The following list of references include summaries of data-based and non data-based literature related to paraprofessionals (1990-2009). The summaries include descriptive information provided by the authors (or members of our research team), and therefore, are not intended to be reviews or critiques. We hope these summaries support your inquiries and lead you to further understanding of the important role paraeducators serve in the education of students. We have also posted links to the complete (full-text) sources for cases in which we have obtained written permission.
For additional information, please see Recent Dissertation Abstracts on Paraeducator Topics. If you would like to suggest additional resources to be included on this page or a dissertation to be included on the Recent Dissertation Abstracts page, please contact Michael F. Giangreco.
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Carter, E. W., O’Rourke, L., Sisco, L., & Pelsue, D. (2009). Knowledge, responsibilities, and training needs of paraprofessionals in elementary and secondary schools. Remedial and Special Education, 30, 344-359. DOI: 10.1177/0741932508324399 Abstract Available
Carter, E. W., & Pesko, M. J. (in press). Social validity of peer interaction intervention strategies in high school classrooms: Effectiveness, feasibility, and actual use. Exceptionality. Abstract Available
Giangreco, M. F., Broer, S. M., & Suter, J. C. (in press). Guidelines for selecting alternatives to overreliance on paraprofessionals: Field-testing in inclusion-oriented schools. Remedial and Special Education.
Giangreco, M. F. (in press). One-to-one paraprofessionals for students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms: Is conventional wisdom wrong? Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities.
Giangreco, M. F., Suter, J. C., & Doyle, M. B. (in press). Paraprofessionals in inclusive schools: A review of recent research. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation.
Angelides, P, Constantinou, C, & Leigh, J. (2009). The role of paraprofessionals in developing inclusive education in Cyprus. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 24(1), 75-89.
Byers-Kirsch, J. (2009, March). Idaho's design for paraeducator effectiveness. The School Administrator, 66(3), 40-41. Full Text PDF available.
Carnahan, C. R., Williamson, P., Clarke, L., & Sorensen, R. (2009). A systematic approach for supporting paraeducators in educational settings: A guide for teachers. Teaching Exceptional Children, 41(5), 34-43.
Causton-Theoharis, J. N. (2009). The golden rule of providing support in inclusive classrooms: Support others as you would wish to be supported. Teaching Exceptional Children, 42(2), 36-43.
Causton-Theoharis, J. (2009). The paraprofessional's handbook for effective support in inclusive classrooms. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes. Publisher's information Available
Egilson, S.T., & Traustadottir, R. (2009). Assistance to pupils with physical disabilities in regular schools: Promoting inclusion or creating dependency?
Giangreco, M. F. (2009). Critical issues brief: Concerns about the proliferation of one-to-one paraprofessionals. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children, Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities. Available online at http://www.dddcec.org/positionpapers.htm
Giangreco, M. F., Hurley, S. M., & Suter, J.C. (2009). Personnel utilization and general class placement of students with disabilities: Ranges and ratios. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 47(1), 53-56. Full Text PDF available. Posted with permission of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities www.aaidd.org
Hammeken, P. (2009). The paraprofessional's essential guide to inclusive education (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Liston, A. G., Nevin, A., & Malian, I. (2009). What do paraeducators in inclusive classrooms say about their work? Analysis of national survey data and follow-up interviews in California. TEACHING Exceptional Children Plus, 5(5), Article 1. Retrieved June 30, 2009 from http://escholarship.bc.edu/education/tecplus/vol5/iss5/art1
Nevin, A., Villa, R. A., & Thousand, J. S. (2009). A guide to co-teaching with paraeducators: Practical tips for K-12 educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Suter, J. C., & Giangreco, M. F. (2009). Numbers that count: Exploring special education and paraprofessional service delivery in inclusion-oriented schools. Journal of Special Education, 43(2), 81-93. doi: 10.1177/0022466907313353
Available at http://online.sagepub.com/.
Veck, W. (2009). From an exclusionary to an inclusive understanding of educational difficulties and educational space: Implications for the learning support assistant's role. Oxford Review of Education, 35(1), 41-56.
Bolton, J., & Mayer, M. D. (2008). Promoting the generalization of paraprofessional discrete trial teaching skills. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 23 (2), 103-111.
