even two or three decades after immigration.
AS62 / George J. Borjas NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research) Reporter September 22, 1993 Pg. 9; ISSN: 0276-119X HEADLINE: Immigration and ethnicity. (L / N) / / MS-VT95
In fact, the recent trend in the wage of unskilled workers suggests that immigration has a substantial impact on native employment opportunities. (7) The 1980s witnessed a huge increase in the wage gap across education groups; the relative wage of high school dropouts declined by 10 percentage points. The flow of unskilled immigrants may have contributed to this decline. In 1980, only 13 percent of high-school dropouts were foreign-born; by 1988, immigrants made up over 25 percent of workers with less than a high school education. In contrast, the fraction of college graduates who were foreign-born rose from only 8 to 11 percent over the same period. The massive change in the number of unskilled immigrants may account for one-third of the 10 percentage point decline in the wage of high school dropouts between 1980 and 1988.
AS63 / MARILYN HOSKIN, Prof. Political Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1991, NEW IMMIGRANTS AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY p. 17 \\ MDS VT95
A third similarity is the uneasy existence which most foreigners confront at least initially. Few are welcomed except within established ghettos or foreign enclaves. Most find themselves relegated to the lowest and most precarious levels of the labor market (Castles, 1984; Rist, 1978; Portes and Bach, 1985). Most, and especially the visibly different minorities, experience the discrimination that comes with social marginality (Castles, 1984; Power, 1979; Richmond, 1988.
AS-64 / William P. Hoar staff writer April 4, 1994 "The Importation of Crime" The New American p. 29 / / PKK-13 VT95
Huddle' s November 1993 study of just California's immigration problems indicates that the 1992 net cost (including assistance and displacement) of immigrants, legal and illegal, was $18. 1 billion -- or $767 per Californian. During the next decade, his analysis shows, 7. 4 million settled immigrants will be joined by another 4. 3 million projected immigrants, costing taxpayers in California a total of $265. 7 billion, or an average of $26. 6 billion annually.
AS65 / William P. Hoar staff writer April 4, 1994 "The Importation of Crime" The New American p. 29 / / PKK-13-VT95
Dr. Huddle, in hi, study updated in July 1993, broke down that total into three categories, with the following net cost figure: legal immigrants, $25. 6 billion; illegal aliens, $11. 9 billion; and amnesty aliens (who were made legal by a provision in the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act and by more amnesties in 1990 legislation), $5 billion.
AS66 / RUTH L. McKINNIE Staff Writer The San Diego Union-Tribune April 20, 1994 HEADLINE: County urges U. S. bear illegal-immigrant costs / PKK-LN-VT95
A study completed last year by two San Diego State University professors estimated the cost at $244 million a year. That study was criticized by immigrants rights activists for failing to take into account the contribution undocumented workers make to the economy.
AS67 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 19 \\ PK VT95
The immigration laws of the United States should be written and enforced in order to protect and preserve the interests of Americans and of this country. The test of immigration policy must be the interests of Americans. It cannot be whether it hastens the demise of nations, or whether it makes the worldwide distribution of wealth more equitable by lowering the wealth of Americans while imperceptibly raising the wealth of a small proportion of others.
AS68 / TONY FREEMANTLE, STAFF WRITER, JULY 4, 1993; THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE, "Anti-Immigrant Sentiment Rises; Impact A Matter Of Debate, " Pg. A1 / AGL-LN-VT95
""The problem with our immigration policy is that the numbers are out of control, '' said Ira Mehlman, a spokesman with the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR). ""That is the reason it is becoming a front burner issue. People look around them and they can't tell if they're in America anymore. ''
AS69 / CHICAGO TRIBUNE, JUNE 21, 1993, "Cities And Immigration: A New Reality, " Pg. 14 / AGL-LN-VT95
And while the federal government gives special grants to communities with large numbers of refugees and legal immigrants, funding for those programs has fallen steadily under deficit-reduction pressure. Federal spending on refugee resettlement, for instance, has fallen by 39 percent over the last 10 years, during which time the influx of refugees doubled.
AS70 / Richard D. Lamm, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 184 \\ VT95-PK
Finally, there is some evidence that illegal aliens and some groups of legal immigrants are significantly less productive and earn less money than other immigrants. Economist Barry Chiswick studied recently arrived refugees and legal Hispanic and Filipino migrants, and found that these three groups had been less successful economically than other immigrants. Interestingly, these three groups represent a large percentage of the legal immigrants currently coming to the United States.
AS71 / DEBORAH POTTER, ANCHOR, PETE ANTONACCI, GOVERNOR CHILES' AIDE; JEANNE BUTTERFIELD, AMERICAN IMMIGRATION LAWYERS ASSOCIATION; IRA MEHLMAN, FEDERATION FOR AMERICAN IMMIGRATION REFORM, DECEMBER 30, 1993; CNN, Inside Politics, "Florida's Gov. Chiles Sues Feds Over Illegal Immigrants, " Transcript # 494-1 / AGL-VT95
MORTON CORRESPONDENT: Chiles estimates Floridians spent $739 million last year on illegal immigrants. Across the country in California, Gov. Pete Wilson estimates illegal immigrants and their children cost state and local governments $3 billion. Different studies disagree over how severe the impact is. Illegals do cost money, but some pay taxes.
AS72 / Julian L. Simon, Teacher of Business Administration, Winter 1991 "The Case for Greatly Increased Immigration" The Public Interest. in The Reference Shelf: Immigration to the United States, Robert Emmet Long, ed. p. 165 / PKK VT95
Some cities and states with disproportionately high immigration do incur significant costs and complications when immigrants first arrive. They deserve sympathy and perhaps federal assistance, though officials should note that immigrants' federal taxes will later effectively pay for such temporary assistance.
AS73 / DEBORAH POTTER, ANCHOR, PETE ANTONACCI, GOVERNOR CHILES' AIDE; JEANNE BUTTERFIELD, AMERICAN IMMIGRATION LAWYERS ASSOCIATION; IRA MEHLMAN, FEDERATION FOR AMERICAN IMMIGRATION REFORM, DECEMBER 30, 1993; CNN, Inside Politics, "Florida's Gov. Chiles Sues Feds Over Illegal Immigrants, " Transcript # 494-1 / AGL-VT95
PETE ANTONACCI, Governor Chiles' Aide: The federal government has allowed people to come to the United States that are not supposed to be here and when they arrive here, they cost the people of Florida a great deal of money. The federal government should take responsibility for that.
AS74 / SACRAMENTO BEE, BEE STAFF AND NEWS SERVICES, NOVEMBER 6, 1993; "Immigrants' Cost Estimated, " Pg. B3 / AGL-VT95
A new study says California's immigrant population cost state taxpayers $ 18. 2 billion last year in public services and displaced nearly a million workers in the United States. Donald Huddle of Rice University in Houston, who conducted the study, warned that the annual cost will soar to $ 26. 5 billion in the next 10 years unless lawmakers stemmed the flow of legal and illegal immigration.
AS75 / SACRAMENTO BEE, BEE STAFF AND NEWS SERVICES, NOVEMBER 6, 1993; "Immigrants' Cost Estimated, " Pg. B3 / AGL-VT95
Earlier this year, Huddle released a study concluding that legal and illegal immigrants cost U. S. taxpayers more than $ 42. 5 billion. It is frequently cited by a Republican task force preparing a broad immigration -reform bill.
AS76 / Gene McNary, (Former Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service) March 30, 1993, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: a Mandate for Change" Hearing before the Information, Justice, Transportation, and agriculture Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. p. 118 / / MS VT95
Billions--billions--in law enforcement budgets can be attributed to alien crime. Court dockets carry a high percentage of aliens, especially in California, Florida, New York, Texas, and Illinois. Twenty-five percent of the Federal prison system and a significant portion of the State prison populations consist of illegal aliens.
AS77 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 176 \\ PKK VT95
And, North said, American society shouldn't be making a "tax profit" on illegals. "Even if illegals are helping underwrite a benefit program, that's inappropriate. Americans shouldn't subsidize our programs by relying on contributions paid by a group that's here illegally. We should be paying our own bills and not getting ourselves subsidized by what is essentially a disadvantaged illegal alien population. "
AS78 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 159 \\ PKK VT95
What do these costs add up to? Rice University economist Donald L. Huddle estimates that illegal immigration costs U. S. taxpayers $25 billion dollars a year.
AS79 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 11 / / PKK VT95
At high enough levels, immigration also creates economic problems. In many areas of the world, migrants are moving from less developed to more developed countries. They generally have fewer skills than workers in their host countries, and in those cases migrants move into unskilled jobs at the bottom of the job ladders of those countries. If their numbers are large enough, they displace native workers and when economies are not vibrant and growing at fast enough rates -- they contribute to the unemploy ment of natives and depress the salary levels for the jobs in which they specialize.
AS80 / THE ARIZONA REPUBLIC, AUGUST 21, 1993, "Immigration Debate; Melting Pot Running Over?" Pg. A20 / AGL-VT95
The Republican governor said unchecked immigration is costing budget-strapped California as much as $1 billion more annually for education, $750,000 million for additional health care services and an extra $500,000 to incarcerate illegal aliens who break the law. The scope of the problem is aptly demonstrated by the fact that as many as two-thirds of all births in Los Angeles public hospitals today are to undocumented mothers.
AS-81 / ALAN C. NELSON, NEW YORK TIMES, AUGUST 29, 1993; THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS, "Alien Immigration Tide; California Governor's Idea To Deny Benefits Is Logical, " Pg. 5J / AGL-VT95
Politicians are taking heed: Liberals and conservatives admit that the burden of the illegals is too heavy -- in education, health and welfare benefits -- and can no longer be tolerated. To succeed, reforms have to be bipartisan, as Congress' passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act in 1986 proved and bills now being passed by the California Legislature establish. Changes must be comprehensive, taking place in all areas: foreign and trade policy, border control, employment, welfare and health services, education, housing and crime.
AS82 / THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, AUGUST 22, 1993, "Finding A Balance Immigration Has Costs And Benefits, " Pg. G-2 / AGL-VT95
But according to UCSD economist George Borjas, who has studied immigration extensively, there is a sense among many experts that the increasing social costs of immigration are beginning to outpace the economic benefits. The inherent problem in finding a definitive answer to this question is that the costs to government of immigration are quantifiable, but it is very difficult to compute the economic benefits.
AS83 / George J. Borjas NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research) Reporter September 22, 1993 Pg. 9; ISSN: 0276-119X HEADLINE: Immigration and ethnicity. (L / N) / / MS-VT95
An important consequence of the shift toward an unskilled immigrant flow is that recent immigrants are more likely to become welfare recipients. (2) In 1970, the fraction of newly arrived immigrant households who received cash benefits was smaller than the fraction of native households: 5. 5 percent versus 6. 1 percent. By 1980, the situation had reversed: immigrant households were about half a percentage point more likely to be on welfare than native households.
AS84 / George J. Borjas NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research) Reporter September 22, 1993 Pg. 9; ISSN: 0276-119X HEADLINE: Immigration and ethnicity. (L / N) / / MS-VT95
The empirical evidence suggests that the impact of immigration is far-reaching and long-lasting. The consequences of the historic changes in the size, national origin mix, and skill composition of immigrants admitted to the United States during the past three decades are only beginning to be revealed. They will alter the skill endowment of the labor force, the earnings opportunities of native workers, and the costs of social insurance programs not only in our generation, but for our children and grandchildren as well.
AS85 / PETER SKERRY, STAFF WRITER, FEBRUARY 21, 1994; NATIONAL REVIEW, "Beware Of Moderates Bearing Gifts; Proposals To Control Immigration To The United States; Demystifying Multiculturalism; Cover Story, " Vol. 46 ; No. 3 ; Pg. 45 / AGL-VT95
We know, for example, that immigrants place enormous burdens on already strapped local and state governments. There is also troubling evidence that immigrants are growing dependent on social-welfare programs. And while we don't know much about the cultural impact of all these newcomers on our nation's values and institutions, I would argue that such concerns are not necessarily racist or xenophobic, but reflect the legitimate anxieties that any nation would have as its way of life shows signs of changing.
AS86 / SACRAMENTO BEE, STAFF, AUGUST 24, 1993, "Sea Hunts For Migrants OK, " Pg. B3 / AGL-VT95
Federal immigration agents can go into international waters to conduct undercover investigations, a federal appeals court ruled Monday. The 9th U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals reinstated an immigrant-smuggling case that stemmed from an August 1991 Immigration and Naturalization Service undercover operation about 320 miles off the Southern California coast. The court said 132 Chinese immigrants bound for the United States were transferred to a ship whose crew consisted of federal agents.
AS87 / Louisa Parker Federation for American Immigration Reform, May 20, 1993 HEADLINE: Illegal Aliens Could Bankrupt National Health Care According to the Federation For American Immigration Reform U. S. Newswire / / PKK-VT95
Advocates who want to provide comprehensive health care to illegal aliens are emphasizing how the aliens are using expensive emergency room care for their medical needs, running up bills which all consumers are forced to pay. They argue that it is cheaper to provide preventive care than emergency care. These advocates also stress that illegal immigrants with diseases are a public health threat.
AS88 / JOHN HANCHETTE, STAFF WRITER, JUNE 13, 1993; GANNETT NEWS SERVICE, "Crime And The Cost Of Punishment - Illegal Aliens Account For Big Chunk Of Jammed Prisons" / AGL-LN-VT95
If the United States deported all the illegal foreigners in the federal prison system right now, the savings would be about a quarter of a billion dollars. "The vast majority of these offenders have been committed for drug law violations, " Norman A. Carlson, former federal prison director, told a House Judiciary subcommittee last month. "A substantial percentage are low-level mules' who were recruited by others to smuggle drugs. I question keeping them in federal prison for five, 10, or even 20 years . . . "
AS89 / WILLIAM SCHNEIDER, STAFF WRITER, JULY 24, 1993; THE NATIONAL JOURNAL, "Americans Turn Against Immigration, " Vol. 25, No. 30; Pg. 1900 / AGL-LN-VT95
In fact, 56 per cent believe that immigrants cost taxpayers too much by using such government services as education and health care; only 37 per cent believe that in the long run, immigrants become productive citizens and pay their fair share of taxes.
AS90 / ALAN C. MILLER, STAFF WRITER, NOVEMBER 21, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Data Sheds Heat, Little Light, On Immigration Debate; Studies: The Number Of Illegal U. S. Residents Is Elusive. Their Impact On Jobs, Public Services Is At Best Ambiguous, " Part A; Page 1 / AGL-VT95
Answers to some narrower questions have begun to provide ammunition in the debate over immigration policy. For one, a survey by the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services found that nearly two-thirds of all mothers who gave birth in the county's four public hospitals in the 1990-91 fiscal year were undocumented. The women accounted for an estimated 28, 800 births.
AS91 / REX DALTON, STAFF WRITER, FEBRUARY 20, 1994; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Births To Illegal Immigrants On The Rise California Taxpayers Finance Soaring Number Of Foreigners' Babies, " Pg. A-1 / AGL-VT95
BODY: Publicly financed births by undocumented immigrants have increased dramatically in California since the creation of a state program to ensure that the women get care and hospitals are paid, state reports show. Nearly 96,000 babies were born to undocumented women covered by the Medi-Cal program in 1992, an 85 percent increase over three years. The cost to taxpayers was more than $230 million in medical bills in 1992 alone, the reports say.
AS92 / REX DALTON, STAFF WRITER, FEBRUARY 20, 1994; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Births To Illegal Immigrants On The Rise California Taxpayers Finance Soaring Number Of Foreigners' Babies, " Pg. A-1 / AGL-VT95
But the births to illegal immigrants raise perplexing social and financial questions about the children, who comprise an expanding class of new American citizens whose parents cannot legally work in this country to support them. As U. S. citizens, though, the children are eligible, if they are in need, for full Medi-Cal services, welfare cash grants and food stamps.
AS93 / DOROTHEA M. EILER (San Diego writer) The San Diego Union-Tribune September 29, 1993, Pg. B-7 HEADLINE: Tough immigration laws -- for gringos (L / N) / / MS-VT95
But in these days we are seeing far too many who wish to exploit the freedom or prosperity of another system. Exploiters and users are never welcome. The criminal who finds the U. S. justice system more flexible than his own country's, the pregnant woman who sneaks across the line so her baby will be born in the United States and make the family eligible for welfare there, the drug dealer or any other underground worker who pays no taxes but uses health services, etc. -- these are the kind of immigrants no one wants in any country.
