"Developing
a Shared Understanding..."
(Giangreco, et al., 1999).
The Additional Resources Listed Below Relate Directly to Statement #6
Paraeducators should have access to ongoing learning opportunities, in addition to their on-the-job experiences (e.g., workshops, courses, internet study) that promote their skill development in relevant areas (e.g., supporting students with challenging behaviors; approaches to literacy; use of technology; needs of students with low incidence disabilities) and have input into what training they need.
Non Data-Based Literature
Black, S. (2002, May). Not just helping hands. American School Board Journal, 189(5), 42-44. Summary Available
Blalock, G. (1991). Paraprofessionals: Critical team members in our special education programs. Intervention in School and Clinic, 36, 200-214. Summary Available
Blalock, G., Rivera, D., Anderson, K., & Kottler, B. (1992). A school district/university partnership in paraprofessional training. LD Forum, 17(3), 29-36. Summary Available
Bugaj, S.J. (2002). Improving the skills of special education paraprofessionals: A rural school district’s model for staff development. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 21(1), 16-24. Summary Available
Coufal, K.L., Steckelberg, A.L., & Vasa, S.F. (1991). Current trends in the training and utilization of paraprofessional in speech and language programs: A report on an eleven-state survey. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 22, 51-59. Summary Available
Fletcher-Campbell, F. (1992). How can we use an extra pair of hands? British Journal of Special Education, 19(4), 141-143. Summary Available
French, N., & Pickett, A. L. (1997). Paraprofessionals in special education: Issues for teacher educators. Teacher Education and SpecialEducation, 20(1), 61-73. Summary Available
Freschi, D.F. (March/April 1999). Guidelines for working with one to one aides.Teaching Exceptional Children, 31(4), 42-45. Summary Available
Harper, V. (1994). Multicultural perspectives in the classroom: Professional preparation for educational paraprofessionals. Action in Teacher Education, XVI(3), 66-78. Summary Available
Hilton, A., Gerlach, K., (1997). Employment, preparation and management of paraeducators: Challenges to appropriate service for students with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 32, 71-76. Summary Available
Johnson, M.M., Lasater, M.W., & Fitzgerald, M.M. (1997). Paraeducator: Not just an aide. Journal of Staff Development, 18(1), 6-11. Summary Available
Jones, K. H., & Bender, W. N. (1993). Utilization of paraprofessionals in special education: A review of the literature. Remedial and Special Education, 14, 7-14. Summary Available
Killoran, J., Templeman, T. P., Peters, J., & Udell, T. (2001). Identifying paraprofessional competencies for early intervention and early childhood special education. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34(1), 68-73 Summary Available
LeTendre, M.J. (1998). Paraprofessionals: A resource for tomorrow's teachers. Journal of Education for Students Placed At Risk, 3(2), 107-110. Summary Available
Martella, R.C., Marchand-Martella, N.E., Miller, T.L., Young, K.R., & Macfarlane, C.A. (1995). Teaching instructional aides and peer tutors to decrease problem behaviors in the classroom. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27(2), 53-56. Summary Available
Morgan, J., Ashbaker, B.Y., & Forbush,D. (2000, November/December). Special helpers. American School Board Journal, 187(1), 54-56. Summary Available
Parsons, M.B., & Reid, D.H. (March/April 1999). Training basic teaching skills to paraeducators of students with severe disabilities: A one day program. Teaching Exceptional Children, 31(4), 48- 54. Summary Available
Pickett, A. L.. & Gerlach, K. (Eds.). (1997). Supervising paraeducators in school settings: A team approach. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Summary Available
Potter, C.A. & Richardson, H.R. (1999). Facilitating classroom assistants' professional reflection through video workshops. British Journal of Special Education 26(1), 34-36. Summary Available
Steckelberg, A.L., & Vasa, S.F. (1998). How paraeducators learn on the web. Teaching Exceptional Children, 30(5), 54-59. Summary Available
Russotti, J. & Shaw, R. (2001). In-service training for teacher assistants and others who work with students with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95(8), 483-487. Summary Available
U.S Department of Education (1997). Roles of education paraprofessionals in effective schools: An idea book. Washington, DC: Author. Summary Available
Villegas, A.M., & Clewell, B.C. (1998). Increasing teacher diversity by tapping the paraprofessional pool. Theory Into Practice, 37(2), 121-130. Summary Available
French, N.K., and Cabell, E.A. (1993). Are community college programs for paraeducators feasible? Community College Journal of Reserach and Practice, 17(2), 131-140. Summary Available
Hadadian, A. & Yssel, N. (1998). Changing roles of paraeducators in early childhood special education. Infant-Toddler Intervention, 8(1), 1-9. Summary Available
Hall, L.J., & Macvean, M.L. (1997). Increases in the communicative behaviors of students with cerebral palsy as a result of feedback to, and the selection of goals by, paraprofessionals. Behaviour Change, 14(3), 174-184. Summary Available
Hall, L. J., McClannahan, L. E. & Kranz P. J. (1995). Promoting independence in integrated classrooms by teaching aides to use activity schedule and decreased prompts. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 30, 208-217. Summary Available
Hansen, D. (1997). Use of focus-group needs assessment for planning paraprofessional staff development in Iowa's education settings. Journal of Children's Communication Development, 18(1), 81-90. Summary Available
Morehouse, J.A., & Albright,L. (1991). The training trends and needs of paraprofessionals in transition service delivery agencies. Teacher Education and Special Education, 14(4), 248-256. Summary Available
Morgan, J., Ashbaker, B.Y., & Allred, D. (2000). Providing training for paraeducators: What motivates them to attend? The Researcher: A Publication of the Northern Rocky Mountain Educational Research Association 15(1), 50-55. Abstract and Summary Available
Riggs, C.G. (2001, January/February). Ask the paraprofessionals: What are your training needs? Teaching Exceptional Children, 33(3), 78-83. Summary Available
Backus, L. & CichoskiKelly, E. (2001). Supporting students with challenging behaviors: A paraeducator curriculum. (Instructor's and Participant's manuals). Stillwater, OK: National Clearinghouse of Rehabilitation Training Materials.
French, N. (1998). Paraprofessional Academy. Denver, CO: University of Colorado at Denver, Center for Collaborative Educational Leadership. Summary Available
Ghere, G., York-Barr, J, & Sommerness, J. (2002). Supporting students with disabilities in inclusive schools: A curriculum for job-embedded paraprofessional development. Minneapolis: Institute on Community Education (University of Minnesota). Summary Available
Ideas from the field were generated and put into practice by school teams who
used the the tool,
"A Guide to Schoolwide Planning for Paraeducator Supports"
Monthly Training Forums, Source: Founders Memorial School, Essex
Jct., VT, September, 2000
Challenger Middle School, Colorado Springs, CO, developed a web-site for paraeducators at http://mullerb.home.attbi.com/jamifinn/
Paraeducator and Supervisor Training Designed to Meet the Needs of Students with Disabilities in General Education Classrooms, Project Course Summaries
Paraeducator and Supervisor Training Designed to Meet the Needs of Students with Disabilities in General Education Classrooms, Summaries of Other Paraeducator Training Courses
A complete list of Selected Paraeducator References 1990 - 2003 with summaries is also available.
Last modified February 14 2008 11:20 AM