Causton-Theoharis, J. & Burdick, C. (2008). Paraprofessionals: Gatekeepers to authentic art production. Studies in Art Education, 49(3), 167-182. Available in full text pdf online.
Conroy, P. W. (2008). Paraprofessionals and students with visual impairments: Potential pitfalls and solutions. Re:View, 39(2), 43-55.
Doyle, M. B. (2008). The paraprofessional's guide to the inclusive classroom: Working as a team (3rd ed.) Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. http://www.brookespublishing.com/store/books/doyle-69247/index.htm
Harvey, S., Richards, H., & Stacey, K. (2008). ESOL paraprofessionals and English language learners: Working toward sustainable practices (Paper Code: HAR08812). Paper presented at the Australian Association of Educational Research 2008 International Research Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane. Available online at: http://www.aare.edu.au/08pap/har08812.pdf
Full text pdf posted with permission.
Hauerwas, L. B., & Goessling, D. P. (2008). Who are the interventionists? Guidelines for paraeducators in RTI. TEACHING Exceptional Children Plus, 4(3) Article 4. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://escholarship.bc.edu/education/tecplus/vol4/iss3/art4
Hughes, M. T. & Valle-Riestra, D. M. (2008). Responsibilities, preparedness, and job satisfaction of paraprofessionals: Working with young children with disabilities. International Journal of Early Years Education, 16 (2), 163-173. Abstract available online here.
McKenzie, A. R. & Lewis, S. (2008). The role and training of paraprofessionals who work with students who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 102, 459-471.
Tews, L., & Lupart, J. (2008). Student with disabilities' perspectives of the role and impact of paraprofessionals in inclusive education settings. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 5(1), 39-46.
Click here to return to the top of the list.A.C. & M.C. v. Board of Education of the Chappaqua Central School, No. NYSD:6-CV-04238, U.S. Dist. (April 27, 2007).
Abbate-Vaughn, J. (2007). Paraprofessionals left behind? Urban paraprofessionals' beliefs about their work in the midst of NCLB. Journal of Poverty, 11(4),k 143-164.
Bessette K. K., Wills H. P. (2007). An example of an elementary school paraprofessional-implemented functional analysis and intervention. Behavioral Disorders, 32 (3), 192-210.
Bingham, M.A., Spooner, F., & Browder, D. (2007). Training paraeducators to promote the use of augmentative and alternative communication by students with significant disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 42(3), 339-352.
Blacher, J. (2007). Holding on to their kitestrings: Paraprofessional support in inclusive settings. Exceptional Parent, 37(10), 74-76.
Carter, E. W., Sisco, L. G., Melekoglu, M. A., & Kurkowski, C. (2007). Peer supports as an alternative to individually assigned paraprofessionals in inclusive high school classrooms. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 32(4), 1-15.
Causton-Theoharis, J., Giangreco, M.F., Doyle, M.B., & Vadasy, P.F. (2007). Paraprofessionals: The "sous chefs" of literacy instruction. Teaching Exceptional Children 40(1), 56-62. Full text pdf available here. Posted with permission of the Council for Exceptional Children, www.cec.sped.org.
Cobb, C. (2007). Training paraprofessionals to effectively work with all students. The Reading Teacher, 60 (7), 686-689.
Davis, RW, Kotecki, J.E., Harvey, M.W. (2007). Responsibilities and training needs of paraprofessionals in physical education. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 24(1), 70-83.
Deardorff, P., Glasenapp, G., Schalock. M., & Udell, T. (2007). TAPS: An innovative professional development program for paraeducators in early childhood special education. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 26(3), 3-15.
Ghere, G., & York-Barr, J. (2007). Paraprofessional turnover and retention in inclusive programs: Hidden costs and promising practices. Remedial and Special Education, 28(1), 21-32.
Giangreco, M.F., Broer, S.M. (2007). School-based screening to determine overreliance on paraprofessionals. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22(3), 149-158. Full text pdf available. Posted with permission from Hammill Institute on Disabilities.
Giangreco, M.F., & Doyle, M.B. (2007). Teacher assistants in inclusive schools. In L. Florian (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of special education (pp. 429-439). London: Sage. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with the Permission of SAGE Publications, www.sagepub.com.