AS94 / Rep. Bill McCollum (R-Fla., ranking member of the House Judiciary subcommittee on international law, immigration, and refugees. ) Roll Call SEPTEMBER 27, 1993 HEADLINE: Immigration Reform Can't Wait for NAFTA McCollum: We Must Change Our Laws Now (L / N) / / MS-VT95
- Illegal alien pregnant women enter the US and go to hospital emergency rooms to have their babies. Since the unborn child will be an American citizen and since the delivery is an emergency, Medicaid pays for all expenses, including vaccinations, prescriptions, doctor visits, etc. The child is also eligible for food stamps and money through the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program.
AS95 / Rep. Bill McCollum (R-Fla., ranking member of the House Judiciary subcommittee on international law, immigration, and refugees. ) Roll Call SEPTEMBER 27, 1993 HEADLINE: Immigration Reform Can't Wait for NAFTA McCollum: We Must Change Our Laws Now (L / N) / / MS-VT95
A controlled amount of legal immigration into the US is healthy and necessary to keep our country strong. But uncontrolled illegal immigration is jeopardizing the financial well-being of our country, overburdening our welfare system, and contributing to the decline of our educational system. This must stop.
AS96 / Charles W. Hall, Steve Bates, Washington Post Staff Writers April 25, 1994, HEADLINE: Calculating The Costs of Immigration The Washington Post / / PKK-LN-VT95
The study suggested that 2. 25 percent of all illegal immigrants -- compared with 1. 8 percent of all U. S. citizens -- receive food vouchers from the federal Women, Infants and Children program. At that rate, illegal immigrants would have received about $ 900,000 of the $ 37 million spent locally on that program last year.
AS97 / Samuel Francis (Staff writer) The Washington Times October 26, 1993, Pg. A17 HEADLINE: It's high time to take immigration seriously(L / N) / / MS-VT95
Thus, Michael Antonovich of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors reports that two thirds of the births in his county's hospitals are of children born to illegal aliens. The mothers of these border babies know that heading north as they feel labor pains will gain citizenship for their kids, and under chain immigration the infant citizen becomes a faucet through which whole clans can flow. Mr. Antonovich also reports that 30 percent of Aid to Families with Dependent Children cases in his county are composed of such auto-Americans.
AS98 / GEORGE WILL, SYNDICATED COLUMNIST, JULY 30, 1993; THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, "Slamming Shut The Golden Door To Immigrants, " Pg. B7 / AGL-LN-VT95
Today immigrants are received into a welfare culture that encourages an entitlement mentality. That mentality weakens the mainspring of individual striving for upward mobility. A generous welfare state such as the United States, and California especially, can be a "magnet" for migrants. To the extent that the welfare culture has such enervating effects, the argument for immigration as a source of social invigoration fails.
AS99 / LISA RICHWINE, STAFF WRITER, DECEMBER 30, 1993; STATES NEWS SERVICE, "Welfare Reform Proposal Draws Criticism From Immigrant Groups" / AGL-VT95
The number of non-citizens who receive welfare benefits is hard to determine. Donald Huddle, an economics professor at Rice University in Houston who has studied the costs of government services for immigrants, said more than 1. 3 million legal residents have settled in Texas since 1970. The majority of them are not citizens, he said. In 1992, federal and state governments spent $180 million on food stamps, $57. 1 million on housing assistance and $84. 3 million on Supplemental Security Income for those immigrants, Huddle said.
AS100 / ROBERTO SANCHEZ, STAFF WRITER, DECEMBER 28, 1993; THE PHOENIX GAZETTE, "Give Me Your Tired, Poor? ; Anti-Immigrant Backlash Rising, " Pg. A1 / AGL-VT95
Jim Martin, an analyst for the Center for Immigration Studies, a Washington-based think tank, said the increase in immigration has placed unreasonable strains in state and federal services. School districts, for example, have felt pressures on their budgets from immigrant students who require bilingual education and other special programs. Other services, such as emergency medical care, have seen their expenses rise with immigration, he said. Also, the political asylum system, which has funds to deal with 50,000 refugees, is working with 120,000, Martin said Martin said that contrary to the scenario at the turn of the century, the United States does not have the land or resources to take large numbers of immigrants. In particular, the environmental costs of more people -- more pollution, more consumption of energy -- are too large for the country to increase its population through immigration, Martin said.
AS101 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 184 \\ PKK VT95
Illegal immigrants will always remember the conditions in the home countries that encouraged them to leave-- but their children will not have those memories. They will demand their share of America's benefits.
AS102 / Tom Morganthau staff writer August 9, 1993 "America: Still a Melting Pot?" NEWSWEEK, p. 19. \\ PKK VT95
But the age of innocence in the American immigration experience is over. The rise of the US welfare state has placed a cushion under the immigrant experience-- and diminished the benefits of immigration to a country at large.
AS103 / PETER H. SCHUCK, LAW PROFESSOR at YALE UNIVERSITY, JANUARY 1994; CURRENT, "THE EVOLVING CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: Old Civil Rights and New Immigration" V. 359 p. 16 / PKK VT95
It is hard to know to what extent aliens use public benefits. With unreliable data, analysts often cannot distinguish between legal and illegal aliens, different nationality groups, different labor-market skill profiles, and different communities. Drawing on earlier data, labor economist George Borjas finds that immigrants in general are only slightly more likely than citizens to claim welfare benefits (9 percent versus 8 percent), bin that among certain groups such as legal Cubans and Mexicans, the utilization rates are quite high; among female-headed Dominican households, the rate exceeds 30 percent. Other studies indicate that illegal aliens and their children (who are often U. S. citizens) frequently use public hospitals in Los Angeles and New York and public schools in many cities. Competition for cheap housing, public and private, between blacks and immigrant groups is also intense, as are the competing demands by different groups for their share of police protection. These public costs and group conflicts have aroused immigration -related backlashes against public benefits in many communities, even ones with traditionally liberal policies on public benefits.
AS104 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA \\ p. 159 / / PKK VT95
Immigrants--including many illegal aliens--are increasingly demanding social services, and, more and more often, they're getting them even when the law says they're not supposed to. It's hard to know how big the problem is, and people on both sides of the debate have made exaggerated claims. But it is clear to me that the United States, with a 'gigantic federal deficit and too many claims on existing social service and welfare programs, cannot ignore the growing burden caused by large numbers of immigrants, particularly illegal aliens. Illegal aliens are not the chief cause of the rise in welfare costs in America, but they do constitute a significant part of the cost of welfare in many areas and states. And the problem is growing yearly and adding to the total welfare burden on tax-paying Americans.
AS105 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 183 \\ PKK VT95
The mounting costs of social services should be added to these reasons. I am not suggesting that costs are the major reason to work against illegal immigration. I am saying something far less sweeping but, I believe, far more compelling: if illegal immigrants could be exploited to subsidize benefit programs, it would be unworthy of us to tolerate illegal immigration for these subsidies.
AS106 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 184 \\ PKK VT95
America has its own native "huddled masses" who have yet to find adequate employment. We should attempt to find productive jobs for our own unemployed and social service clients before our government willfully blinds itself to the fact that millions of uneducated and low-skilled illegal immigrants move across our border every year and that many will become welfare burdens in the future.
AS107 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 164 \\ PKK VT95
Obviously, refugees compete with American citizens for the services they receive. This is true both for public services and, less visibly, for private charity.
AS108 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 169 \\ PKK VT95
But if you look at the whole population of illegal aliens in the United States, you'll find that a substantial number of them use one or a number of the social service programs that are intended for citizens. If you survey the people who use these social service programs in the cities and states with a substantial illegal population, you'll find a number of illegals among them. And if you look at illegals over the past couple of decades, you'll find that the number using welfare has kept growing.
AS-109 / Daniel Gross staff writer May, 1993 HEADLINE: NEW YORK'S OVERCROWDING IS GETTING WORSE American Demographics Pg. 23 / / PKK-VT95
In the last decade, rising immigration has made crowded conditions worse. The 1960s saw 57, 500 immigrants settle in New York City each year. In the 1970s, that rose to 78,000. By the 1980s, the figure had reached 86,000 immigrants a year, according to a study conducted by the city planning department.
AS110 / Daniel Gross staff writer May, 1993 HEADLINE: NEW YORK'S OVERCROWDING IS GETTING WORSE American Demographics Pg. 23 / / PKK-VT95
THE MELTING POT IS Overflowing. In New York City, which absorbs one in seven U. S. immigrants, tight quarters got much tighter during the 1980s. The percentage of overcrowded housing units jumped from 8 percent in 1980 to 12 percent in 1990.
AS111 / Daniel Gross staff writer May, 1993 HEADLINE: NEW YORK'S OVERCROWDING IS GETTING WORSE American Demographics Pg. 23 / / PKK-VT95
New construction is so expensive that most housing is priced far above the means of recent immigrants. "There's a terrible mismatch between median income and housing prices, " says Debra Beck, executive vice president of the Real Estate Board of New York. "People who are making over $ 60,000 have a good range of housing options open to them, " says Kathy Wylde, president of the New York City Housing Partnership. "The rest don't. "
AS112 / Daniel Gross staff writer May, 1993 HEADLINE: NEW YORK'S OVERCROWDING IS GETTING WORSE American Demographics Pg. 23 / / PKK-VT95
The problem extends beyond the Hudson River. Nationwide, the percentage of overcrowded households rose from 4. 5 percent in 1980 to 5 percent in 1990, according to Dowell Myers of the University of Southern California and Seong Yuon Choi of the Southern California Association of Governments.
AS113 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 1 \\ PKK VT95
The immigration crisis has grown steadily and slowly, and therefore taken us by surprise. Today, immigration to the United States is massive, and it is out of control. The United States accepts for permanent resettlement twice as many immigrants as do all the other countries of the world combined.
AS114 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor, Of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 10 \\ PKK VT95
Immigration at high levels exacerbates our resource and environmental problems. It will leave a poorer, more crowded, more divided country for our children.
AS115 / Yeh Ling-Ling is California outreach coordinator for Population-Environment Balance, a Washington-based group. April 13, 1994 HEADLINE: PERSPECTIVE ON IMMIGRATION; THE WELCOME MAT IS THREADBARE; WE CAN'T KEEP ABSORBING 1. 3 MILLION NEWCOMERS A YEAR; A CUTBACK TO 200,000 -- REPLACEMENT LEVEL -- IS IN ORDER. Los Angeles Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
Even if all newcomers were to bring economic assets to this country, how can a state like California, which absorbs almost half of the U. S. immigrant population, deal with the growing problems such as water shortages and farmland loss? Nationally, an average of 1. 5 million acres of arable land are lost annually to erosion and development due to rapid population growth. Our underground aquifers are being depleted 25% faster than the recharge rates.
AS116 / Yeh Ling-Ling is California outreach coordinator for Population-Environment Balance, a Washington-based group. April 13, 1994 HEADLINE: PERSPECTIVE ON IMMIGRATION; THE WELCOME MAT IS THREADBARE; WE CAN'T KEEP ABSORBING 1. 3 MILLION NEWCOMERS A YEAR; A CUTBACK TO 200,000 -- REPLACEMENT LEVEL -- IS IN ORDER. Los Angeles Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
Seeing this nation in distress, the Clinton Administration promises that it will provide health care to all Americans, cut our welfare rolls, put our unemployed back to work, trim our national debt and improve our public schools. Yet how can these goals be achieved without first controlling the population growth in this country?
AS117 / Yeh Ling-Ling is California outreach coordinator for Population-Environment Balance, a Washington-based group. April 13, 1994 HEADLINE: PERSPECTIVE ON IMMIGRATION; THE WELCOME MAT IS THREADBARE; WE CAN'T KEEP ABSORBING 1. 3 MILLION NEWCOMERS A YEAR; A CUTBACK TO 200,000 -- REPLACEMENT LEVEL -- IS IN ORDER. Los Angeles Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
When the Statue of Liberty was erected in 1886, this country had 60 million people and plenty of resources. Today, the United States has 260 million residents, of whom 37 million are poor, 8. 7 million unemployed, more than 35 million without health insurance, . . .
AS118 / NEAL R. PEIRCE contributing editor for the National Journal. May 23, 1993 HEADLINE: IMMIGRANTS NO LONGER WELCOME The Plain Dealer Pg. 3C / / PKK-VT95
California's population is expanding by around 700,000 people a year, mostly immigrants, about 100,000 of them illegal. Seven million of California's 30 million people today are immigrants, heavily Hispanic and Asian. Fueled by growth of immigrant populations and their children, the number of Californians could more than double, to 63 million, in 2040.
AS-119 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 11 \\ PKK VT95
In the United States, there has been gang warfare between Vietnamese and Hispanics in Denver;_ Texas shrimpers have fought immigrant Vietnamese boatmen; black neighborhoods in many cities have seen Korean and other Asian shopkeepers killed in robberies that smacked of cultural resentment; Miami has had a mayoral campaign fought primarily over whether a Hispanic mayor of Puerto Rican descent might be too close to black concerns and a rival Hispanic candidate of Cuban descent more oriented toward the Cuban community. All these rivalries, all these frictions / are primarily over the rate of change caused by massive immigration.
AS120 / LISA DAVIS, STAFF WRITER, MARCH 21, 1993; THE PHOENIX GAZETTE, "Hispanic Immigrants Endure On Fringe Of Society, " Pg. G1 / AGL-LN-VT95
Getting undocumented Hispanics to overcome their distrust of police and government has been an uphill battle. Phoenix police have rewritten procedures and held public meetings to emphasize they will not turn over undocumented aliens to U. S. Border Patrol agents unless the aliens have committed a crime. Still, few undocumented people who witness or are victims of a crime come forward. Indeed, undocumented people are a large, silent presence even within the Hispanic community. And they are the primary reason, Hispanic leaders say, that the Hispanics' political voice is weak, even as the number of Hispanics in the United States continues to grow.
AS121 / Julian Simon Professor of Business, University of Maryland 1990 "'Do Aliens Make us Scofflaws?"" The Washington Times; August 14, 1984 Population Matters: People, resources, Environment, and Immigration / / PKK-16 VT95
What about the charge that ignoring illegal immigration causes general disregard for the law? The final report of the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy put it bluntly, "illegality breeds illegality. . . . As long as undocumented migration flouts U. S. immigration law, its most devastating impact may be the disregard it breeds for other U. S. laws.
AS122 / Agence France Presse May 14, 1993 HEADLINE: U. S. agents abuse human rights along Mexican border: rights / / PKK-VT95
INS spokesman Duke Austin said the agency has made about nine million arrests in the last eight or nine years, which makes some irregularities likely. "That doesn't mean we accept any abuses, " he said.
AS123 / The Xinhua General Overseas News Service APRIL 6, 1993, HEADLINE: illegal immigration causes serious problems for u. s. / / PKK-LN-VT95
the net cost to the state of California alone is estimated at some three billion dollars a year, gallegly quoted a California report as saying in his article in today's 'the christian science monitor'. illegal immigration also is responsible for a rising amount of crime, the house representative said, adding that just two los angeles street gangs, heavily composed of illegal aliens, are alleged to be responsible for more than 100 murders. police officials in nogales, arizona, recently told reporters that 90 percent of the crime in their community was committed by illegal aliens. it is clear that unchecked illegal immigration poses growing risks for the u. s. economic, indeed national, security, the lawmaker stressed in his article. the complex issue of illegal immigration should be listed as the fourth top concern of the u. s. justice department in addition to the three: violent crime, drugs and civil rights, gallegly pointed out.
AS124 / THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS October 10, 1993, Pg. 2J HEADLINE: IMMIGRATION; Congress must confront criminal impact (L / N) / / MS-VT95
Political instability around the world has created an outpouring of people in recent years. More turmoil in the future is sure to bring a proportion of newcomers with a criminal rather than entrepreneurial bent. Congress must fully commit itself to combating the phenomenon now, not later.
AS125 / MARIA PUENTE, STAFF WRITER, NOVEMBER 10, 1993; USA TODAY, "Immigration Card Considered As Fix For Failing System, " Pg. 10A / AGL-VT95
Leading a life of crime is easier if you're an illegal immigrant, says a Senate report today. "If you are an alien . . . and you commit a crime, chances are you can outwit and outrun the American justice system, " says Sen. William Roth Jr. , R-Del. , of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. The study found the swamped U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service is unable to identify and deport repeat offenders who are illegal immigrants because records are based on names, not fingerprints, and they often assume a number of aliases.
