"Developing a Shared Understanding..."
(Giangreco, et al., 1999)
The Additional Resources Listed Below Relate Directly to Statement #12:
In most circumstances it is advisable to assign paraeducators to classrooms or instructional programs rather than to an individual student. In the rare cases when a paraeducator is needed for an individual student, efforts should be made to ensure that paraeducators provide supportive, rather than primary or exclusive, services.
Non Data-Based Literature
Data-Based Literature
Training Materials
Ideas From the Field
Freschi, D.F. (March/April 1999). Guidelines for working with one to one aides. Teaching Exceptional Children, 31(4), 42-45. Summary Available
Giangreco, M.F., Broer, S.M., & Edelman, S.W. (2001). Teacher engagement with students with disabilities: Differences based on paraprofessional service delivery models. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 26, 75-86. Summary Available
Hemmingsson, H., Borell, L., & Gustavsson, A. (2003). Participation in school: School assistants creating opportunities and obstacles for pupils with disabilities. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 23(3), 88-98. Summary Available
Jerwood, L. (1999). Using special needs assistants effectively. British Journal of Special Education, 26(3), 127-129. Summary Available
Kotkin, R. A. (1995). The Irvine paraprofessional program: Using paraprofessionals in serving students with ADHD. Intervention in School and Clinic, 30(4), 235-240. Summary Available
Tweit-Hull, T., Villalobos, P., & York, C. (2001). The paraprofessional's role in inclusive classrooms [Video and manual]. Sacramento: California Department of Education. Summary Available.
Cremin, H., Thomas, G., & Vincett, K. (2003). Learning zones: An evaluation of three models for improving learning through teacher/teaching assistant teamwork. Support for Learning, 18(4), 154-164. Summary Available
Erwin, E. (1996). Meaningful participation in early childhood general education: Exploring the use of natural supports and adaptive strategies. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 90, 400-411. Summary Available
French, Nancy K. (1998). Working together: Resource teachers and paraeducators. Remedial and Special Education, 19, 357-368. Summary Available
Giangreco, M. F., Edelman, S. W.., Luiselli, T. E. & MacFarland, S. Z. C. (1997). Helping or Hovering? Effects of instructional assistant proximity on students with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 64, 7-18. Summary Available
Tweit-Hull, T., Villalobos., & York, C. (2001). The paraprofessional's role in inclusive classrooms [Video and manual]. Sacramento: California Department of Education. Summary Available
None Available at This Time
A complete list of Selected Paraeducator References 1990 - 2001 with summaries is also available.
Last modified February 14 2008 11:20 AM