Hampden-Thompson, G., Diehl, J., & Kinukawa, A. (2007). Description and employment criteria of instructional paraprofessionals (No. NCES 2007-008). Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics. Full Text Available from NCES website.
Howard, R. & Ford, J. (2007). The roles and responsibilities of teacher aides supporting students with special needs in secondary school settings. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 31(1), 25-43.
Keller, C.L., Bucholz, J., & Brady, M.P. (2007). Yes, I can! Empowering paraprofessionals to teach learning strategies. Teaching Exceptional Children, 39(3), 18-23.
Lane, K.L., Fletcher, T., Carter, E., Dejud, & Delorenzo, J. (2007). Paraprofessional-led phonological awareness training with youngsters at-risk for reading and behavioral concerns. Remedial and Special Education, 28 (5), 266-276.
Lieberman, L. J. (2007). Paraeducators in physical education: A training guide to roles and responsibilities. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics. Publisher's page.
Lytle, R., Lieberman, L., & Aiello, R. (2007). Motivating paraeducators to be actively involved in physical education programs. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 78(4), 26-30.
Pickett, A.L., Gerlach, K., Morgan, R., Likins, M., & Wallace, T. (2007). Paraeducators in schools: Strengthening the educational team . Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. http://www.proedinc.com/customer/productView.aspx?ID=3972
Quilty, K. M. (2007). Teaching paraprofessionals how to write and implement social stories for students with Autism spectrum disorders. Remedial and Special Education, 28,, 182-189.
Steckelberg, A.L., Vasa, S.F., Kemp, S.E., Arthaud, T.J., Asselin, S.B., Swain, K., & Fennick, E. (2007). A web-based training model for preparing teachers to supervise paraeducators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 30(1), 52-55.
Takala, M. (2007). The work of classroom assistants in special and mainstream education in Finland. British Journal of Special Education, 34(1), 50-57.
Vadasy, P.F., Sanders, E.A., & Tudor, S. (2007). Effectiveness of paraeducator-supplemented individual instruction: Beyond basic decoding skills. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40(6), 508-525. Summary by Author Available
Click here to return to the top of the list.Appl, D. (2006). First-year early childhood special education teachers and their assistants: "Teaching along with her." Teaching Exceptional Children. 38, 34-40.
Ashbaker, B. Y., & Morgan J. (2006). Paraprofessionals in the classroom. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Publisher's Page for this Book.
Carter, E.W. & Hughes, Carolyn (2006). Including high school students with severe disabilities in general education classes: Perspectives of general and special educators, paraprofessionals, and administrators. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 31, 174-185.
Giangreco, M.F., Smith, C.S., Pinckney, E. (2006). Addressing the paraprofessional dilemma in an inclusive school: A program description. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 31(3). 215-229. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of TASH, www.tash.org.
Hauge, J.M. & Babkie, A.M. (2006). Develop collaborative special educator-paraprofessional teams: One para’s view. Intervention in School and Clinic, 42 (1), 51 – 53.
Logan, A., (2006). The role of the special needs assistant supporting pupils with special educational needs in Irish mainstream primary schools. Support for Learning, 21(2), 92-99.
Malmgren, K.W., & Causton-Theoharis, J.N. (2006). Boy in the bubble: Effects of paraprofessional proximity and other pedagogical decisions on the interactions of a student with behavior disorders. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 20(4), 301-312. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the Association for Childhood Education International, www.acei.org.
Patterson, K.B. (2006). Roles and responsibilities of paraprofessionals: In their own words. TEACHING Exceptional Children Plus, 2(5), Article 1. Retrieved on October 2, 2007 from http://escholarship.bc.edu/education/tecplus/vol2/iss5/art1
Schenker, R., Coster, W., & Parush, S. (2006) Personal assistance, adaptations, and participation in students with cerebral palsy mainstreamed in elementary schools. Disability and Rehabilitation, 28, 1061-1069.
Tobin, R. (2006). Five ways to facilitate the teacher assistant's work in the classroom. TEACHING Exceptional Children Plus, 2(6), Article 4. Retrieved on October 9, 2008 from http://escholarship.bc.edu/education/tecplus/vol2/iss6/art4/
Vadasy, P.F., Sanders, E.A., & Peyton, J.A. (2006). Code-oriented instruction for kindergarten students at risk for reading difficulties: A randomized field trial with paraeducator implementers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 508-528. Summary by Author Available
Vadasy, P.F., Sanders, E.A., & Peyton, J.A. (2006). Paraeducator-supplemented instruction in structural analysis with text reading practice for second and third graders at risk for reading problems. Remedial and Special Education, 27(6), 365-378. Summary by Author Available
Walter, U. M. Petr, C. G. (2006). Lessons from the research on paraprofessionals for attendant care in children's mental health. Community Mental Health Journal, 42(5), 459-475.
Click here to return to the top of the list.Baber, A. (2005). Instructional Paraprofessional Statistics and Trends: Paraprofessional database research navigator. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of Denver: Education Commission of the States, www.ecs.org.
Broer, S. M., Doyle, M. B., & Giangreco, M. F. (2005) Perspectives of students with intellectual disabilities about their experiences with paraprofessional support. Exceptional Children, 71(4), 415-430. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the Council for Exceptional Children www.cec.sped.org
Carter, E. W., Cushing, L. S., Clark, N. M., & Kennedy, C. H. (2005). Effects of peer support interventions on students’ access to the general curriculum and social interactions. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 30(1), 15-25. Abstract Available or Full Text PDF Available. Posted with permission of TASH, www.tash.org.
Causton-Theoharis, J.N., & Malmgren, K.W. (2005). Building bridges: Strategies to help paraprofessionals promote peer interactions. Teaching Exceptional Children, 37(6), 18-24. Summary by Authors or Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the Council for Exeptional Children, www.cec.sped.org.
Causton-Theoharis, J. N., & Malmgren, K. W. (2005). Increasing interactions between students with severe disabilities and their peers via paraprofessional training. Exceptional Children, 71(4), 431-444. Abstract Available or Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the Council for Exeptional Children, www.cec.sped.org..
Cremin, H., Thomas, G., & Vincett, K. (2005). Working with teaching assistants: Three models evaluated. Research Papers in Education, 20(4), 413-432.
Devlin, P. (2005). Effect of continuous improvement training on student
interaction and engagement. Research and Practice for Persons
with Severe Disabilities, 30(2), 47-59. Full
Text Available in PDF format. This article is posted with the
permission of TASH, for more information go to www.tash.org
Etscheidt, S. (2005). Paraprofessional services for students with
disabilities: A legal analysis of issues. Research and
Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 30(2), 60-80.
Full Text Avaialable in PDF Format. This article is posted
with the permission of TASH, for more information go to www.tash.org
Forster, E.M., & Holbrook, M. C. (2005). Implications
of paraprofessional supports for students with visual impairments. Re:View:
Rehabilitation and Education for Blindness and Visual Impairment, 36(4),
155-163.
Gerschel, L. (2005). The special educational needs coordinator's role
in managing teaching assistants: The Greenwich experience. Support
for Learning: British Journal of Learning Support, 20(2),
69-76.
Giangreco, M.F., Yuan, S., McKenzie, B., Cameron, P., & Fialka, J. (2005). "Be careful what you wish for…": Five reasons to be concerned about the assignment of individual paraprofessionals. Teaching Exceptional Children, 37(5), 28-34. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the Council for Exceptional Children www.cec.sped.org
Giangreco, M. F. & Broer, S. M. (2005). Questionable utilization of paraprofessionals in inclusive schools: Are we addressing symptoms or causes? Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 20(1), 10-26. Abstract Available or Full Text Available in PDF Format Posted with Permission of Pro-Ed, Inc., www.proedinc.com.
Granger, J. D. and Grek, M. (2005). Struggling readers stretch their skills: Project maximizes use of paraprofessionals to teach reading. Journal of Staff Development, 26(3), 32-36.
Jolly, A. and Evans, S. (2005). Teacher assistants move to the front of the class: Job-embedded learning pays off in student achievement. Journal of Staff Development, 26(3), 8-13.
Lewis, C.K. (2005). Seen but not heard: ESEA and instructional aides in elementary education. Review of Research in Education, 29, 131-149.
Leblanc, M.P., Ricciardi, J.N., & Luiselli, J.K. (2005). Improving discrete trial instruction by paraprofessional staff through an abbreviated performance feedback intervention. Education & Treatment of Children, 28(1), 76-82.
Malmgren, K.W., Causton-Theoharis, J.N., & Trezek, B.J. (2005). Increasing peer interactions for students with behavioral disorders via paraprofessional training. Behavioral Disorders, 31(1), 95-106.
Piletic, C., Davis, R., & Aschemeier, A. (2005). Paraeducators in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 76(5), 47-55.
Vadasy, P.F., Sanders, E.A., & Peyton, J.A. (2005). Contributions of reading practice to first-grade supplemental tutoring: How text matters. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 364-380. Summary by Author Available
Wall, S., Davis, K. L., Winkler Crowley, A. L., & White, L. L. (2005). The urban paraprofessional goes to college. Remedial and Special Education 26(3), 183-190. Summary Available
Zabel, T. A., Gray, R. M., Gardner, J., & Ackerman, J.
(2005). Use of school-based one-to-one aides for children following
traumatic brain injury: A proposed practice model. Physical
Disabilities: Education and Related Services 24(1), 5-22. Summary
Available.
Allen, M., & Ashbaker, B. Y. (2004). Strengthening schools: Involving paraprofessionals in crisis prevention and intervention. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39(3), 139-146.
Ashbaker, B.Y., & Morgan, J. (Spring 2004). Legal
issues relating to school paraprofessionals. A Legal
Memorandum: Quarterly Law Topics for School Leaders (pp.
1-7). Reston, VA: National Association of Secondary School Principals.
(ISSN 0192-6152) Full
Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the
National Association of Secondary School Principals, www.principals.org.
Bernal, C., & Aragon, L. (2004). Critical factors affecting the success of paraprofessionals in the first two years of career ladder projects in Colorado. Remedial and Special Education, 25(4), 205-213. Summary Available
Chopra, R. V., & French, N. K. (2004). Paraeducator relationships with parents of students with significant disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 25(4), 240-251. Summary Available
Chopra, R. V., Sandoval-Lucero, E., Aragon, L., Bernal, C., de Balderas, H., & Carroll, D. (2004). The paraprofessional role of connector. Remedial and Special Education, 25(4), 219-231. Summary Available
Council for Exceptional Children (2004). The CEC paraeducator standards workbook. Alexandria, VA: Author. CEC Link
Giangreco, M.F., & Doyle, M.B. (2004). Directing paraprofessional work. In C. Kennedy & E. Horn (Eds.), Including students with severe disabilities, (pp. 185-204). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of Allyn & Bacon, www.ablongman.com
Giangreco, M.F., Halvorsen, A., Doyle, M.B., & Broer, S.M. (2004). Alternatives to overreliance on paraprofessionals in inclusive schools. Journal of Special Education Leadership, 17(2), 82-90. Full Text Available in PDF Format Posted with Permission of the Council for Exceptional Children, http://casecec.org.
Griffin-Shirley, N. & Matlock, D. (2004). Paraprofessionals speak out: A survey. Re:View: Rehabilitation and Education in Blindness and Visual Impairments, 36(3), 127-136.
Linn-Marr Community School District and Grant Wood Area Education Agency (AEA 10) (2004). 41 IDELR 24.
New Brunswick Association for Community Living. (July 2004). Position paper on the roles and responsibilities of teacher assistants within an inclusive education system. Link for NBACL Website.
Riggs, C. G. (May/June 2004). To teachers: What paraeducators want you to know. Teaching Exceptional Children, 36(5), 8-12. Summary Available
Trautman, M. L. (2004). Preparing and managing paraprofessionals. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39(3), 131-138.
Wallace, T. (2004). Paraprofessionals in schools. Journal of Special Education Leadership, 17 (1), 46-61.
Werts, M. G., Harris, S., Tillery, C. Y., & Roark. (2004). What parents tell us about paraeducators. Remedial and Special Education, 25(4), 232-239. Summary Available
White, R. (2004). The recruitment of paraeducators into the special education profession: A review of progress, select evaluations outcomes, and new intiatives. Remedial and Special Education, 25(4), 214-218. Abstract Available
Click here to return to the top of the list.Guay, D. (2003). Paraeducators in the art classrooms: Issues of culture, leadership and special needs. Studies in Art Education, 45(1), 20-39.
Click here to return to the top of the list.Cremin, H., Thomas, G., & Vincett, K. (2003). Learning zones: An evaluation of three models for improving learning through teacher/teaching assistant teamwork. Support for Learning, 18(4), 154-164. Summary Available
Cushing, L. S., Clark, N., Carter, E. W., & Kennedy, C. H. (2003). Peer supports and access to the general education curriculum. TASH Connections, 29(10), 8-11. Full Text Available in PDF Format. This article is posted with the permission of TASH, for more information go to www.tash.org
French, N. K. (2003). Managing paraeducators in your school: How to hire, train, and supervise non-certified staff. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press, Inc. Summary and Other Information Available
French, N. K. (2003). Paraeducators in special education programs. Focus on Exceptional Children, 36(2), 1-16. Summary Available
Ghere, G. & York-Barr, J. (2003). Employing, developing, and directing special education paraprofessionals in inclusive education programs: Findings from a multi-site case study. Minneapolis, MN: Institute on Community Integration (UCEDD) & Department of Educational Policy and Administration, University of Minnesota. Abstract & Ordering Information Available. Full text version is available online: http://ici.umn.edu/products/spedpara/titlepage.html
Giangreco, M. F. (2003). Working with paraprofessionals. Educational Leadership, 61(2), 50-53. Full Text Available in PDF Format Posted with Permission of the author (copyright holder).
Giangreco, M.F., Backus, L., CichoskiKelly, E., Sherman, P., & Mavropoulos, Y. (2003). Paraeducator training materials to facilitate inclusive education: Initial field-test data. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 22(1), 17-27. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with Permission. For more information about the Rural Special Education Quarterly, see the ACRES web site at http://www.acres-sped.org/publications/
Giangreco, M.F., & Broer, S.M. (March/April 2003). The paraprofessional conundrum: Why we need alternative support strategies. TASH Connections Newsletter, 29(3/4), 22-23. Full Text Available in PDF Format Posted with permission of TASH, www.tash.org.
Giangreco, M. F., Edelman, S. W., & Broer, S. M. (2003). Schoolwide planning to improve paraeducator supports. Exceptional Children, 70(1), 63-79. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Reprinted with permission of the Council for Exceptional Children www.cec.sped.org
Hemmingsson, H., Borell, L., & Gustavsson, A. (2003). Participation in school: School assistants creating opportunities and obstacles for pupils with disabilities. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 23(3), 88-98. Summary Available
Hill, C. (2003) The role of instructional assistants in
regular classrooms: Are they influencing inclusive practices? Alberta
Journal of Educational Research, 49(1), 98-100. Summary
Available
Lawlor, L., & Cregan, A. (2003). The evolving role of the
special needs assistant: Towards a new synergy. REACH Journal
of Special Needs Education in Ireland, 16(2), 82-93.
Likins, M. (2003). NCLB implications for paraprofessionals. Principal Leadership, 3(5), 10-13.
Miller, S. D. (2003). Partners-in-reading: Using classroom assistants to provide tutorial assistance to struggling first-grade readers. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 8(3), 333-349. Abstract Available
Mueller, P.H. (2003). Building capacity to attract, train,
support and retain paraeducators. Williston, VT: Northeast Regional
Resource Center. Full
Text Available in PDF Format Posted with permission of NERRC.
Pickett, A.L., & Gerlach, K. (2003). Supervising
paraeducators in school settings: A team approach. (2nd ed.)
Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Publisher's
Summary and Ordering Information
Pickett, A. L., Likins, M., & Wallace, T. (2003). The employment and preparation of paraeducators. New York: National Resource Center for Paraprofessionals in Education Related Services. A pdf of this document is available on line at: Full text available in PDF format. Posted with permission of the National Resource Center for Paraprofessionals.
Robertson, K, Chamberlain, B., Kasari, C. (2003). General education teachers' relationship with included students with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(2), 123-130. Summary Available
Schepis, M.M., Reid, D.H., Ownbey, J., & Clary, C. (2003). Training preschool staff to promote cooperative participation among young children with severe disabilities and their classmates. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 28, 37-41.
Tillery, C. Y., Werts, M. G., Roark, R., & Harris, S. (2003). Perceptions of paraeducators on job retention. Teacher Education and Special Education, 26(2), 118-127. Abstract Available
Wallace, T. (2003). Paraprofessionals. (COPSSE Document No. IB-3). Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Center on Personnel Studies in Special Education. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of COPSSE.
Click here to return to the top of the list.
Balshaw, M., & Farrell, P. (2002). Teacher
assistants: Practical strategies for effective classroom support.
London: David Fulton.
Summary Available / Click
here for link to publisher
Black, S. (2002, May). Not just helping hands. American School Board Journal, 189(5), 42-44. Summary Available
Bugaj, S.J. (2002). Improving the skills of special education paraprofessionals: A rural school district’s model for staff development. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 21(1), 16-24. Summary Available
Campbell, M. (2002). Paraprofessionals rise to the challenge. Nation at risk? American Teacher, 87 (8), 18.
Doyle, M.B. (2002). The paraprofessionals guide to the inclusive classroom: Working as a team. (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes. Publisher's Summary and Order Form Available
French, N. K. (2002). 20 ways to maximize paraprofessional services for students with learning disabilities. Intervention in Schools and Clinic, 38(1), 50-55. Summary Available
Ghere, G., York-Barr, J., & Sommerness, J. (2002). Supporting students with disabilities in inclusive schools: A curriculum for job-embedded paraprofessional development. Minneapolis: Institute on Community Education (University of Minnesota). Summary Available
Giangreco, M.F., Broer, S.M., & Edelman, S.W. (2002). Schoolwide planning to improve paraeducator supports: A pilot study. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 21(1), 3-15. Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with Permission. For more information about the Rural Special Education Quarterly, see the ACRES web site at http://www.acres-sped.org/publications/
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McDonnell, J., Johnson, J. W., Polychronis, S., & Risen, T. (2002). Effects of embedded instruction on students with moderate disabilities enrolled in general education classes. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities,37(4), 363-377. ERIC Abstract Available
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Mueller, P.H. (2002). The paraeducator paradox. Exceptional Parent, 32(9), 64-67. Summary Available for Related Full Text Version from NERCC click here
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Riggs, Cathryn G. (2002). Providing administrative support for classroom paraeducators: What’s a building administrator to do? Rural Special Education Quarterly 21(3), 10-14. Summary Available
Vadasy, P.F., Sanders, E.A., Jenkins, J.R., & Peyton, J.A. (2002). Timing and intensity of tutoring: A closer look at the conditions for effective early literacy tutoring. Learning Disabilities: Research and Practice, 17(4), 227-241. Summary by Author Available
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Beale, E. W. (2001). Analysis of state standards for paraprofessionals.
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Bernstorf, E. D. (2001). Paraprofessionals in music settings. Music Educators Journal, 87(4), 36-40. Summary Available
Carroll, D. (2001, November/December). Considering paraeducator training, roles, and responsibilities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34(2), 60-64. Summary Available
Daniels, V.I. & McBride, A. (2001). Paraeducators as critical team members: Redefining roles and responsibilities. NASSP Bulletin, 85(623), 66-74. Summary Available
French, Nancy K. (2001). Supervising paraprofessionals: A survey of teacher practices. The Journal of Special Education 35, 41-53. Summary Available
Gerber, S.B., Finn, J.D., Achilles, C.M., Boyd-Zaharias, J. (2001). Teacher aides and students' academic achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,23(2), 123-143. Abstract from Article
Gerlach, K. (2001). Let's team up: A checklist for paraeducators, teachers, and principals. Washington, DC: National Education Association of the United States. Summary Available
Giangreco, M.F., Broer, S.M., & Edelman, S.W. (2001). Teacher engagement with students with disabilities: Differences based on paraprofessional service delivery models. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 26, 75-86. Summary Available and Full Text Available in PDF Format. This article is posted with the permission of TASH, for more information go to www.tash.org
Giangreco, M.F., Edelman, S.W., & Broer, S.M. (2001). Respect, appreciation, and acknowledgement of paraprofessionals who support students with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 67, 485-498.Summary Available and Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the Council for Exceptional Children www.cec.sped.org
Giangreco, M.F., Edelman, S.W., Broer, S.M., & Doyle, M.B. (2001). Paraprofessional support of students with disabilities: Literature from the past decade. Exceptional Children, 68, 45-63 Abstract Available and Full Text Available in PDF Format. Posted with permission of the Council for Exceptional Children www.cec.sped.org
IDEA Partnerships (December, 2001). IDEA partnerships paraprofessional initiative: Report to the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children - ASPIIRE. Full text available on line
Killoran, J., Templeman, T. P., Peters, J., & Udell, T. (2001) Identifying paraprofessional competencies for early intervention and early childhood special education. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34(1), 68-73. Summary Available
Lacey, P. (2001). The role of learning support assistants in the inclusive learning of pupils with severe and profound learning difficulties. Educational Review, 53(2), 157-167. Summary Available
Logan, A. (2001). Collaboration between teachers and special needs assistants in mainstream primary schools. REACH Journal of Special Needs Education in Ireland, 15(1), 33-42. Summary Available
McNally, R. D., Cole, P.G., Waugh, R. F. (2001). Regular teachers' attitudes to the need for additional classroom support for the inclusion of students with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 26, 257-273.
Minondo, S., Meyer, L.H., & Xin, J.F. (2001). The role and responsibilities of teaching assistants in inclusive education: What's appropriate. The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 26,(2) 114-119. Summary Available and Full Text Available in PDF Format. This article is posted with the permission of TASH, for more information go to www.tash.org
Morgan, J., & Ashbaker, B.Y. (2001). A teacher's guide to working with paraeducators and other classroom aides. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Content Information Available
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Mueller, P.H., & Murphy, F.V. (2001). Determining when a student requires paraeducator support. Teaching Exceptional Children, 33(6), 22-27.
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Riggs, C. G., & Mueller, P.H. (2001). Employment and utilization of paraeducators in inclusive settings. Journal of Special Education 35(1), 54-62. Abstract and Summary Available
Russotti, J. & Rona, S. (2001). In-service training for teacher assistants and others who work with students with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95(8), 483-487. Summary Available
Schepis, M. M., Reid, D. H., Ownbey, J., & Parsons, M. B. (2001). Training support staff to embed teaching within natural routines of young children with disabilities in an inclusive preschool. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34, 313-327.
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Wallace, T., Shin, J., Bartholomay, T., Stahl, B. (2001). Knowledge and skills for teachers supervising the work of paraprofessionals. Exceptional Children, 67, 520-533. Summary Available
Werts, M.G., Zigmond, N., & Leeper, D.C. (2001) Paraprofessional proximity and academic engagement: Students with disabilities in primary aged classrooms. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 36(4). 424-440. Summary Available
Click here to return to the top of the list.Allred, D. M., Morgan, J., & Ashbaker, B. Y. (2000). Available but not accessed: Resources to enhance paraeducators’ skills and knowledge. Theories and Practices in Supervision and Curriculum 11, 68-63. Summary Available
Ashbaker, B.& Morgan, J. (2000, January). Bilingual paraeducators: What we can learn from Rosa. NASSP Bulletin, 84(612), 53-56. Summary Available
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Drecktrah, M.E. (2000, Spring). Preservice teachers' preparation to work with paraeducators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 12(2), 157-164. Summary Available
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French, N. K. (2000). Topic #3: Taking time to save time: Delegating to paraeducators. Teaching Exceptional Children, 32(3), 79-83. AskERIC Abstract Available
Jenkins, J.R., Vadasy, P.F., Firebaugh, M., & Profilet, C. (2000). Tutoring first-grade struggling readers in phonological reading skills. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 15, 75-84.
Katsiyannis, A., Hodge, J., & Lanford, A. (2000). Paraeducators: legal and practice considerations. Remedial and Special Education, 21(5), 297-304. Summary Available
Lasater, M. W., Johnson, M. M., & Fitzgerald, M.
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O'Shaughnessy, T. E., & Swanson, L. (2000). A comparison of two
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Singh, P. (2000). Local and official forms of symbolic control: An Australian case study of the pedagogic work of para-educational personnel. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(1), 3-21. Summary Available
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French, N.K. (1999). Topic #1 Paraeducators: Who are they and what do they do? Teaching Exceptional Children, 32(1), 65-69. Summary Available
French, N. K. (1999). Topic #2 Paraeducators and teachers: Shifting roles. Teaching Exceptional Children, 32(2), 69-73. Summary Available
French, N.K., & Chopra, R. (1999). