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Articles for Families and Teams

The articles listed below provide a variety of approaches and suggestions. The Continence project does not recommend any one approach. These articles may in some cases present divergent approaches. They are provided for your reference and with the belief that what works for some children will not work for others. This selection is a good representation of the available literature. You are encouraged to explore these articles and select the information and approaches that fit each family and child.

General Articles

• Toilet Learning by Karen DeBoard, PhD
  http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/fcs/pdfs/fcs472.pdf

• Tips for Toilet Training Children with Disabilities by Diane Peters , M.Ed.
  http://www.specialneedsnurse.org/page23.html

• Toilet training problems: Underachievers, refusers, and stool holders by Barton D. Schmitt, MD
  http://www.rogerknapp.com/medical/pottytrainingrefusals.htm

• Potty Training Children with Special Needs by Vincent Iannelli
  http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/parentingadvice/a/sp_needs_potty.htm
• Talk About Potty Training
  This brochure provides a good getting started guide for parents and providers for toilet training children with special needs. From Talk about getting ready for potty training: a parents guide - PDF download.

Encopresis and Constipation

• Encopresis
  What is encopresis? University of Virginia
  http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_digest/encopres.cfm


• Functional Constipation and Soiling in Children.
  University of Michigan Health Systems
  http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/guides/encopre.htm


• When the Going Gets Tough, Constipation, encopresis and your child,
  www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/cdd/multiple/centerlines/CL_winter_2004.pdf


• Childhood Constipation, Kids Constipation, Childrens Constipation
  http://www.childhoodconstipation.com
  This is an excellent resource on constipation, physiology and treatment for both parents and providers.

Autism

• TEACCH: Applying Structured Teaching Principles to Toilet Training by Susan Boswell and Debbie Gray UNC Department of Psychiatry
  http://www.teacch.com/toilet.html

• Toilet Training by Gary J. Heffner
  www.bbbautism.com/pdf/article_25_ toilet_training.pdf

• Links to Other Internet Resources , Neurodiversity.com
  http://www.neurodiversity.com/toilet_training.html

Spina Bifida

Fact Sheets

• Toilet Training the Child with Spina Bifida
  http://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/site/c.liKWL7PLLrF/b.2700297/k.9AF5/Toilet_Training.htm
• Transitioning Urological Care
  http://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/site/c.liKWL7PLLrF/b.2700299/k.A604/Transitioning_Urologic_Care.htm
• Urologic Care and Management
  http://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/site/c.liKWL7PLLrF/b.2700305/k.C07F/Urologic_Care_and_Management.htm

Downs Syndrome

• Toilet Training Made Semi Easy by Kent Moreno
  http://www.ds-health.com/train.htm

Cerebral Palsy

• Toilet Training a Child with Special Needs , by Claire Keeler
  http://www.rifton.com/resources/articles/fieldissues/toilettraining.html
  (The continence project does not endorse or promote the use of any brand name products)

• Teaching a Basic Function: Exploring several techniques to use when toilet training children with cerebral palsy. By Ginny Paleg, PT
  http://www.rehabpub.com/issues/articles/2006-08_02.asp

Fragile X

• Toilet Training Children With Fragile X Syndrome An Overview and Guide
  http://www.fragilex.org/PagesfromFQ_DEC_2005.pdf

Enuresis

• Effectiveness of Treatments for Nocturnal Enuresis in a Heterogeneous Population by Seth L. Schulman, MD (abstract)
  http://cpj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/6/359

Visual Supports

( Coming soon )

Last modified May 15 2009 10:05 AM