The University of Vermont

Paraeducator Support

Paraeducator Support:

Additional Resources Re:

"Developing a Shared Understanding..."
(Giangreco, et al., 1999)

The Additional Resources Listed Below Relate Directly to Statement #16:

Paraeducators are expected to demonstrate constructive interpersonal skills with students and other team members (e.g., use respectful communication when speaking with or about others; maintain confidentiality; ensure dignity when providing personal care).

Non Data-Based Literature

Data-Based Literature

Training Materials

Ideas From the Field

Non Data-Based Literature

Carroll, D. (2001, November/December). Considering paraeducator training, roles, and responsibilities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34(2), 60-64. Summary Available

Demchak, M. A. & Morgan, C.R. (1998).  Effective collaboration between professionals and paraprofessionals.  Rural Special Education Quarterly, 17(1), 10-15.  Summary Available

Doyle, M. B. (2002). The paraprofessionals guide to the inclusive classroom: Working as a team. (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks.  Publisher's Summary and Order Form Available

Epanchin, B.C., & Wooley-Brown, C. (1993). A university-school district collaborative project for preparing paraprofessionals to become special educators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 16(2), 110-123. Summary Available

Fluery, M. L. (2000). Confidentiality issues with substitutes and paraeducators. Teaching Exceptional Children, 33(1), 44-45. Summary Available

Gerlach, K. (2001). Let's team up: A checklist for Paraeducators, Teachers, and Principals. Washington, DC: National Education Association of the United States. Summary Available

Hammeken, P.A. (1996). Inclusion: An essential guide for the paraprofessional. Minnetonka, MN: Peytral Publications. Summary Available

Kotkin, R. A. (1995). The Irvine paraprofessional program: Using paraprofessionals in serving students with ADHD. Intervention in School and Clinic, 30(4), 235-240. Summary Available

Miller, C., & Levack, N. (Eds.). (1997). A paraprofessional's handbook for working with students who are visually impaired. Austin: Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired.
Summary Available

Palladino, P., Cornoldi, C., Vianello, R., Scruggs, T. & Mastropieri (1999). Paraprofessionals in Italy: Perspectives from an inclusive country. The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24(4), 253-256. Summary Available

Palma, G. M. (1994). Toward a positive and effective teacher and paraprofessional relationship. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 13(4), 46-48. Summary Available

Skar, L. & Tamm, M. (2001). My assistant and I: Disabled children's and adolescents' roles and relationships to their assistants. Disability and Society, 16, 917-931. Summary Available

U.S Department of Education (1997). Roles of education paraprofessionals in effective schools: An idea book. Washington, DC: Author. Summary Available

Data-Based Research

Erwin, E. (1996). Meaningful participation in early childhood general education: Exploring the use of natural supports and adaptive strategies. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 90, 400-411. Summary Available

Kennedy, J.H. (1995). Teachers, student teachers, paraprofessionals, and young adults' judgments about the acceptable use of corporal punishment in the rural south. Education and Treatment of Children, 18(1), 53-64. Summary Available

Martella, R. C., Marchand-Martella, N. E., Macfarlane, C. A., Young, K. R. (1993). Improving classroom behavior of a student with severe disabilities via paraprofessional training. British Columbia Journal of Special Education, 17, 33-44. Summary Available

Reinoehl, R. B., & Halle, J. W. (1994). Increasing the assessment probe performance of teacher aides through written prompts. Journal of the Association for Persons with Sever Handicaps, 19, 32-42. Summary Available

Riggs, C.G. (2001, January/February). Ask the paraprofessionals: What are your training needs? Teaching Exceptional Children, 33(3), 78-83. Summary Available

Rose, R. (2000). Using classroom support in the primary school: A single case study. British Journal of Special Education, 27(4), 191-196. Summary Available

Storey, K., Smith, D. J., & Strain, P. S. (1993). Use of classroom assistants and peer-mediated intervention to increase integration in preschool settings. Exceptionality, 4, 1-16. Summary Available

Training Materials

None Available at This Time

Ideas From the Field

Ideas from the field were generated and put into practice by school teams who used the the tool,
"A Guide to Schoolwide Planning for Paraeducator Supports"

A complete list of Selected Paraeducator References 1990 - 2003 with summaries is also available.

Last modified February 14 2008 11:20 AM

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