AS126 / REUTERS, NOVEMBER 10, 1993, "U. S. Faulted On Dealing With Criminal Aliens" / AGL-VT95
Criminal aliens are a growing threat to U. S. security and the government should tighten procedures to meet it, a Senate report said Wednesday. The report by the minority staff of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations said aliens were the fastest growing segment of the federal prison population, accounting for 25 percent of inmates.
AS127 / MERCEDES OLIVERA, STAFF WRITER, JANUARY 2, 1994; THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS, "Immigrant-Bashing Decried; Conference Will Seek Policy To Counteract Feared Trend, " Pg. 26A / AGL-VT95
Perhaps most disturbing, given national concern over crime, 62 percent of U. S. adults believe that immigrants significantly increase the problem, according to the study. Only 28 percent of the California Latinos said they do. However, 72 percent of the general population believes immigrants have strong family values, as do 87 percent of California Latinos, the study found.
AS128 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 30, 1993 HEADLINE: Business of Human Smuggling Tests U. S. Immigration Policies The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
''The primary reason to eradicate this sort of crime is the abuse of the individuals who are being trafficked, '' said Julie Werner-Simon, an assistant U. S. attorney in Los Angeles who helped prosecute a smuggling crew last year. ''These are human beings who are treated as human cargo. ''
AS129 / William P. Hoar staff writer April 4, 1994 "The Importation of Crime" The New American. p. 29 \\ pk-VT95
Representative Lamar Smith (R-TX) notes that not only is a large chunk of federal prison space given over to aliens, but seven of eight criminal aliens "are either released or given probation and never serve time in prison. "
AS130 / William P. Hoar staff writer April 4, 1994 "The importation of Crime" The New American p. 29 / / PKK-13 VT95
As long ago as 1987, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) statistics revealed that almost 20 percent of total arrests in six major U. S. cities (Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York) were of foreign nationals. In Los Angeles County alone, deportable aliens make up a full 11 percent of the jail population.
AS131 / William P. Hoar staff writer April 4, 1994 "The Importation of Crime" The New American p. 29 / / PKK-13-VT95
In Texas, according to Smith, criminal aliens account for 42 percent of all federal prisoners; each prisoner costs an average of $37,000 annually for processing and incarcerating, a figure that does not include the cost of police investigative work.
AS132 / William P. Hoar staff writer April 4, 199. 4 "The Importation of Crime" The New American, p. 30 / / PKK-13 VT95
Mexicans are certainly not the only aliens involved in criminal activity. John Tanton and Wayne Lutton, in their book The Winds of Change: A New Look at U. S. Immigration Policy, describe other groups, including Chinese Triads, Japanese Yakuza, Jamaican posses, and Colombians dealing in cocaine. Comments David Leroy, chief domestic intelligence for the U. S. Drug Enforcement Agency, "Ethnic gangs ap pear to be the new trend in crime. "
AS133 / Luis J. Rodriguez, staff writer, May 11, 1994, HEADLINE: EXPORTING TROUBLE TO LATIN AMERICA Sacramento Bee / / PKK-LN-VT95
One result is that Los Angeles is now everywhere in San Salvador, an exhaust-filled city of some 2 million people. The graffiti of L. A. barrio gangs -- including Mara Salvatrucha, Eighteenth Street, White Fence and Florencia Trece -- can be found on walls throughout the city. The "placasos" (individual gang names) on many San Salvador walls could be those on any wall in Los Angeles: Negro, Oso, Scoobie, Flaco, Chuco.
AS134 / PHIL REEVES; staff writer THE INDEPENDENT May 26, 1993, HEADLINE: Chinese immigrant smuggling on rise, U. S. officials say, The Ottawa Citizen Pg. A8 / / PKK-VT95
"These illegal immigrants also are victims of international crime rings, " says Xu Jinzhong, with the Chinese Consulate in San Francisco. He says the Chinese government is trying to curb illegal immigration. The INS's "efforts should be directed not on undocumented aliens but on those folks that got them here, " says Yvonne Lee, of San Francisco's Chinese American Citizens Alliance.
AS135 / The San Diego Union-Tribune May 14, 1993 HEADLINE: Chinese boat people New immigration trend must be contained p. B-6 / / PKK-VT95
The entire smuggling and servitude operation may be part of an Asian organized crime syndicate. Such treatment of human beings as chattel is all the more reason to deal aggressively with this new trend in illegal immigration.
AS136 / William P. Hoar staff writer April 4, 1994 "The Importation of Crime" The New American, p. 30 / / PKK-13 VT95
Criminal aliens often are used in narcotics trafficking. Ominously, State Department statistics show that Mexico in recent years is producing one-third of the heroin and 70 percent of the marijuana imported into the U. S. ; in addition, "over half of the cocaine which entered the U. S. in 1990 transited Mexico.
: AS137 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, I985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 32 \\ PKK VT95
After two years, San Diego did what the late Senator George Aiken said the United States should have done in the Vietnam War -- it declared victory and withdrew. But the San Diego police didn't withdraw from a foreign country. They withdrew from territory of the United States - territory that has been conquered not by force of arms but by the massive lawlessness of illegal immigration. And that lawlessness has spawned, has created, the Mexican bandit gangs that now truly own Deadman's Canyon and the rest of the wasteland south of San Diego.
AS138 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA pp. 54-5 \\ PKK VT95
Illegal immigration is surrounded by many other crimes, which it encourages by. the very nature of its secretiveness. The border gangs, that rob, border crossers, prey upon , beat, and even kill them, are paralleled by the pimps and thieves who prey upon prostitutes. In both cases, the reluctance of those who are outside the law to call upon law enforcement agencies makes them easy game. for more vicious criminals.
AS139 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA pp. 53-4 \\ PKK VT95
It is probably true throughout the world that most immigrant groups commit crimes at a higher rate than the general population. And there are many reasons for this. Immigrants, after all, are displaced persons; many avenues of success in their new societies will be closed to them. They will have difficulties adjusting to their new countries and learning the language and the mores of their new societies, and they will encounter discrimination which could engender resentment and ill will toward their new country. Most immigrants will also be poor, and in all societies there is a higher incidence of crime among the poor.
AS140 / Gene McNary, (Former Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service) March 30, 1993, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: a Mandate for Change" Hearing before the Information, Justice, Transportation, and agriculture Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. p. 118 / / MDS VT95
However, what we fail to acknowledge is that the violation of the immigration laws not only makes the criminal act possible, but frequently causes it. As a society, we know we are a Nation of immigrants. However, we must temper our humanitarian impulses with good judgment and adhere to an orderly process for the admission of immigrants into this country.
AS141 / MICHAEL T. LEMPRAS, ATTORNEY AND FORMER EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONER OF THE INS, FEBRUARY 21, 1994; NATIONAL REVIEW, "Getting Serious About Illegal Immigration" p. 53 V. 46 / / agl VT95
All aliens who abuse the privilege of presence in this country by committing felonies should be deported. Today, that is neither the law nor the practice: 25 per cent of the federal prison population and over 10 per cent of the state prison populations are aliens. Sentencing for criminal convictions should include an order of deportation to be carried out when the sentence has been served. Plea bargains should include stipulated orders of deportation. Appeals should focus only on the underlying felony conviction to fail to deport an alien felon.
AS-142 / BRUCE ALPERT, WASHINGTON BUREAU, AUGUST 29, 1993; THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, "LA. Pushes For Immigration Reform, " Pg. B1 / AGL-VT95
Dan Steen - head of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which favors new controls on legal and illegal immigration - said politicians are learning that Americans are tired of "so many" people coming into the country, competing for scarce jobs and, in some instances, committing illegal acts. "People basically are saying that they've had enough, " Steen said. "The Louisiana politicians are getting in step with the grassroots that wants this country to get control again of its destiny. "
AS143 / MICHAEL D'ANTONIO, NEW YORK JOURNALIST, AUGUST 29, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Apocalypse Soon; The Latest Overpopulation Alarm Has A Twist: Not Only Lives But Lifestyles Are At Stake, " Magazine; Page 18 / AGL-VT95
Kendall knows that by emphasizing population's effect on First World quality of life, he may be appealing to groups such as Stein's, which has been criticized for advocating stringent immigration limits. Similar restrictions have recently been proposed in Germany and across Europe, where violent attacks have been made against guest workers and asylum seekers. Kendall predicts that an anti-immigrant movement will grow in America, generating support for legal sanctions against newcomers. But he is careful to explain that where anti- immigration groups focus primarily on limiting the effects of migration from poor and overcrowded countries, he is concerned with root causes. The problems of immigrant pressure can only be solved in humane ways by controlling population growth and raising the standard of living in developing countries, he says. "You stop the flow at its source. By making it unnecessary to migrate. "
AS144 / Central News Agency May 8, 1993, HEADLINE: SCHOLARS WARN AGAINST AMERICAN XENOPHOBIA / / PKK-VT95
The two scholars then called on the US Supreme Court to take direct action in enacting laws to protect minority immigrants from hate crimes by some white extremists. "If we do not quickly mobilize our forces in the interest of tolerance, the continuing wave of European violence could serve as a mirror image of our own future, " they warned.
AS145 / UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL, FEBRUARY 3, 1994, "Coalition Says Anti-Immigrant Sentiment On The Rise" / AGL-VT95
A coalition of ethnic and religious groups in New York City called on politicians nationwide Thursday to stop fueling what they called an ''anti-immigrant climate. '' Calling itself, ''New Yorkers United to Protect Immigrant Families, '' the group said an ''anti-immigrant climate'' was reflected in recent federal and state legislative proposals to prevent illegal immigrants or their children from obtaining citizenship or various public benefits.
AS146 / RONALD BROWNSTEIN and RICHARD SIMON, TIMES STAFF WRITERS, NOVEMBER 14, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "HOSPITALITY TURNS INTO HOSTILITY; CALIFORNIA HAS A LONG HISTORY OF WELCOMING NEWCOMERS FOR THEIR CHEAP LABOR -- UNTIL TIMES TURN ROUGH. THE CURRENT BACKLASH IS ALSO FUELED BY THE SCOPE AND NATURE OF THE IMMIGRATION, " Part A; Page 1; Column 1 / AGL-VT95
Now virtually every officeholder in the state is rushing forward with proposals to combat the flow of illegal immigrants -- from deploying the National Guard along the border to deporting illegal immigrants held in California jails. "There's suddenly a sense that we can't afford this, " Cain said. "We tolerate it only insofar as the net benefit is good. But when jobs are tight, and the cost of supporting people goes up, then we suddenly redo the calculus. " Advocates for immigrants are firing back with charges of nativism, racism and scapegoating. But they are bracing for difficult months and years ahead. "Part of the dilemma for those of us in immigrant rights is who (among public officials) are our friends anymore?" said Angelo Ancheta, head of the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles and the son of Filipino immigrants. "Are there any friends left?"
AS147 / JOHN DILLIN, STAFF WRITER, DECEMBER 17, 1993; THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, "Surge in Immigration to US Raises Public Anxiety, Spurs A Showdown in Congress, " THE U. S. ; Pg. 1 / AGL-VT95
President Clinton and Congress are under increasing public pressure to reduce the number of new immigrants, toughen border enforcement, and turn away aliens who file bogus claims of political asylum. Critics call this new anti foreigner attitude an '' immigration panic'' fueled by prejudice and misinformation. Others say Americans are simply trying to slow down the rate of change.
AS148 / DAVE LESHER, TIMES POLITICAL WRITER, AUGUST 22, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "The Times Poll; O. C. Residents Call Migrants A Burden; Immigration: 80% Of Those Surveyed See Illegal Residents As Problem. There Is No Unity On A Solution, " Part A; Page 1 / AGL-VT95
Nonetheless, the results of The Times poll in Orange County indicate that the issue has some resonance in California's Republican stronghold since 80% of the respondents -- including a wide majority of Latinos and Asians -- said they consider illegal immigration to be a problem. The poll's snapshot also depicts an issue that does not sharply pit conservatives against liberals or Anglos against minorities. On the contrary, concern about immigration spanned all segments of the county's population, and the differences between ethnic or partisan groups were a matter of degree. The issue appears to be a wrenching one for Orange County since some of the proposed solutions seemed to split the respondents between their concern about preserving the area's quality of life and a reluctance to roll back the nation's historic embrace of immigrants chasing the American Dream.
AS149 / ALAN C. MILLER, STAFF WRITER, NOVEMBER 21, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Data Sheds Heat, Little Light, On Immigration Debate; Studies: The Number Of Illegal U. S. Residents Is Elusive. Their Impact On Jobs, Public Services Is At Best Ambiguous, " Part A; Page 1 / AGL-VT95
Anti-immigrant sentiment in California, which is rising in tandem with the state's unemployment rate, is fed by any evidence the newcomers are taking slices out of the living standards of U. S. -born residents. But the evidence on this score, as on virtually all aspects of immigration, is at best ambiguous.
AS150 / MARILYN HOSKIN, Prof. Political Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1991, NEW IMMIGRANTS AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY, p. 6 \\ MDS VT95
Third, significant differences in race or national origin are, unfortunately, best predictors of vulnerability in the host society. Hoffman-Nowotny refers to immigration under such circumstances as the "transfer of tension" (1981) which such foreigners almost invariably experience; Castles (1984) documents the tendency of distinctive minorities to cluster in dangerous and insecure work situations; Conradt and others have warned that the next generation may well constitute a social and political "time bomb" (Conradt, 1989; Layton-Henry, 1987).
AS151 / Maia Krache, All Things Considered (NPR), October 31, 1993 Transcript # 1287-6 Headline: Experts Tie California Hate Crimes To Immigration, Jobs Guests: Randy Emi, President, Jacl;Dr. Nate White, President, Sacramento Naacp;Bill Heng, Law Professor, Stanford Univ. ;Deborah Ortiz, Sacramento City Council;Prof. Ron Takaki, Ethnic Studies, Uc-Berkeley;More; / / Ms-Vt95
BILL HENG, Law Professor, Stanford University: During the 1980s, we saw a very large increase in the number of immigrants to the United States from Asia and Latin America, compared to the two prior decades. It's not a coincidence that during the '80s the numbers of hate crimes also went up.
AS152 / LARS SCHOULTZ, Prof. Political Science, Univ. of North Carolina, 1992; in WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION AND UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY, "Central America and the politicization of US immigration policy" p. 193 \\ MDS VT95
A report for the Lutheran church concluded that "attorneys, paralegals, long-time advocates of the undocumented from many nations, social workers, church people -- all seemed to agree that INS treatment of Salvador and, whatever its residual bureaucratic component, was worse than what they observed in terms 0f other nationality groups. Many of the Hispanic community's organizations in southern California were particularly vehement in their attacks upon INS procedures: The anti-immigrant, anti-Latin, and anti-Salvadoran policy of the United States does not make exceptions on grounds of age or sex, but only of class. Bourgeois Salvadorans automatically get visas to live in Miami and other centers of Latin American relocation in the United States. Workers, campesinos, and poor students are rejected unmercifully, many sent back to certain death. Implementation of this policy is in the hands of the most arbitrary and openly racist policy body in the United States, the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
AS153 / ALAN C. MILLER, RONALD J. OSTROW, and RONALD BROWNSTEIN, STAFF WRITERS, JULY 11, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Immigration Policy Failures Invite Overhaul, " Page A1 / AGL-LN-VT95
But public opinion polls document growing hostility to immigration --reflecting the historical tendency to open the door when the economy is growing and to shut it when times are hard. A Los Angeles Times Poll of the city's residents in February found that 61% thought "there are too many foreign immigrants in Los Angeles. "
AS153 / ALAN C. MILLER, RONALD J. OSTROW, and RONALD BROWNSTEIN, STAFF WRITERS, JULY 11, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Immigration Policy Failures Invite Overhaul, " Page A1 / AGL-LN-VT95
But public opinion polls document growing hostility to immigration --reflecting the historical tendency to open the door when the economy is growing and to shut it when times are hard. A Los Angeles Times Poll of the city's residents in February found that 61% thought "there are too many foreign immigrants in Los Angeles. "
AS154 / ALAN C. MILLER, RONALD J. OSTROW, and RONALD BROWNSTEIN, STAFF WRITERS, JULY 11, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Immigration Policy Failures Invite Overhaul, " Page A1 / AGL-LN-VT95
Mazzoli's admission is an unmistakable sign that the uproar over illegal immigration is no longer confined to a few heavily affected border states, particularly California, and the conservative end of the political spectrum. It reflects a new reality that the push for action is increasingly nationwide in scope and broadly bipartisan.
