The University of Vermont

Paraeducator Support

Paraeducator Support:

Additional Resources Re:

"Developing a Shared Understanding..."
(Giangreco, et al., 1999).

The Additional Resources Listed Below Relate Directly to Statement #24

Paraeducators should receive ongoing supervision and regular performance evaluations which are based on their job descriptions and apply clearly defined processes and procedures.

Non Data-Based Literature

Data-Based Literature

Training Materials

Ideas From the Field

Non Data-Based Literature

Benshoff, J.J., Eckert, J.M., Riggar, T.F., & Taylor, D.W. (1995). Parameters of paraprofessionalism: Exploring the myths and realities associated with paraprofessionals in rehabilitation settings. Journal of Rehabilitation Administration,19, 133-143. Summary Available

French, N.K. (1999). Topic #1 Paraeducators: Who are they and what do they do? Teaching Exceptional Children, 32(1), 65-69. Summary Available

French, N. (2002, September). Maximize paraprofessional services for students with learning disabilities. Interventions in Schools and Clinic, 38(1), 50-55. Summary Available

French, Nancy K. (2003). Managing paraeducators in your school: How to hire, train, and supervise non-certified staff. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press, Inc. Summary and Other Information Available

Glang, A., Gersten, R., Singer, G. (1990). Computer-assisted video instruction in training paraprofessionals to teach brain-damaged clients. Journal of Special Education Technology, 10(3), 137-46. Summary Available

Hilton, A., Gerlach, K., (1997). Employment, preparation and management of paraeducators: Challenges to appropriate service for students with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 32 71-76. Summary Available

Lasater, M. W., Johnson, M. M., and Fitzgerald, M. (2000). Completing the education mosaic: Paraeducator professional development options. Teaching Exceptional Children, 33(1), 46-51.
Summary Available

National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. (1999, March). Learning disabilities: Use of paraprofessionals. Asha, 41 (Suppl.19), 37-46. Summary Available also Available in its Entirety

Nittoli, J.M., & Giloth, R.P. (1997). New careers revisited: Paraprofessional job creation for low-income communities. Social Policy, 28(2), 44-61. Summary Available

Parsons, M.B., & Reid, D.H. (March/April 1999). Training basic teaching skills to paraeducators of students with severe disabilities: A one day program. Teaching Exceptional Children, 31(4), 48- 54. Summary Available

Pickett, A. L.. & Gerlach, K. (Eds.). (1997). Supervising paraeducators in school settings: A team approach. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Summary Available

Radaszewski-Byrne, M. (1997). Issues in the development of guidelines for the preparation and use of speech-language paraprofessionals and their SL supervisors working in education settings. Journal of Children's Communication Development, 18(1), 5-22. Summary Available

Rogan, P., & Held, M. (1999). Paraprofessionals in job coach roles. The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24(4), 272-279. Summary Available

Salzberg, C.L., & Morgan, J. (1995). Preparing teachers to work with paraeducators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 18(1), 49-55. Summary Available

U.S Department of Education (1997). Roles of education paraprofessionals in effective schools: An idea book. Washington, DC: Author. Summary Available

Data-Based Research

Wallace, T., Shin, J., Bartholomay, T., Stahl, B. (2001). Knowledge and skills for teachers supervising the work of paraprofessionals. Exceptional Children, 67, 520-533. Summary Available

Training Materials

Giangreco, M. F. (2001). Teacher leadership: Working with paraeducators. (Instructor's and Participant's manuals). Stillwater, OK: National Clearinghouse of Rehabilitation Training Materials. Resource Information

Ideas From the Field

Ideas from the field were generated and put into practice by school teams who used the the tool,
"A Guide to Schoolwide Planning for Paraeducator Supports"

  • Involve general education teachers in supervision and evaluation of special education paraeducators who work in their classrooms
  • Establish a clear "chain of command" for paraeducators
  • Develop a conflict resolution plan for all staff (staff-staff; staff-student)
  • Have general and special education teachers provide supervision and evaluation jointly
  • Use "Communication Styles" survey to identify most effective ways to exchange information with paraeducators
  • Create a paraeducator evaluation system

A complete list of Selected Paraeducator References 1990 - 2003 with summaries is also available.

Last modified February 14 2008 11:20 AM

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