AS155 / JAMES P. GANNON, THE DETROIT NEWS STAFF, JULY 8, 1993; GANNETT NEWS SERVICE, "Illegal Immigration Heats To Political Boiling Point" / AGL-LN-VT95
If President Clinton and Congress do not move quickly to combat illegal immigration, the wave of public anger building in California could wash across the country as a nasty political issue in the elections of 1994 and 1996.
AS156 / Jodie Snyder, STAFF WRITER, April 9, 1994 HEADLINE: HISPANICS FEAR HEALTH REFORM INEQUITIES ; STRONGER VOICE NEEDED NATIONALLY, OFFICIALS SAY THE PHOENIX GAZETTE / PKK-LN-VT95
The exclusion of undocumented workers also may threaten legal residents' health care, Lopez said. Say a Hispanic loses his Health Security Card, Lopez said. Care may be delayed or denied because of "their brown skin. " "I don't think any blond-haired, blue-eyed person is going to have any problems, " she said.
AS-157 / ROGER HERNANDEZ, staff writer May 23, 1993 HEADLINE: CAN'T HAPPEN HERE? HUMAN-RIGHTS GROUP TAKES AIM AT BORDER PATROL THE PHOENIX GAZETTE Pg. G2 / / PKK-VT95
Illegal immigrants that the Border Patrol manages to catch, says the report, [by Americas Watch, a human-rights organization, ]are routinely beaten before being sent back over the border. Some are sexually abused. Of course, few complain.
AS158 / ROGER HERNANDEZ, staff writer May 23, 1993 HEADLINE: CAN'T HAPPEN HERE? HUMAN-RIGHTS GROUP TAKES AIM AT BORDER PATROL THE PHOENIX GAZETTE Pg. G2 / / PKK-VT95
But illegal immigrants are not the only ones being mistreated. Along the border, it is difficult to find U. S. citizens of Hispanic descent who have never been detained by the Border Patrol. In El Paso, agents got in the habit of hassling students and teachers at Bowie High School, very near the border. The case went to Federal District court, where a judge enjoined the Border Patrol from stopping and questioning individuals "on the mere appearance of . . . being of Hispanic descent. "
AS159 / ROGER HERNANDEZ, staff writer May 23, 1993 HEADLINE: CAN'T HAPPEN HERE? HUMAN-RIGHTS GROUP TAKES AIM AT BORDER PATROL THE PHOENIX GAZETTE Pg. G2 / / PKK-VT95
It is significant that plaintiffs had to seek recourse in the courts. According to the Americas Watch report, the Border Patrol's internal system of investigating abuses and disciplining officers is "woefully inadequate. " The report said investigations can take years and are conducted in secrecy; there were also charges that agents threaten those who file complaints. There is so much stonewalling, Americas Watch says, that Border Patrol agents act in a climate of almost total impunity.
AS160 / Rep. John Conyers, (Representative from Michigan. Chair Committee on Government Operations) August 4, 1993 "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: Overwhelmed and unprepared for the future. " House Report 103-21 6, Second Report by the Committee on Government Operations p. 32 / / MDS VT95
Serious questions have been raised about the sufficiency of investigations into allegations of misconduct by INS personnel--in particular, Border Patrol personnel who are often accused of abusive behavior. When misconduct or inadequate performance is identified and documented, INS discipline is spotty.
AS161 / Rep. John Conyers, (Representative from Michigan Chair Committee on Government Operations) August 4, 1993 "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: Overwhelmed and unprepared 'for the future. " House Report 103-21 6, Second Report by the Committee on Government Operations p. 14 / / MDS VT95
NCLR believes that allegations of misconduct have been badly handled by the Department of Justice. Accordingly, the organiza tion recommends the establishment of a civilian review board to investigate complaints of abuse.
AS162 / LISA DAVIS, STAFF WRITER, MARCH 21, 1993; THE PHOENIX GAZETTE, "Hispanic Immigrants Endure On Fringe Of Society, " Pg. G1 / AGL-LN-VT95
U. S. Border Patrol officials estimate there are more than 283,000 undocumented aliens in central Arizona, including Tucson and Phoenix. "It's an incredible number of people coming over here, and I'm talking from El Paso all the way to California, " said one immigration worker who asked to remain anonymous. "It's a major social problem, not just a legal problem. " The problem, social service workers say, stems largely from a lack of interaction with the new community. When there is a crisis in the family, a need for medical care, a problem at school -- there is little outreach, few cries for help. State officials say that undocumented aliens make up about 30 percent of the state's medically needy. The result: Problems -- domestic, medical, social, economic -- can fester untended until they spill over into Phoenix streets. Children suffer physical and emotional wounds; the working poor are exploited; crime goes unpunished. In August, a family of five -- some of whom were undocumented -- was discovered shot to death outside their home in south Phoenix. Police believe people within the local community have clues to the killer, but no one has come forward.
AS163 / ROSALVA HERNANDEZ, ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER, FEBRUARY 26, 1994; THE PHOENIX GAZETTE, "Ads Warn Aliens Of Deadly Border Crossings, " Pg. A11 / AGL-VT95
Border Patrol officials estimate that at least 100 immigrants have died in border deserts since 1980. "If they're going to do it, and we know they are, we don't want them losing their lives in the process, " said Wayne Preston, chief patrol agent in Arizona's Yuma Border Patrol sector.
AS164 / Agence France Presse May 14, 1993 HEADLINE: U. S. agents abuse human rights along Mexican border: rights / / PKK-VT95
"While less frequent than beatings and mistreatment, unjustified shootings and sexual assaults also occur, " the report said of the Border Patrol, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and, to a lesser extent, the Customs Service.
AS165 / Agence France Presse May 14, 1993 HEADLINE: U. S. agents abuse human rights along Mexican border: rights / / PKK-VT95
WASHINGTON, May 13 (AFP) - U. S. agents beat and otherwise commit other human rights abuses along the U. S. -Mexican border, a human rights group said Thursday. The rights group Americas Watch carried out a fact-finding mission along the border in March and found that arrests and detentions frequently result in beatings and other forms of abuse. Illegal aliens are the most frequent targets of attacks and abuses.
AS-166 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 45 / / PKK VT95
Aside from the economic effects of illegal immigration, even if there were no displacement of American workers, the main reason to be concerned about illegal aliens is the creation of a subclass of rightless persons in our society. That's a time bomb. There are people within this country who cannot vote, who can- not hold political office, who are constantly in fear of a knock on the door, even though that knock may never come, who are in fear of being stopped on the street, who are in fear of any contact with government officers, who are abused, taken advantage of, whose rights can be violated on the job, who can be discriminated against in one way or another.
AS167 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 112 \\ PKK VT95
We only waste our energies and resources when we devote them to attempting to protect people who are out side the. law, people whose very presence in this country is illegal. They cannot be adequately protected by our laws. Their destiny is to be abused, to be mistreated, to be exploited; and it is worse than naive for the apologists for illegal immigration to pretend to be shocked by the exploitation inherent in the system they defend. Because we are a decent country, because we want all people in this country to be protected by our standards and our laws, we shall continue to try to protect illegals against exploitation; but all our labors will be Sisyphean, endless and ultimately unavailing.
AS168 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 42 \\ PKK VT95
Illegal immigration introduces people into this country under conditions that exclude them from our society. It . creates a subclass of people who are here, but forbidden to be here: second-class non citizens. Illegal aliens are outside the law; therefore they are also outside the protection of the law. By tolerating the system of illegal immigration for so long, we have allowed millions of people to enter the United States and to live here outside the protection of our laws. We cannot ignore, we cannot tolerate the system of illegal immigration and at the same time find ways to ease its inherent abuses.
AS169 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 36 \\ PKK VT95
It was slavery that was made possible by the system of illegal immigration. If the illegal aliens protested, if they tried to escape, they were subject to deportation because they were here illegally. They felt, therefore, that they had to accept their fate--they had to accept the conditions their employers forced on them.
AS170 / Michael Rezendes, Globe Staff May 31, 1993 HEADLINE: Rich trade: human cargo into the US The Boston Globe Pg. 1 / PKK-VT95
"The worrisome thing is we're seeing a pattern of indentured servitude more commonly experienced in the 19th century, " said Peter Kwong, the director of Asian-American studies at Hunter College in New York City. "It's almost a situation of slavery. "
AS171 / Brian Dumaine, REPORTER ASSOCIATE Rahul Jacob April 5, 1993, HEADLINE: ILLEGAL CHILD LABOR COMES BACK Fortune / / PKK-LN-VT95
Child labor also tends to increase during periods of heavy immigration. In the past decade the number of immigrants -- both legal and illegal -- has surged. To scrape by, many ask even very young children to help out. Says New York State labor commissioner John Hudacs: "Whenever you have immigrants who don't speak the language and need to make ends meet, employers will take advantage of them. "
AS172 / Brian Dumaine, REPORTER ASSOCIATE Rahul Jacob April 5, 1993, HEADLINE: ILLEGAL CHILD LABOR COMES BACK Fortune / / PKK-LN-VT95
Rising immigration may be fueling an increase in child labor abuse in a more traditional problem area -- garment industry sweatshops. In the 1980s most major American apparel manufacturers shifted work to the Third World, chasing dollars-a-day wages. To stay competitive, some small U. S. operators started hiring immigrant children at below the minimum wage. Says Tom Glubiak, head of New York State's garment industry task force, which is responsible for investigating child labor abuses: "These employers love kids because they tend to be willing workers. They don't complain, and they think they're making a lot of money when they're not. "
AS173 / Brian Dumaine, REPORTER ASSOCIATE Rahul Jacob April 5, 1993, HEADLINE: ILLEGAL CHILD LABOR COMES BACK Fortune / / PKK-LN-VT95
Over the past ten years, U. S. government statistics show a marked rise in child labor violations. In 1992 the Labor Department logged 19, 443 such offenses, about twice the 1980 level. Most involved kids working too late on school nights in grocery stores and fast-food restaurants or using hazardous equipment like meat saws and slicers. Says California state labor commissioner Victoria Bradshaw: "You have a lot of kids in the work force, and they don't know they're entitled to certain rights. "
AS174 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA pp. 42-3 \\ PKK VT95
Illegal immigration makes modern-day slavery possible, and slavery as practiced in the United States in the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries does in fact illegal immigration.
AS175 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA pp. 46-7 \\ PKK VT95
In other words, the very presence of illegal aliens who are disposed to accept these conditions and who are prevented by their illegal status from protesting them makes ending the conditions impossible. If we want to end the sweatshops, we have to remove illegal aliens from the work force.
AS176 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 37 \\ PKK VT95
This slavery is not confined to migrant labor fields or to Beverly Hills. The increasing dependence of Sunbelt industries on illegal aliens is reminiscent of the dependence of the Old South on slavery. The urban work force is also experiencing an influx of illegals and, therefore, an increase in exploitation.
AS177 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, 1985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 18 \\ PKK VT95
The employers' argument is ugly and full of self-interest: they want to be able to hire illegal immigrants in preference to Americans so that they don't have to raise wages or improve working conditions. Surely the employers' argument cannot be powerful. It isn't. Its power comes from the fact that it is allied both to the immigration dream and to the politically powerful and seemingly disinterested forces of internationalism, humanitarianism, and opposition to racism.
AS178 / THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, AUGUST 29, 1993, "A National Id System Plan Would Discourage Illegal Immigrants, " OPINION; Ed. 1, 2; Pg. G-2 / AGL-VT95
Most employers have no way of telling whether the documents presented by a worker are legitimate. As a result, they unwittingly hire illegal immigrants or, in some cases, discriminate against any worker with an accent or foreign appearance, so as not to run afoul of the law.
AS-179 / Julian L. Simon, Teacher of Business Administration, Winter 1991 "The Case for Greatly Increased Immigration" The Public Interest. in The Reference Shelf: Immigration to the United States, Robert Emmet Long, ed. p. 163 / / PKK-54 VT95
Unfortunately, despite recent changes favoring skilled immigrants, our present admissions policy remains largely nepotistic. Most visas are granted to foreigners who have family connections here. Even with the 1990 legislation, the U. S. will admit only about 110,000 people--perhaps 20 percent of all immigrants-on the basis of their job skills. Compare our policy with Australia's, which admits almost 50 percent of its immigrants according to "economic" criteria, and only 30 percent as relatives of citizens. Many of those whom we admit via family preferences also are skilled, of course, but it would be beneficial to us as well as fair to deserving foreigners to admit more people on the basis of merit alone.
AS180 / Rep. John Conyers, (Representative from Michigan. Chair Committee on Government Operations) August 4, 1993 "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: Overwhelmed and unprepared for the future. " House Report 103-216, Second Report by the Committee on Government Operations p. 180 / mds VT95
Furthermore, according to former Commissioner McNary, the Department of Justice has tended to neglect its role in the development and implementation of legislation and regulations. As he stated: 'Most Attorneys General not only don't know anything about immigration, they don't have the slightest interest."
AS181 / Robert Rubin, (Assistant Director, Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 155 / / MDS VT95
Mr. RUBIN. I will accept that for the moment. However, even taking those figures, let's analyze what the failures to appear were a result of. There are also these same government studies, and the GAO has done a series of studies, on how notices never get to applicants. That is a primary reason. A recent empirical study showed that less than 1 percent of all immigration hearings continued and delayed were a result of the alien's failure to appear. That was empirical data, sir.
AS182 / Michael G. Lempres, (Former Executive Associate Commissioner for Operations, INS) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 333 / / mds VT95
Having observed the immigration system from a number of different perspectives, I am compelled to report that the current system of admission to this country is broken and needs a dramatic overhaul .
AS183 / Rep. John Conyers, (Representative from Michigan. Chair Committee on Government Operations) August 4, 1993 "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: Overwhelmed and unprepared for the future. " House Report 103-21 6, Second Report by the Committee on Government Operations p. 11 / / mds VT95
Past leadership has failed to exercise central control over the agency. Mr. Theodore Ruthizer of the American Immigration Lawyers Association described an ongoing power struggle involving the headquarters office, district directors, and regional officers which has left the agency without unified policy, standards and procedures. " He said: "One of the great problems that the Service has suffered ever since the 1950's has been this notion that there are separate immigration services depending on the district in which someone happens to live. Other witnesses echoed his call for strong central leadership.
AS184 / Rep. John Conyers, (Representative from Michigan. Chair Committee on Government Operations) August 4, 1993 "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: Overwhelmed and unprepared for the future. "" House Report 103-216, Second Report by the Committee on Government Operations p. 32 / MDS VT95
The administrative infrastructure of INS is inadequate to support its vital programs. INS is confronted with serious personnel problems. Its staffing for important programs, such as patrolling the border and hearing claims of asylum, is inadequate, despite a 150 percent growth in its budget since 1981. For those staff it has hired, it has been delinquent m insuring that they are adequately screened and supervised. INS was characterized as often indifferent to training. It has suffered from deficiencies in training of personnel who perform accounting, procurement, adjudication and security functions as well as failures in fire arms training.
AS185 / CHRISTOPHER MITCHELL, Prof. Politics, New York University, 1992; in WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION AND UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY, "Implications for understanding and for policy choice" p. 296 \\ MDS VT95
Consistency. Bureaucratic efforts should be coordinated so that the same procedures are adopted toward analogous migration streams. We have already found evidence of government efforts along this line. There is routine interagency consultation at an intermediate level of administration, and we found little evidence of "bureaucratic politics" influencing policy implementation. Also, what might be called a "restrictionist assumption" has begun to take hold during the 1980s, with effects that range from the U. S. consulates in Central America to border checkpoints in California to employers' inspection of documents proving immigration status.
AS-186 / RICHARD D. LAMM, former Governor of Colorado, & Gary, ] 985; THE IMMIGRATION TIME BOMB: THE FRAGMENTING OF AMERICA p. 19 \\ MDS VT95
The first priority of any country, the first test for a nation, is to have defined, agreed-upon borders over which the movements of citizens and non citizens alike are controlled. By that test, the United States today would hardly qualify as a nation. We have not clearly and distinctly set and enforced the conditions under which individuals are entitled to enter this country and become participants in our polity. By failing to do so, we have failed to pay attention to the needs, the desires, and the interests of our own citizens.
AS187 / WILLIAM SCHNEIDER, STAFF WRITER, JULY 24, 1993; THE NATIONAL JOURNAL, "Americans Turn Against Immigration, " Vol. 25, No. 30; Pg. 1900 / AGL-LN-VT95
By 55-35 per cent, people say that the increasing diversity that immigrants bring threatens rather than enriches American culture. More than 40 per cent say that immigrants who have arrived in the past 10-15 years are "less likely to make good citizens" than those who came earlier.
AS188 / WENDY S. TAI, STAFF WRITER, JANUARY 30, 1994; STAR TRIBUNE, "'home Is Where My Heart Is' - Some Immigrants Spurn Citizenship, " Pg. 1B / AGL-VT95
The INS estimates that there are 10 million legal permanent residents in the United States who are not citizens. Those who hail from Canada and Mexico are less likely to become citizens than those who come from halfway around the globe. The reasons for delaying or never taking the citizenship oath are complex, immigrants and officials agree.
AS189 / NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE, JULY 25, 1993, THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS, "Most Immigrants Shun U. S. Citizenship, But Tide May Turn, " Pg. 9A / AGL-LN-VT95
Already, owing as well to changes in the application process, more New York immigrants are applying for citizenship than at any point in the recent past. Applications to the New York office of the immigration service have increased by 70 percent during the past year.
AS190 / GEORGE WILL, SYNDICATED COLUMNIST, JULY 30, 1993; THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, "Slamming Shut The Golden Door To Immigrants, " Pg. B7 / AGL-LN-VT95
The second difference in the context of immigration, another difference that makes problematic the tradition of liberality regarding immigration, is the weakening of the ideal of assimilation. But it is unclear the extent to which immigrants themselves are hostile to or even ambivalent about assimilation. The anti-assimilationist impulse may emanate primarily from those native-born intellectuals who believe America is a sick, racist, sexist, exploitative, oppressive, patriarchal, etc. society into which no self-respecting person would wish to assimilate. Furthermore, say some intellectuals, "diversity" is an inherent good: the more the better because it is good to weaken a sick community's sense of community. In addition, individual "authenticity" requires adherence to ethnic identity. And ethnicity should be the basis of a civic life built around group rights and entitlements.
AS191 / JONATHAN TILOVE AND JOE HALLINAN, NEWHOUSE NEWS SERVICE, AUGUST 8, 1993; THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, "Immigrants Spur Latest White Flight, " Pg. A8 / AGL-VT95
What the new data make clear is just how thoroughly America's growing minority population is a consequence of this immigration, and how unevenly the nation is sharing in this developing drama of diversity. "A broad swath of America is largely untouched by the new infusion of immigrants and minorities, " Frey said, noting that for some, "that lack of diversity is a plus. " Especially among older white people, Frey said, there appears to be a "yearning for stability" and a desire to escape the upheaval of rapid racial and social change. The data, in fact, confirm that white Americans are moving to states on the southern Atlantic Coast and in the West that have fewer immigrants.
AS192 / JONATHAN TILOVE AND JOE HALLINAN, NEWHOUSE NEWS SERVICE, AUGUST 8, 1993; THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, "Immigrants Spur Latest White Flight, " Pg. A8 / AGL-VT95
Immigration has continued unabated even as the big- immigration states of Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, California and Illinois were either losing or creating very few jobs. And the obvious destinations for discontented white people have been whiter states such as Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Montana, Washington and Oregon that have had among the highest rates of job growth.
AS193 / JONATHAN TILOVE AND JOE HALLINAN, NEWHOUSE NEWS SERVICE, AUGUST 8, 1993; THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, "Immigrants Spur Latest White Flight, " Pg. A8 / AGL-VT95
In the meantime, much of America's white heartland remains largely undisturbed by new arrivals either from other states or abroad.
AS194 / JONATHAN TILOVE AND JOE HALLINAN, NEWHOUSE NEWS SERVICE, AUGUST 8, 1993; THE TIMES-PICAYUNE, "Immigrants Spur Latest White Flight, " Pg. A8 / AGL-VT95
If white people leaving California head for whiter states, many black people instead head South, to states with thriving black communities and family ties. Very few black Californians move to Oregon, while nearly a third of the movement from California to Georgia is black.
AS195 / LAWRENCE AUSTER, IMMIGRATION RESEARCHER, FEBRUARY 21, 1994; NATIONAL REVIEW, "Avoiding the Issue" V. 46 p. 195 / AGL-5VT95
Since it is generally understood that continued Third World immigration is leading to an unprecedented transformation of this country in social, political, cultural, and racial terms, that policy can only be made palatable to the American people by redefining America and its history so that the transformation will not be seen as such. The leftist redefinition of America as a multicultural society has a conservative (and liberal) dialogue: the redefinition of America as a universalist idea, differs from any historical or cultural particularity.
AS196 / RONALD BROWNSTEIN and RICHARD SIMON, TIMES STAFF WRITERS, NOVEMBER 14, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "HOSPITALITY TURNS INTO HOSTILITY; CALIFORNIA HAS A LONG HISTORY OF WELCOMING NEWCOMERS FOR THEIR CHEAP LABOR -- UNTIL TIMES TURN ROUGH. THE CURRENT BACKLASH IS ALSO FUELED BY THE SCOPE AND NATURE OF THE IMMIGRATION, " Part A; Page 1; Column 1 / AGL-VT95
Buchanan emphasized opposition to immigration -- on cultural as well as economic grounds -- and NAFTA in his Republican presidential campaign last year. Perot, the most visible NAFTA critic, has not talked much about immigration, but in his limited comments he has aligned himself with a restrictionist view. "We have got to turn immigration back into a rational process, " Perot said on C-SPAN last summer. "We cannot just be a dumping ground in this country when our people are out of work and we're $4 trillion in debt. "
AS197 / TONY FREEMANTLE, STAFF WRITER, JULY 4, 1993; THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE, "Anti- Immigrant Sentiment Rises; Impact A Matter Of Debate, " Pg. A1 / AGL-LN-VT95
Much of the recent focus on immigrants has centered on what they cost American society, both in terms of social services and in terms of cultural influences.
AS198 / Kevin Starr, (professor of planning and development and faculty master of Embassy Residential College at USC) Los Angeles Times September 26, 1993, Part M; Page 1; HEADLINE: CALIFORNIA REVERTS TO ITS SCAPEGOATING WAYS; IMMIGRATION: THROUGHOUT ITS HISTORY, WHEN ECONOMIC TIMES GOT TOUGH, BLAME WAS PASSED ON TO MIGRANT GROUPS. MEXICO IS THE LATEST TARGET. (L / N) / / MS-VT95
Furthermore, in an economy partly dependent upon illegal immigration, citizenship is devalued. What previous generations struggled for across a lifetime -- the chance to live and work in America -- is stolen by means of false papers. The ghetto existence of illegal immigrants reinforces an unfortunate tendency in the legal immigrant community not to learn English, not to assimilate, on some level, the language, legal and institutional structures, heritage and historical identities of the United States of America.
AS199 / PETER H. SCHUCK, LAW PROFESSOR at YALE UNIVERSITY, JANUARY 1994; CURRENT, "THE EVOLVING CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: Old Civil Rights and New Immigration" V. 359 p. 20 \ VT95
Immigration is swiftly magnifying both racial diversity and intra-group differentiation. Polit- ical progress for civil rights in this setting de-mands need-based policies capable of reaching and appealing to working- and middle-class voters- the opposite of racial preferences.
AS200 / MARILYN HOSKIN, Prof. Political Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1991, NEW IMMIGRANTS AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY p. 20 \\ MDS VT95
Clearly, immigration and integration pose particularly difficult questions for Western democracies. As noted earlier, they have been destinations of choice for millions of immigrants and refugees since World War II. All have admitted newcomers and enjoyed the benefits of their labor. All have deep-rooted, constitutional commitments to resident minorities, and all have gone on record supporting basic rights of people to flee intolerable situations. In all, the pressures for increased immigration are unrelenting, and their governments are all struggling to achieve a balance among the interests of the groups involved. And for all, the stakes are enormous, involving as they do not only operational policies but the very capacities of their systems. Miller and Papademetriou capture the seriousness. of the challenge when they conclude that "ethnically diverse societies are in serious danger of disintegration only when a system of cumulative inequalities entrenches itself.
AS-201 / Jim Boulet Jr. , Legislative director of English First, May 2, 1994 "Preserving a Common Thread" The New American p. 28 / / PKK-5 VT95
The goal of enforcing linguistic separatism is intrinsic to bilingual education programs. Every country that uses bilingual education methods, save the United States, does so with the explicit goal of preserving minority languages and cultures. This is because the only thing bilingual education is really good at is preserving a child's native language. This undoubtedly can have some benefits, but the ability to function in a common language is clearly not one of them.
AS202 / Jim Boulet Jr. , Legislative director of English First, May 2, 1994 "Preserving a Common Thread" The New American p. 28 / / PKK-5 -VT95
bilingual education programs are notorious for their failure to provide adequate training in the English language. The reasons for this failure are obvious. If a person wants to learn Spanish, he typically attends classes in which he is allowed to speak very little English. But proponents of bilingual education insist that the way for Spanish-speaking students to learn English is to immerse them in a Spanish-speaking environment.
AS203 / Jim Boulet Jr. , Legislative director of English First, May 2, 1994 "Preserving a Common Thread" The New American p. 28 / / PKK-5 -VT95
Bilingual education in this nation : helps guarantee that there will always be people in need if bilingual. This is because most people who do not learn English while young will have a difficult time learning it later in life. .
AS204 / Jim Boulet Jr. , Legislative director of English First, May 2, 1994 = "Preserving a Common Thread" The New American p. 28 / / PKK-5 -VT95
Students in public schools may be placed in a bilingual program if they come from homes where a language other than English is usually spoken. A student may speak perfect English, but if the school discovers that Spanish, is spoken by his parents or grandparents, the child can be trapped in an all-Spanish program for his entire elementary . school career.
AS205 / BARRY R. CHISWICK, Prof. Economics, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, 1992; in IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE, AND ETHNICITY, "Language in the immigrant labor market" p. 229 \\ MS-VT95
Spoken language skills are so basic that they are usually taken for communicate verbally the ability to granted. it is through a common language must have substantial economic value. Economic transactions can take place without verbal communication, but the cost of these transactions is sharply increased, and their frequency sharply decreased, when this communication cannot occur.
AS-206 / MICHAEL D'ANTONIO, NEW YORK JOURNALIST, AUGUST 29, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Apocalypse Soon; The Latest Overpopulation Alarm Has A Twist: Not Only Lives But Lifestyles Are At Stake, " Magazine; Page 18 / AGL-VT95
Kendall points to Haiti as an example of how all the problems he describes -- Third World poverty, ecological disaster and overpopulation -- can culminate in massive immigration. Political chaos and environmental problems also have made life so hard that tens of thousands have tried to emigrate to the United States. Many have lost their lives making the passage to Florida in small boats. Others have tried to use official channels, applying for admittance as political refugees. According to the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, more than 35,000 Haitians sought asylum in the United States in just the last six months of 1992.
AS-207 / S. LYNNE WALKER, COPLEY NEWS SERVICE, DECEMBER 27, 1993; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Migration: A Bitter Blow To Traditional Way Of Life, " Pg. A-1 / AGL-VT95
Migration by tens of thousands of men is ruining marriages and convincing more and more young people that they, like their fathers, must leave the towns of their birth.
AS208 /. LYNNE WALKER, COPLEY NEWS SERVICE, DECEMBER 27, 1993; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Migration: A Bitter Blow To Traditional Way Of Life, " Pg. A-1 / AGL-VT95
The men's efforts to establish roots in the United States signal the maturing of a migratory trend that began as a short-term solution to economic problems back home. "Once someone migrates, they are not the same person, " Massey said. "The act of migration changes their tastes and outlook. What started out as a short-term plan to escape economic constraints turns into a long-term strategy. They stay abroad for longer periods of time. In some cases, they don't return at all. "
AS209 / S. LYNNE WALKER, COPLEY NEWS SERVICE, DECEMBER 27, 1993; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Migration: A Bitter Blow To Traditional Way Of Life, " Pg. A-1 / AGL-VT95
"There are many cases of abandoned families in Mexico where the men stop sending money and start another family in the United States, " said Douglas Massey, director of the University of Chicago's Center for Latin American Studies. "They can't live like unconnected people for very long. They form social ties and they want to settle down. "
AS-210 / WARREN ZIMMERMANN, DIRECTOR OF THE BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS, JULY 12, 1993; U. S. DEPT. OF STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATE DISPATCH, "Addressing the Needs of Refugees: A High Priority in the Post-Cold War Era, " SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN OPERATIONS OF THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, Vol. 04 No. 28 / AGL-LN-VT95
The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union has produced profound internal changes in many countries. It has resulted in hundreds of thousands of people leaving their homes in search of economic opportunity. Where ethnic rivalries and new nationalistic stirrings have led to threatening conditions and, often, violent conflict, tens of thousands more have fled in search of refuge. These events have led to the largest number of European refugees and displaced persons since World War II. The breakup of the former Yugoslavia and the ensuing war has generated nearly 4 million refugees.
AS211 / WENDY S. TAI, STAFF WRITER, DECEMBER 27, 1993; STAR TRIBUNE, "Some Say New Welfare Policy Asks Too Much Of Refugees; Rules Pushing Them Too Fast, " Pg. 1A / AGL-VT95
For years, federal policies have provided for refugees to receive cash and medical assistance after they arrive, presumably to allow them some time to adjust. That period now lasts eight months. But refugees who have children no longer get that interim help and instead collect AFDC payments upon arrival. Under the new program, they get little reprieve from the pressures of their new lives, and little of the kind of help they need to begin again.
AS212 / BARRY R. CHISWICK, Prof. Economics, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, 1992; in IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE, AND ETHNICITY, "Language in the immigrant labor market" p. 6 \\ MS-VT95
Today, however, the international refugee crisis consists increasingly of refugees from third world countries. Most of those seeking asylum are not victims of individual persecution, the criterion built into refugee policy, but rather individuals fleeing generalized violence and economic deprivation. Problems arise in distinguishing true refugees from economic migrants, and they are compounded by U. S. foreign policy considerations regarding Latin America and the Caribbean.
AS213 / CHRISTOPHER MITCHELL, Prof. Politics, New York University, 1992; in WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION AND UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY, "Implications for understanding and for policy choice" pp. 294-5 \\ MS-VT95
What would not be morally proper even under such permissive models, however, is exactly what U. S. immigration policy has too often done: to follow narrow foreign policy criteria in the face of U. S. refugee legislation that proclaims an abandonment of such standards and to drop those same criteria when the social character of the migrants encouraged becomes unwelcome.
AS214 / ANTHONY RICHMOND, Prof. Sociology, York Univ. [Canada], 1988; IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT p. 38 \\ MS-VT95
An outstanding characteristic of the last two decades has been the declining importance of economically motivated 'voluntary' migration and the growing numbers of politically induced 'involuntary' population movements represented by expellees, escapees, deportees, refugees and those displaced by war and avoidable famine. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that politics have taken over from economics as the major determinant of international population movements.
AS215 / JOHN SWENSON ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR UNITED STATES CATHOLIC CONFERENCE OFFICE OF MIGRATION AND REFUGEE SERVICES May 17, 1994, CAPITOL HILL HEARING TESTIMONY / / PKK-LN-VT95
and needs becomes increasingly difficult. Nowhere is that more evident than in the explosive growth of requirements in the field of refugee affairs. Events over the past year in Burundi and Rwanda alone leave some 600,000 refugees and an estimated 1. 5 to 2 million displaced persons desperately needing the assistance of the international community. Such enormous numbers threaten political instability in the countries concerned as well as in the international order. These are needs which, if left unmet, can result in massive human suffering. If not addressed in a timely fashion, they can result in far greater costs in the future. For example, the short term expenses of a refugee repatriation program can be significantly greater than maintaining refugees in a camp though, in the long run, repatriation reduces both costs and human suffering.
AS-216 / THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, JUNE 10, 1993, "Reform U. S. Asylum Policy Fraudulent Claims Are Beginning To Escalate, " Pg. B-12 / AGL-LN-VT95
What's far worse, in human terms, is an expanding slave trade involving Chinese nationals who are shipped half-way around the world in the holds of decrepit tramp freighters. They are being cruelly victimized by organized Chinese smuggling cartels, known as "snakeheads, " that supply workers for sweatshops in the United States. In most cases, the immigrants are charged up to $30,000 to be smuggled illegally into this country, where they work under squalid conditions to pay off their passages as indentured servants. This form of organized crime is estimated to be a $3 billion-a-year industry.
AS217 / BARBARA REYNOLDS, REP. SUSAN MOLINARI, AND JANE CHASTAIN, JUNE 28, 1993; CNN, "How to Stop Terrorism?" Transcript # 143 - 2 / AGL-LN-VT95
TILLOTSON: To Susan - what's afoot on Capitol Hill concerning immigration laws? Rep. MOLINARI: Absolutely, as you can well understand. The recent threats coming from abroad to the United States - added with it the Golden Venture, the Chinese ship that came abroad [sic] in Brooklyn two weeks ago, bringing with it several hundred individuals paying up to $ 30,000 for safe passage into the United States - has really gotten our constituents to work the phone, saying, 'Look, we don't mind the fact that we are a nation of immigrants, but there again are rules and regulations that people have to follow. ' And I think if there's going to be any priority that's going to be coming out of this Congress, it's going to be us responding to our constituents, saying, 'It's time we toughen our immigration laws, and stop making exceptions. '
AS218 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 27, 1993, HEADLINE: Huge Boom in Human Smuggling - Inside Story of Flight From China $ 3 billion business, The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
Some INS officials estimate that fewer than 5 percent of smuggled Chinese are ever caught. Only 1, 390 were apprehended last year, and just 89 were sent home. The majority disappear into the Chinese community.
AS219 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 27, 1993, HEADLINE: Huge Boom in Human Smuggling - Inside Story of Flight From China $ 3 billion business, The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
To make such earnings requires only modest risk. Penalties for smuggling are mild. Thirteen crew members on the Liberated Lady and the Taiwanese mother ship were convicted of smuggling last year. But their sentences ranged from only five to 15 months, and all have been released from jail.
AS220 / NEW CHINA NEWS AGENCY, BBC SUMMARY OF WORLD BROADCASTS, JANUARY 27, 1994, BEIJING, "China And USA To Take "Effective Measures" Against Illegal Immigration" / AGL-VT95
The Chinese side pointed out that China is resolutely against and cannot accept that "political asylum" should be offered to smugglers who ask the US for "political protection" . Such people use so-called excuses such as that "the Chinese human rights situation is not good" , or claim that they are "suffering from political persecution" , or are against China's family-planning policy. The Chinese view is that wrongfully granting asylum in fact encourages smuggling and provides international smuggling organizations with opportunities.
AS221 / Pamela Burdman, staff writer April 30, 1993 HEADLINE: ILLEGALS JAM SHIPS IN ORIENT ; SMUGGLERS STUFF FLESH FOR U. S. PORTS THE PHOENIX GAZETTE / / PKK-LN-VT95
--> The traffic in Chinese immigrants has become a $3 billion-a-year business, with tentacles reaching from Hong Kong to San Francisco, New York and Paris.
AS222 / Pamela Burdman, staff writer April 30, 1993 HEADLINE: ILLEGALS JAM SHIPS IN ORIENT ; SMUGGLERS STUFF FLESH FOR U. S. PORTS THE PHOENIX GAZETTE / / PKK-LN-VT95
--> The enormous profits have attracted criminal entrepreneurs, former drug dealers and members of established crime rings into loose affiliations that control every aspect of the smuggling trade.
AS223 Pamela Burdman, staff writer April 30, 1993 HEADLINE: ILLEGALS JAM SHIPS IN ORIENT ; SMUGGLERS STUFF FLESH FOR U. S. PORTS THE PHOENIX GAZETTE / / PKK-LN-VT95
--> The Chinese emigrants who come seeking a better life are routinely exploited and abused. Last year, 37 women on board one ship reported that they were raped by crew members. In another case, four people died in a failed smuggling scheme in New York.
AS224 Pamela Burdman, staff writer April 30, 1993 HEADLINE: ILLEGALS JAM SHIPS IN ORIENT ; SMUGGLERS STUFF FLESH FOR U. S. PORTS THE PHOENIX GAZETTE / / PKK-LN-VT95
With little official deterrent, the boats are coming more frequently and carrying larger loads. In December, the Manyoshi Maru was escorted into San Francisco Bay, carrying 171 passengers in its filthy hold. In late January, the East Wood broke down near the Marshall Islands. When Coast Guard officers went to the rescue in early February, they found 524 passengers, far more than they had ever seen on a smuggling ship.
AS225 / Nanette Asimov, Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writers APRIL 29, 1993, HEADLINE: Baja Coast Now Most Convenient Back Door to U. S. The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
For thousands of Chinese who leave their homes in Fujian province each year packed into the holds of smuggling ships, the hidden coves along the coast of Baja California have become the new gateway to America. After testing dozens of routes in the past decade, some of the smugglers have chosen Baja's rocky coast as the ideal drop-off point, U. S. immigration officials say. Its sheltered inlets offer calm waters and privacy. Mexican fishermen are available to help the smugglers. And guards along the porous U. S. -Mexico border are already overwhelmed by more than half a million Mexicans who cross illegally each year.
AS226 / Pamela Burdman, staff writer April 30, 1993 HEADLINE: ILLEGALS JAM SHIPS IN ORIENT ; SMUGGLERS STUFF FLESH FOR U. S. PORTS THE PHOENIX GAZETTE / / PKK-LN-VT95
U. S. immigration officials say they are overwhelmed by the number of Chinese who pay smugglers for the chance at work and wealth in America. Some estimate that more than 100,000 Chinese are being smuggled into the country every year, far more than the 30,000 who immigrate legally. In the past two years alone, more than 40 smuggling ships have been detected around the Pacific Rim. But hundreds of planes and boats have carried illegal immigrants who were never discovered.
AS227 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 27, 1993, HEADLINE: Huge Boom in Human Smuggling - Inside Story of Flight From China $ 3 billion business, The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
In Fuzhou, thousands like Zhou are willing to risk their lives for a passage to America. To tap the pent-up demand, entrepreneurs and organized crime groups have created a sophisticated and well-organized international network. With fees ranging from $ 20,000 to $ 35,000, the profit potential is astonishing.
AS227A / THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS October 24, 1993, EDITORIALS; Pg. 2J HEADLINE: IMMIGRATION; Asylum and refugee policies are a shambles (L / N) / / MS-VT95
Today, smuggling fees of $ 30,000 or more pay not only for passage but also for critical advice about the enhanced consideration" given by U. S. authorities to Chinese asylum applicants who claim persecution on the basis of China's one-family, one-child policy.
AS228 / LOU DOBBS CNN SHOW: Moneyline October 15, 1993 Transcript # 1011-3 HEADLINE: U. S. Admits Frustration in Chinese Immigration GUESTS: TIMOTHY WIRTH, Undersecy.. of State Designate (L / N) / / MS-VT95
The illegal business of smuggling Chinese immigrants from their nation is costing the United States billions of dollars in taxes and manpower. U. S. officials are frustrated by the quickly expanding problem.
AS229 / LOU DOBBS CNN SHOW: Moneyline October 15, 1993 Transcript # 1011-3 HEADLINE: U. S. Admits Frustration in Chinese Immigration GUESTS: TIMOTHY WIRTH, Undersecy.. of State Designate (L / N) / / MS-VT95
LOU DOBBS, Anchor: As we reported this week, an estimated 100,000 Chinese are smuggled into the United States each year, literally sold into slavery, many of them. For some organized crime rings, immigrant smuggling has replaced drug trafficking as the business of choice. Washington has been, apparently, powerless to stop the slave trade but the Clinton administration claims it is changing all of that.
AS230 / THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS October 10, 1993, Pg. 2J HEADLINE: IMMIGRATION; Congress must confront criminal impact (L / N) / / MS-VT95
A third area of concern is to be found in increased alien smuggling. Ninety percent of all newcomers to Manhattan's Chinatown are said to be illegal, with the number of Chinese indentured servants in the New York area probably in the tens of thousands. Alien smuggling is said to be worth hundreds of millions of dollars to Chinese crime syndicates.
AS231 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 28, 1993, HEADLINE: How Gangsters Cash In On Human Smuggling Profits lure government officials too The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
Former drug dealers and established crime rings like the Japanese yakuza, the Wo Hop To in the Bay Area and Vietnamese street gangs on the East Coast are hustling for a piece of the action. Government officials in seven countries -- including the United States -- have been linked to bribery, extortion and other smuggling-related corruption.
AS232 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 28, 1993, HEADLINE: How Gangsters Cash In On Human Smuggling Profits lure government officials too The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
Immigration experts believe that for every well-known smuggler, there are many other smart new entrepreneurs who have been lured into the business by the high stakes and low risks. Some are based in Hong Kong, Fujian province and Panama. A New York police detective, speaking on the condition of anonymity, estimated that 25 smuggling rings are operating in Manhattan's Chinatown.
AS233 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 28, 1993, HEADLINE: How Gangsters Cash In On Human Smuggling Profits lure government officials too The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
According to a U. S. Senate report issued in December, many of the smuggler have ties to organized crime. Senator William Roth Jr. , the Delaware Republican who directed a Senate investigation on the matter, said some of the smugglers are former drug lords. ''We found that some heroin smugglers have switched to alien smuggling because alien smuggling can be almost as lucrative, while carrying much less risk of going to jail, '' he told The Chronicle.
AS234 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 28, 1993, HEADLINE: How Gangsters Cash In On Human Smuggling Profits lure government officials too The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
Scholars and law enforcement agents say the business has spawned a vigorous underground economy, making the economic impact of human-trafficking even bigger.
AS235 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 28, 1993, HEADLINE: How Gangsters Cash In On Human Smuggling Profits lure government officials too The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
A host of satellite businesses serve the community of undocumented immigrants: agents who help them obtain working papers, real or phony; employment offices that, for a fee, direct them to jobs; and restaurants and garment factories that hire them to work long hours at wages below minimum wage.
AS236 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 28, 1993, HEADLINE: How Gangsters Cash In On Human Smuggling Profits lure government officials too The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
Some estimate that more than 100,000 Chinese are being smuggled into the country every year, far more than the 30,000 a year who immigrate legally. In the past two years alone, more than 40 smuggling ships have been detected around the Pacific Rim. But there must have been hundreds of planes and boats carrying illegal immigrants that were never discovered.
AS237 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 27, 1993, HEADLINE: Huge Boom in Human Smuggling - Inside Story of Flight From China $ 3 billion business, The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
* The traffic in Chinese immigrants has become a $ 3 billion-a-year business, with tentacles reaching from Hong Kong to San Francisco, New York and Paris.
* The enormous profits have attracted criminal entrepreneurs, former drug dealers and members of established crime rings into loose affiliations that control every aspect of the smuggling trade.
* The Chinese emigrants who come seeking a better life are routinely exploited and abused. Last year, 37 women on board one ship reported that they were raped by crew members. In another case, four people died in a failed smuggling scheme in New York.
AS238 / Rep. Bill McCollum (R-Fla., ranking member of the House Judiciary subcommittee on international law, immigration, and refugees. ) Roll Call SEPTEMBER 27, 1993 HEADLINE: Immigration Reform Can't Wait for NAFTA McCollum: We Must Change Our Laws Now (L / N) / / MS-VT95
- Our porous immigration policy has spawned a $3 billion-a-year illegal alien smuggling business operated by organized Asian gangs. An individual can pay up to $30,000 for passage to the United States, often being forced to travel months in the overcrowded hulls of rusted frigates. If caught, all are well-rehearsed to claim political asylum.
AS239 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 14, 1994, HEADLINE: U. S. Asks Taiwan To Contact Suspect Ship The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
International criminal syndicates generally charge residents of China's Fujian province more than $ 25,000 each to be smuggled into the United States. Once there, the immigrants typically work in slavelike conditions to pay off their smuggling fees.
AS240 / PHIL REEVES; staff writer THE INDEPENDENT May 26, 1993, HEADLINE: Chinese immigrant smuggling on rise, U. S. officials say, The Ottawa Citizen Pg. A8 / / PKK-VT95
The U. S. government believes that the smuggling is the work of organized crime, whose operations stretch from China and Hong Kong to Mexico and New York. The illicit trade is believed to have lured heroin traffickers and Triad gang members, attracted by the knowledge that "human smuggling can make millions in profits but is punished by jail sentences of only four to 10 months, if caught.
AS241 / MURIEL DOBBIN, BEE WASHINGTON BUREAU, JUNE 19, 1993; SACRAMENTO BEE, "President Targets Illegal Immigrants, " Pg. A1 / AGL-LN-VT95
Referring to the wave of smuggling incidents in recent weeks, the attorney general commented, "Events have brought into focus the tremendous economic, human and social impact immigration has on our country. We have much work to do in this area to ensure that those who truly deserve political asylum are granted it, but that those who break the laws of this country are given the strictest possible penalties. "
AS242 / Michael Rezendes, Globe Staff May 31, 1993 HEADLINE: Rich trade: human cargo into the US The Boston Globe Pg. 1 / PKK-VT95
Taken together, Kwong and immigration officials say, the incidents underscore a newly emboldened attitude on the part of smugglers of undocumented Chinese who are stepping up their activities - taking advantage of astronomical profits, lenient penalties and complex international criminal networks.
AS243 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 30, 1993 HEADLINE: Business of Human Smuggling Tests U. S. Immigration Policies The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
Waves of smuggled Chinese have been landing in New York, Los Angeles and Hawaii, where government officials and community leaders have been shocked by their harrowing stories. While the illegal immigrants have to endure dangerous and sometimes brutal journeys to America and years of hard labor once they arrive, the smugglers are earning millions.
AS-244 / Warren Zimmerman [Director Bureau for Refugee programs, Dept, of State]_1993 Hearing: Refugee' Admissions Program for Fiscal Year 1994. Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration and Refugees. House of Representatives, 103rd Congress. Serial No. 16. September 23. p. 5 / / SW-VT95
Ten years ago, there were 8 million refugees under protection in the world. Today there are 18 million refugees under protection and another 20 million or so displaced persons.
AS-245 / DEBORAH SONTAG, NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE, JANUARY 23, 1994; CHICAGO TRIBUNE, "Sexual Terrorism; Immigration -Law Attorneys Want Rape Classified As Grounds For Political Asylum, " Pg. 12 / AGL-VT95
Although immigration officials do not keep such statistics, it is believed that only a fraction of political asylum cases involve women. Very few women flee their homelands alone, and most women who leave with male family members end up deriving asylum through the men's applications. Until recently, few lawyers or immigration officials took the time to elicit stories from women. And many women refugees who have been sexually attacked are reluctant to tell even their family members, much less male lawyers, immigration officials or judges.
AS246 / DEBORAH SONTAG, NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE, JANUARY 23, 1994; CHICAGO TRIBUNE, "Sexual Terrorism; Immigration -Law Attorneys Want Rape Classified As Grounds For Political Asylum, " Pg. 12 / AGL-VT95
"There's always a fear that anything, even a new nationality or a new category like women or gay people, will open up the floodgates, " he said. "There's a perception that if a woman from a Muslim country got asylum, many might come thinking they're now all eligible. But they wouldn't be. It's case by case, individual by individual. "
AS247 / JILL LAWRENCE, ASSOCIATED PRESS March 27, 1994, HEADLINE: GENDER PERSECUTION NEW REASON FOR ASYLUM; HUMAN RIGHTS: WOMEN FACE BRIDE-BURNING, GENITAL MUTILATION, FORCED ABORTIONS AND POLITICALLY MOTIVATED RAPE, BUT NATIONS HAVE BEEN SLOW TO GRANT REFUGE. Los Angeles Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
U. S. Immigration Judge Kendall Warren called the widespread African practice "cruel, painful and dangerous. " He said Oluloro had proven, as required by U. S. law, that her deportation would result in "extreme hardship" to her or her family. U. S. immigration officials said they would not appeal.
AS-248 / ANNA QUINDLEN, NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE, MARCH 23, 1993; CHICAGO TRIBUNE, "Since When Does America Admit Only Perfect People?" Pg. 15 / AGL-LN-VT95
The Guantanamo Bay encampment, in Cuba, is home to those who turned out to be HIV positive, a place called limbo. It exists because of a ban, the ban that forbids immigrants who are infected with the AIDS virus to enter this country. The American Bar Association opposes the ban. The American Medical Association has said it is scientifically specious. And Bill Clinton campaigned on overturning it. That was the hope of the people in limbo. But the Senate decided to pre-empt the president and voted to make the ban federal law. This was not homophobia or xenophobia, some members insisted: It was fiscal prudence. Letting potential AIDS patients into the United States could result in increased health care costs.
AS249 / ANNA QUINDLEN, NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE, MARCH 23, 1993; CHICAGO TRIBUNE, "Since When Does America Admit Only Perfect People?" Pg. 15 / AGL-LN-VT95
Candidate Clinton promised an end to the immigration ban on HIV-positive foreigners. President Clinton appears to be loath to tangle with Congress over this issue. But behind every issue there are just people, in one fix or another, and the people in limbo are essentially in jail for no more reason than that some are sick, some are HIV positive and some are family to those in the other two groups. The portable toilets are stinking; sheets are hung within the barracks for some nominal privacy. It is difficult to imagine the same sort of provisions being made by the American government for Irish immigrants or Soviet Jews without considerable public uproar.
AS250 / MICHAEL REZENDES, STAFF WRITER, MARCH 12, 1993; THE BOSTON GLOBE, "House Votes To Bar HIV Immigrants, " Pg. 3 / AGL-LN-VT95
The question of whether or not to bar immigrants with the deadly HIV virus has been a volatile issue since the prohibition went into effect in 1987, and in finally coming to a vote has provoked unexpected responses from many involved in the politics of AIDS.
AS-251 / Chris Sale [Acting Commissioner-Immigration and Naturalization Service] 1993 Hearings: Refugee Admissions Program for Fiscal Year 1994. Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration and Refugees. house of Representatives, 103rd Congress. Serial No. 16. September 23. p. 21. / / SW-VT95
Consistent with President Clinton's January announcement of enhanced refugee processing in Haiti, we expanded and improved the program. Additional refugee processing facilities were established in Les Cayes and Cap Haitien to make the program more accessible to Haitians in remote areas and additional measures were implemented to ensure the quality and consistency of refugee adjudications.
AS252 / Chris Sale [Acting Commissioner-Immigration and Naturalization Service] 1993 Hearing: Refugee Admissions Program for Fiscal Year 1994. Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration and Refugees. House of Representatives, 103rd Congress. Serial No. 16. September 23. p. 20. \\ SW-VT95
Let me begin with Haiti. In February 1992, INS and the Department of State established an in-country refugee processing program in Haiti. Haitians at risk of persecution were afforded an opportunity for U. S. resettlement without having to face the potential dangers of the sea.
AS253 / Nydia Velazquez [Rep. New York] 1993 Hearing: Alien Smuggling. Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration, and Refugees. House of Representatives, 103rd Congress. Serial No. 9. June, 30. p. 18 / / SW-VT95
I can assure you that, coming from Puerto Rico an American citizen of Puerto Rican descent, I do , understand why Haitians want to come to this country. They don t want to come to this country seeking jobs, they just want to leave Haiti because of the oppression and repression that they are suffering because of the human misery. They would love to come to this country just to have a vacation, not to leave their island.
AS-254 / Warren Zimmerman [Director Bureau for Refugee programs, Dept., of State] 1993 Hearing: Refugee Admissions Program for Fiscal Year 1994. Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration and Refugees. House of Representatives, 103rd Congress. Serial No. 16. September 23 p. 9 / / SW-VT95
In Bosnia-Herzegovina, we continue our efforts to assist the more than 4 million displaced persons and refugees in the area. The United States has contributed over $350 million to the relief effort. We continue to look for ways and means to increase assistance. We are very concerned about the shortage of both funding and food for the United Nations agencies working in the former Yugoslavia.
AS255 / Warren Zimmerman [Director Bureau for Refugee programs, Dept., of State]_1993 Hearing: Refugee Admissions Program for Fiscal Year 1994. Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration and Refugees. House of Representatives, 103rd Congress. Serial No. 16. September 23 p. 9 / / SW-VT95
On the other hand, genuine human tragedies in the former Yugoslavia and the Horn of Africa -tragedies that are creating thousands of refugees -continue unabated. ' Of . special concern is the devastation that has occurred in Bosnia-Herzegovina. This tragic conflict has taken a terrible human toll and threatens the stability of the entire region. )
AS256 / Warren Zimmerman [Director Bureau for Refugee programs, Dept., of State]_1993 Hearing: Refugee Admissions Program for Fiscal Year 1994. Subcommittee on International Law, Immigration and Refugees. House of Representatives, 103rd Congress. Serial No. 16. September 23 pp. 9-10 / / SW-VT95
Under almost any scenario, the problems of food and shelter as winter impends will be a major challenge to the international community. We are. encouraging multilateral action, especially on the part of European countries, which we believe have a special responsibility for Providing humanitarian assistance-to the region.
AS257 / LESLIE BERKMAN, STAFF WRITER, FEBRUARY 7, 1994; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "In O. C. And Across U. S. , Bosnians Are Stranded; Aid: Immigration Status Prevents Work; War Bars Their Return. Medical Evacuees Depend On Charity, Rely On Hope, " Part A; Page 1 / AGL-VT95
Since the July airlift, the number of Bosnians entering the United States for medical help has grown. The International Organization for Migration said its medical mission has evacuated 362 people from Bosnia, 57 of whom have been brought to the United States, with the remainder going to other Western countries.
AS258 / SETH FAISON, STAFF WRITER, JULY 25, 1993; THE NEW YORK TIMES, "Bosnian in U. S. , Horror Behind and New Life Ahead, " Page 8 / AGL-LN-VT95
He (Jakubovic) shed his reluctance to speak about his most horrific memories at the urging of the International Rescue Committee, a private relief organization whose officers are eager to demonstrate the abundance of Bosnians needing refuge among the more than 300,000 who fled their homes and are waiting in Croatia for resettlement. With many European countries closing their borders to immigrants, the committee's officers say, more and more Bosnians are now asking to come to the United States. Yet it is unclear how many will be allowed in. Of the 122,000 allotted spaces for refugees this year -- including about 50,000 for the republics of the former Soviet Union and 50,000 for Vietnam -- only 2,000 will go to Bosnians. That allotment was reduced from 3,000 last month when the State Department announced that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was unable to find enough Bosnians waiting in Croatia who wanted to come.
AS259 / SETH FAISON, STAFF WRITER, JULY 25, 1993; THE NEW YORK TIMES, "Bosnian in U. S. , Horror Behind and New Life Ahead, " Page 8 / AGL-LN-VT95
A State Department official said discussions were under way with Congress on whether the allotment for refugees from Bosnia should be increased in the fiscal year that begins on Oct. 1. Ms. Nagorski says it should be at least 10,000.
AS260 / SETH FAISON, STAFF WRITER, JULY 25, 1993; THE NEW YORK TIMES, "Bosnian in U. S. , Horror Behind and New Life Ahead, " Page 8 / AGL-LN-VT95
Barbara Nagorski, vice president of the International Rescue Committee, says there is no shortage of willing and needy refugees. The problem, she says, is that the United Nations agency is overburdened with providing emergency aid in Bosnia and unable to screen all those who would qualify for refugee status. A spokeswoman for the agency in Washington agreed, saying it was running out of funds.
AS-261 / JOHN SWENSON ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR UNITED STATES CATHOLIC CONFERENCE OFFICE OF MIGRATION AND REFUGEE SERVICES May 17, 1994, CAPITOL HILL HEARING TESTIMONY / / PKK-LN-VT95
Another issue concerns the Hmong refugees in Thailand, former resistance fighters to whom the United States still has a debt. USCC / MRS is strongly opposed to the forced repatriation of the Hmong to Laos. We are also, however, opposed to forcing the Hmong to choose resettlement by threatening a cut-off date after which they will lose their eligibility for resettlement in the United States. Our understanding is that many of the Hmong remaining in Thailand, especially the older generation, wish to return home to Loas rather than resettle in the United States. However, they fear to return to Laos at this time. For the past several years, pressure has been put on the Hmong to choose repatriation or resettlement. This pressure has largely originated from the Thai government but has been joined in by the UNHCR.
AS262 / Jean Christensen; Staff Writer April 27, 1994, HEADLINE: House members vow to fight forcible return of Laotian refugees Star Tribune / / PKK-LN-VT95
In testimony before the House subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific, Hmong leaders offered stories of family members being sent back to Laos without proper hearings to determine whether they are eligible for political asylum in the United States or elsewhere. Eyewitness accounts paint a picture of widespread corruption in Thai refugee camps, with Hmong residents being enticed or cajoled into forgoing proper hearings on their refugee status, said Vang Pobzeb, chairman of the Lao Human Rights Council. Many who return are victims of torture, kidnappings and murder, he said.
AS-263 / LOS ANGELES TIMES, JULY 28, 1993, "Much More Than Money Is Needed; Required: A New Border Management Agency, " Page B6 / AGL-LN-VT95
Also worthwhile is the President's plan to expedite refugee asylum procedures. In recent years those slow and unwieldy procedures have increasingly been abused by foreign job seekers making phony political asylum claims to extend their stays for months or even years. This situation is what has lately drawn so many Chinese refugees, crammed aboard old ships off the U. S. coast waiting to sneak ashore and file for asylum through a loophole resulting from China's harsh policies on childbearing. If the asylum process is shortened from the current 18-month average to five days -- and this in fact is the Administration's ambitious goal -- that could help stem the flow of immigrants.
AS264 / PAUL GLASTRIS, STAFF WRITER, JUNE 21, 1993; U. S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, "Immigration Crackdown, " Vol. 114, No. 24; Pg. 34, 38 / AGL-LN-VT95
Asylum. The more immediate issue is what to do about those who circumvent the refugee system by coming directly to America and requesting asylum. The INS, plagued by a shortage of both asylum officers and detention space, now releases asylum seekers into the country until their cases are called, often months later. Many don't bother to show up. Solutions to the asylum mess range from conservative (giving INS officers power to put aliens with weak-sounding claims back on the plane) to liberal (hiring more asylum adjudicators). Many experts also want the Clinton administration to rescind a Bush-era regulation that allows Chinese to claim asylum on the basis of their government's coercive one-child-per-family policy. Thanks largely to that regulation, which applies to millions of people, 85 percent of Chinese who have asked for asylum in the United States since 1989 have gotten it. That's why Chinese are willing to risk the arduous trip to the United States.
AS265 / CHICAGO TRIBUNE, JUNE 21, 1993, "Cities And Immigration: A New Reality, " Pg. 14 / AGL-LN-VT95
Some (immigration) reforms may be necessary, particularly in terms of asylum policy, but they ought to be considered soberly and with an abiding sense of America's traditional, historic status as a place of refuge for "the homeless" and "the tempest-tost. "
AS266 / WARREN ZIMMERMANN, DIRECTOR OF THE BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS, JULY 12, 1993; U. S. DEPT. OF STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATE DISPATCH, "Addressing the Needs of Refugees: A High Priority in the Post-Cold War Era, " SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN OPERATIONS OF THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, Vol. 04 No. 28 / AGL-LN-VT95
The U. S. is engaged with the republics of the former Soviet Union and the states of Eastern and Central Europe to help them manage the movement of people in keeping with democratic norms. We are also committed to asylum reform--to ensure that misuse of humanitarian channels does not threaten public support for the protection of those truly in need. PRM will also be responsible for coordinating the Department's policy on population.
AS267 / THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, JUNE 10, 1993, "Reform U. S. Asylum Policy Fraudulent Claims Are Beginning To Escalate, " Pg. B-12 / AGL-LN-VT95
In the overwhelming majority of cases, illegal immigrants who request asylum-- often after coaching from their smugglers -- are simply given a hearing date to determine whether their claim is valid and then released. Because the Immigration and Naturalization Service is overloaded with claims, the wait for a hearing is often more than a year. Not surprisingly, most asylum seekers disappear into the streets and are never seen again by authorities.
AS268 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 30, 1993 HEADLINE: Business of Human Smuggling Tests U. S. Immigration Policies The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
But if the 524 Chinese had touched U. S. soil, like the passengers on board the Manyoshi Maru, they could have stayed on by asking for asylum. If detention spaces were low, they would have been released into the country before their asylum claims were heard. This ease of entry spurred the onset of large-scale smuggling by boat two years ago. As long as the immigrants clear INS hurdles and make it into the country, the smugglers can collect their fees.
AS269 / Pamela Burdman, Chronicle Staff Writer APRIL 30, 1993 HEADLINE: Business of Human Smuggling Tests U. S. Immigration Policies The San Francisco Chronicle / / PKK-LN-VT95
Most of the applications, though, are mired in the immigration bureaucracy, and that opens another door: Thousands apply for asylum, get their work permits and then disappear while their applications are pending. In 1991, less than half of Chinese asylum applicants in New York showed up for their hearings.
AS270 / ARTHUR R. HELTON, is a lawyer and director of the Refugee Project of the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. May 3, 1993 HEADLINE: Uncontrolled Right Of Entry Poses a Threat The National Law Journal Pg. 15 / / PKK-VT95
The hearing delays are themselves a magnet. From fewer than 5,000 applications a year in 1980, asylum claims have exploded to more than 100,000 a year and are growing. The system was never designed to cope with a caseload of this size. It now takes a year and a half to obtain a hearing, in itself an inducement to fraud. Work authorization and complete liberty are provided in the interim. Since most who come here do so to work, many never even show up for a hearing, and there is no criminal sanction for failure to appear.
AS271 / ARTHUR R. HELTON, is a lawyer and director of the Refugee Project of the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. May 3, 1993 HEADLINE: Uncontrolled Right Of Entry Poses a Threat The National Law Journal Pg. 15 / / PKK-VT95
If anyone who reaches this country can ask for an asylum hearing, how can we apply effective national-security-risk assessment and still manage the workload, the backlogs and the inevitable abuse of the system?
AS272 / THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS October 24, 1993, EDITORIALS; Pg. 2J HEADLINE: IMMIGRATION; Asylum and refugee policies are a shambles (L / N) / / MS-VT95
But to repeat, the real challenge to the nation is increasingly the very numbers of claimants. In a recent development, the federal immigration service has detected a tenfold increase in the number of asylum applicants from Mexico, some of which have been mailed in. Elsewhere, advocates are demanding _ sometimes successfully _ that political asylum be expanded to include homosexuals and women on the basis of persecution because of sexual orientation and gender.
AS273 / Arthur C. Helton The Nation October 18, 1993 Vol. 257 ; No. 12 ; Pg. 428; ISSN: 0027-8378 HEADLINE: Closing the golden door: anti- immigration laws. (L / N) / / MS-VT95
* The asylum adjudication system must be streamlined and be assigned sufficient personnel and resources to be capable of deciding claims fairly and expeditiously in order to recognize genuine refugees and avoid attracting spurious claims.
AS274 / Kimberly C. Moore, (Staff writer States News Service) States News Service October 12, 1993, HEADLINE: REID BLAMES NATION'S ILLS ON IMMIGRATION EXPLOSION (L / N) / / MS-VT95
Reid said approximately 100,000 immigrants apply for political asylum each year, most of whom do not show up for a required hearing 18 months later to determine if they merit citizenship. "Not only do we admit more than these 100,000 people each year without knowing who they are or why they came, we actually give them all the documents they need to simply disappear into our society, " Reid said in one of several recent statements about immigration reform on the Senate floor.
AS275 / TIM WEINER staff writer April 25, 1993 HEADLINE: PLEAS FOR ASYLUM INUNDATE SYSTEM FOR IMMIGRATION The New York Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
But as the system gained a measure of compassion, it may have lost a measure of control. It has become less abusive, but more abused by people seeking to defraud it. An immigrant can arrive at an airport, having destroyed his travel documents, plead for asylum and leave with only a tentative court date in 1995.
AS276 / TIM WEINER staff writer April 25, 1993 HEADLINE: PLEAS FOR ASYLUM INUNDATE SYSTEM FOR IMMIGRATION The New York Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
Nearly one million foreigners applied for citizenship last year. One in ten asked for asylum; one in seven were refugees selected abroad for resettlement in the United States by the State Department.
AS277 / TIM WEINER staff writer April 25, 1993 HEADLINE: PLEAS FOR ASYLUM INUNDATE SYSTEM FOR IMMIGRATION The New York Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
"Our national philosophy is to accept people fleeing persecution, " said Verne Jervis, an immigration agency spokesman. "We don't want to turn them away. There are good people who deserve asylum, no question about it. But it's so easy to defeat the system, a 10-year-old could do it. There are bad people who show up and say, 'I'll be killed if you send me back. ' And we have no choice but to admit them. "
AS278 / TIM WEINER staff writer April 25, 1993 HEADLINE: PLEAS FOR ASYLUM INUNDATE SYSTEM FOR IMMIGRATION The New York Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
Each day the ideal of political asylum confronts reality at places like Newark, where last year 23 regional officers faced 23, 743 people who sought asylum, and at Kennedy International Airport, where dozens of asylum-seekers with false travel documents, or no documents at all, enter the United States each week. Immigration officers say an international grapevine has identified Kennedy as an easy target.
AS279 / TIM WEINER staff writer April 25, 1993 HEADLINE: PLEAS FOR ASYLUM INUNDATE SYSTEM FOR IMMIGRATION The New York Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
Last year, 103, 447 people from 154 nations sought political asylum in the United States. The greatest numbers came from Guatemala, El Salvador, the former Soviet Union, the former Yugoslavia, China, Cuba, India and Pakistan. By September, 330,000 people will be waiting for hearings. If the nation sealed its borders, the last of them would not be heard until well after the turn of the century.
AS280 / TIM WEINER staff writer April 25, 1993 HEADLINE: PLEAS FOR ASYLUM INUNDATE SYSTEM FOR IMMIGRATION The New York Times / / PKK-LN-VT95
Nationwide, more than 250,000 foreigners are waiting in line to see one of only 150 asylum officers. Some have been waiting for years. All say they fear persecution at home, and immigration officials estimate that tens of thousands really are running for their lives. Under the law, most are allowed into the United States immediately, physically on free soil, but legally in limbo. Because of the backup, half have no hope of a hearing in the foreseeable future and thus no resolution of their cases.
AS281 / Michael Rezendes, Globe Staff May 31, 1993 HEADLINE: Rich trade: human cargo into the US The Boston Globe Pg. 1 / PKK-VT95
According to Austin, Chinese aliens arrested on American soil or in United States territorial waters cannot be deported if they apply for political asylum. Furthermore, with a backlog of 300,000 applications, processed at a rate of about 20,000 a year, the mere filing of an application can be tantamount to permanent residence.
AS282 / WARREN ZIMMERMANN, DIRECTOR OF THE BUREAU FOR REFUGEE PROGRAMS, JULY 12, 1993; U. S. DEPT. OF STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATE DISPATCH, "Addressing the Needs of Refugees: A High Priority in the Post-Cold War Era, " SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN OPERATIONS OF THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, Vol. 04 No. 28 / AGL-LN-VT95
Ironically, the liberalization of the formerly communist countries has contributed significantly to what many in the West view as the asylum crisis. Many of these countries, anxious to eliminate the closed borders of communism, have had difficulty in developing policies to handle the movements of people across borders in an orderly and controlled fashion. As a result, they are often used as transit points for travel to the West.
AS283 / PATRICK J. McDONNELL and WILLIAM J. EATON, STAFF WRITERS, JULY 19, 1993; LOS ANGELES TIMES, "Political Asylum System Under Fire, Faces Revision; Refugees: Fraud, Anti-Immigrant Feeling Fuel Calls For Reform. Some Fear Legitimate Applicants Will Be Denied, " Page A1 / AGL-LN-VT95
Only two years after its overhaul, the nation's political asylum process is facing likely legislative revision, staggering beneath an unmanageable workload, fierce bipartisan attacks and the nation's growing intolerance for new immigrants.
AS284 / ARISTIDE ZOLBERG, Prof. Political Science, New School for Social Research, 1992; in IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE, AND ETHNICITY, "Refugee policy in the United States and Canada" p. 104 / / MS-VT95
In the 1980s, the challenges arising from the combined effects of the proliferation of refugees in the developing world and of rising immigration pressures on the more developed countries occasioned an unexpected asylum crisis, which vastly exceeded the capacity of established adjudication systems. The impact of these processes was much more severe in the United States. By virtue of its proximity to the Caribbean and Central American region, of the accessibility of its coast and land border, and of its role in the economic and political life of the countries in question, the United States was faced with a massive influx of undocumented economic migrants and asylum seekers. The predicament of many of them was such as to foreclose a neat categorization.
AS285 / Michael G. Lempres, (Former Executive Associate Commissioner for Operations, INS) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 334 / / MS-VT95
Some statistics show the magnitude of the problem that these bills seek to address. There are currently nearly 250,000 pending asylum claims. In FY 1992, over 103,000 asylum claims were filed and fewer than 12,000 claims were decided. Given the number of administrative and legal appeals available to asylum applicants, it is not possible to estimate in what year cases filed today will be finally adjudicated. A thorough background check is not possible on most of these applicants, and the INS does not even have accurate names on many of them.
AS286 / Warren R. Leiden, (Executive Director, American Immigration Lawyers Association) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 262 / / MS-VT95
It has not taken long for alien smugglers to deduce that the government is providing them with a window of opportunity. Despite news reports and INS news releases, it is not recitation of the magic words "political asylum, " but rather INS' willingness to turn a blind eye, that sets these asylum abusers free. If INS would prioritize its cases, uniformly operate the Asylum Pro-Screening Officer (APSO) program, and manage detention space well for those cases that warrant it, we would make great strides toward discouraging the use of asylum to immigrate illegally. When INS has done this -as it did in Los Angeles, for example -the flow of frivolous asylum applications dried up.
AS287 / Robert Rubin, (Assistant Director; Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 162 / / MS-VT95
Second, persons seeking to abuse the asylum process are individuals without any claim of political persecution, They are not concerned with the substantive standard governing grants of asylum, A more burdensome standard, therefore, does nothing to discourage them from applying because they only want to submit an application and then abscond, Consequently, the more restrictive standard will only punish persons with well-founded fears of persecution who are unable to demonstrate that it is more likely than not that they will be persecuted.
AS288 / Robert Rubin, (Assistant Director, Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area) April 27, 1993 "'Asylum and Inspection Reform"' Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 172 / / MS-VT95
Instead of diminishing the few rights that asylum applicants , have, let's address the real problem -delays in the system that allow for abuse, The problem is net a overly generous asylum standard that results in too many grants of asylum. The denial of the claims of 99% of Haitian and Guatemalan asylum seekers is a strong testament to that fact.
AS289 / Chris Sales, (Acting Commissioner of the INS) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 98 / / MS-VT95
Ms. SALE. That certainly has been our impression. Let me just, as a matter of example, tell you about the Office of Immigration Review where immigration judges have hearings on asylum for excludable aliens, for instance, if they skip us and go directly to the judge. Last year of 13,000 asylum cases that they scheduled or put on their docket, 7,000 were no-shows. That is essentially better than a 50-percent no-show rate. That would lead one to conclude that--well, it is not necessarily that every one of those was a liar. However it is hard to believe that something is not wrong with this system.
AS290 / Hon Romano L. Mazzoli (Rep. from Kentucky, and Chairman) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, p. 1. \\ ms-VT95
The asylum system is sick. The asylum system needs attention in the very worst way. One hundred thousand, roughly, new asylum cases are filed each year. Depending on whose view you use, anywhere from 200,000 to perhaps even 300,000 cases are pending at this point, at the end of fiscal 1992.
AS291 / Robert Rubin, (Assistant Director, Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 154 / / MS-VT95
The bump in 1992, Mr. Chairman, was due to the re-adjudications of approximately 50,000 cases, representing at least half of that 100,000 number, which was the result of litigation and a court order that recognized that for 10 years the INS had been unlawfully discriminating against Salvadorans and Guatemalans. The court ordered that those cases be readjudicated. That is where you get at least half of the 100,000. Now, we are so quick to call for reform, and punish the numbers of asylum-seekers who come in, for doing what? It is for pursuing a court ordered remedy that they had been discriminated against.
AS292 / Gene McNary, (Former Commissioner, INS) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee on International Law, immigration and refugees of the committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives p. 144 / / MS-VT95
Suddenly those entering the country illegally found it more difficult to obtain employment. With the guidance of the immigration bar and others, they discovered a way around the law through the routine application for asylum. The Service, s inability to meet the time limitations for asylum adjudication coupled with the mushrooming backlog of applications, created a near certainty that a work permit could be obtained through the mere filing of an asylum application. Thus, this artifice carried with it the added benefit of automatic work authorization.
AS293 / DAN STEIN, Executive Director Federation for American Immigration Reform, 1992; USA TODAY MAGAZINE, September, "Making sense of America's refugee policy" p. 14 \\ AGL-VT95
Political asylum has become a back door to illegal immigration. The intent of the law is to provide protection for tourists, diplomats, or others who come to the U. S. temporarily and, for unanticipated reason, can not return home safely. Until 1980. fewer than 5,000 people a year sought asylum in the U. S.
AS294 / James Popkin and Dorian Friedman staff writers June 21, 1993 "Return to Sender Please: Illegal Aliens Easily Scam the Nation's Lame Deportation System" U. S. . News and World Report / p. 32 / pkk-12 -VT95
Meanwhile, thousands of legitimate asylum applicants of-, ten languish for years, trapped in the same maddening process.
AS295 / CHRISTOPHER KAO staff writer The San Francisco Examiner March 30, 1994 HEADLINE: INS focuses on asylum applications ;Handling of cases to be sped up / / PKK-LN-VT95
"Asylum reform is needed because the existing system cannot keep pace with incoming applications and does not permit the expeditious removal of applicants whose claims are denied, " Doris Meissner, commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, said Tuesday.
AS296 / Tom Morganthau staff writer August 9, 1993 "America: Still a Melting Pot?" NEWSWEEK. p. 22. \\ pk-VT95
The asylum hustle is the newest wrinkle. By claiming political asylum, would-be immigrants circumvent the normal rules and, because the jails are full, are usually freed to stay and work. many simply vanish into the underground economy. "We didn't [expect] the asylum problem, " says Lawrence Fuchs. "We thought of it as the ballerina in the tutu saying, "I defect, I defect. "
AS-297 / LARS-ERIK NELSON, THE NEW YORK DAILY NEWS, JULY 24, 1993; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Visa System Freely Admits Terrorists, " Pg. B-10 / AGL-LN-VT95
Add to this flawed system some hilariously wrongheaded guidelines and practices. If an applicant -- like Sheik Abdel-Rahman -- shows up with around-trip ticket, he qualifies for a visitor's visa on the theory that he won't simply stay in the United States. But a round-trip ticket is often cheaper than a one-way ticket. It proves nothing.
AS298 / LARS-ERIK NELSON, of THE NEW YORK DAILY NEWS, JULY 24, 1993; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Visa System Freely Admits Terrorists, " Pg. B-10 / AGL-LN-VT95
No, it's not a CIA conspiracy gone astray, as many suspect; quite the opposite, it's bureaucratic bungling. Our spies are so busy spying that they pay little attention to their cover job, which is approving visas. Thus do America's greatest current security threats -- terrorists -- obtain visas literally under the noses of the CIA.
AS299 / Michael Hedges, STAFF WRITER, JULY 28, 1993; THE WASHINGTON TIMES, "Immigration Plan Seen As An Advance, " Pg. A8 / AGL-LN-VT95
"Alien smuggling" through New York's John F. Kennedy airport "has passed the crisis level, with hundreds of aliens with bogus documents or no documents at all arriving and claiming 'asylum, ' " wrote Benedict Ferro, INS district director in Rome, in cables to INS officials in the United States. "A disturbingly high percentage of people arriving by air with no legitimate documentation are people from areas where there is a terrorist environment, "said one overseas INS official. "The chances of stopping any terrorist from entering the U. S. right now are nearly zero. "
AS300 / Gene McNary, (Former Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service) March 30, 1993, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: a Mandate for Change'" Hearing before the Information, Justice, Transportation, and agriculture Subcommittee of the Committee On Government Operations, House of Representatives. p. 125 \\ MS-VT95
Proliferation of fraudulent documents has made it easy to board a plane, claim asylum upon entry into the United states, and abuse our laws and procedures because of overloaded detention facilities and court dockets.
AS301 / Michael Hedges, STAFF WRITER, JULY 28, 1993; THE WASHINGTON TIMES, "Immigration Plan Seen As An Advance, " Pg. A8 / AGL-LN-VT95
In recent months, more than a thousand people a month were being intercepted at JFK airport with fraudulent documents or no documents at all and immediately claiming political asylum. The proposed measures would allow for an expedited hearing in those cases.
AS 302 / Bill Turque, staff writer August 9, 1993 "Why our boarders are Out of Control" NEWSWEEK, p. 25. \\ PKK-VT95
The vast majority of visa abuse is virtually invisible. Unlike most countries, the United States has no formal departure controls. About 21 million people entered the country in 1992 on non immigrant entry permits. Upon arrival they're asked to supply a local address, which is rarely checked. When they leave, they are dropped off a departure card -- but even that isn't required.
AS303 / Richard J. Hankinson, (Inspector General of US Dept. of Justice) March 30, 1993, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: a Mandate for Change" Hearing before the Information, Justice, Transportation, and agriculture Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives p. 29 / / VT95
Virtually any employee can enter INS's automated data base and make changes in its alien record systems. Passwords are freely ex changed and rarely updated.
AS304 / THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS October 25, 1993, Pg. 10A HEADLINE: IMMIGRATION; SERIES: IMMIGRATION REFORM (L / N) / / MS-VT95
But even as we honor Lady Liberty, let us keep our feet on the ground. Let us remember, for example, that the book she holds in her right arm symbolizes the rule of law. In other words, let Lady Liberty symbolize immigration, but let her symbolize orderly and controlled immigration. The consequences of doing otherwise could be seen on Feb. 26 of this year, as belching smoke arose from the not-so-distant World Trade Center.
AS305 / L. PAUL BREMER III, FORMER AMBASSADOR-AT-LARGE FOR COUNTER TERRORISM IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF RONALD REAGAN AND NOW THE MANAGING DIRECTOR OF KISSINGER ASSOCIATES IN NEW YORK, JULY 4, 1993; THE HOUSTON CHRONICLE, "Under The Newest Gun Of Terrorism . . . " Pg. 1 / AGL-LN-VT95
Although in the 1990s we can expect state-sponsored terrorism to linger, a new form of decentralized, religion-motivated terrorism is evolving.
AS306 / Michael G. Lempres, (Former Executive Associate Commissioner for Operations, INS) April 27, 1993 "Asylum and Inspection Reform" Hearing: Subcommittee International Law, immigration and refugees of the House of Representatives committee on the Judiciary, / / MS -VT95
The threat Presented to this country is at least two fold. First, there is an immediate threat to the Physical security of American citizens. This threat is real. At least one o[ the people arrested for bombing the World Trade Center country by asking for asylum and not providing a single identifying document.
AS307 / JOHN DILLIN, STAFF WRITER, DECEMBER 17, 1993; THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, "Surge in Immigration to US Raises Public Anxiety, Spurs A Showdown in Congress, " THE U. S. ; Pg. 1 / AGL-VT95
The altered perception of immigrants began with the recent economic recession. Many Americans worried that immigrants were grabbing scarce jobs and forcing down wage rates. Also fueling US anxiety were a rash of violent acts involving recent immigrants, including the bombing of New York's World Trade Center. Cries for reform swept through Congress.
AS308 / Rep. Elton Gallegly (R) of California is a member of the House Judiciary Committee and its International Law, Immigration, and Refugee Subcommittee. April 6, 1993, HEADLINE: Illegal Immigration to US: a Crisis That Must Be Handled The Christian Science Monitor / / PKK-LN-VT95
In fact, it is safe to say that our borders are a revolving door for anyone who really wants to come here, including international terrorists. And while we have experienced relatively few incidents, we need to take tough, decisive steps now to reduce the many threats that this revolving door poses.
AS309 / GEORGIE ANNE GEYER, UNIVERSAL PRESS SYNDICATE, JUNE 29, 1993; THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS, "Ideology Drives Terrorists, " Pg. 11A / AGL-LN-VT95
We are seeing violently disaffected foreign groups now playing out their civil wars against their own governments on the streets and in the cellars of the developed world -- just as in the last century and the beginning of this one such ethnic warriors fought their wars on the boulevards of imperial Vienna. There is still one more link in these two terrorist extravaganzas, and that is illegal immigration. As we know, the blind fanatic Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman, the inspiration for both the Egyptians and Sudanese in New York and the assassination of Anwar Sadat, is in the United States illegally. Similarly, many of the Kurds in Germany are there illegally -- and some ironically took part in recent Turkish riots in Germany against German skinhead attacks on Turkish residents. What the United States in particular must wake up to is the new reality that, far from being protected from these terrorist events, it is now a target of them, and often for reasons rooted in situations elsewhere. The play has just begun.
AS310 / LARS-ERIK NELSON, THE NEW YORK DAILY NEWS, JULY 24, 1993; THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, "Visa System Freely Admits Terrorists, " Pg. B-10 / AGL-LN-VT95
You can get a visa even though you are a known terrorist -- so long as you haven't been convicted. The FBI requires the State Department to pay $5 per name in order to get access to criminal records of aliens who might be denied visas. State doesn't want to spend the money. Plus, the record system is antiquated. Arabic names can be spelled several different ways. The system is overwhelmed by visa applicants.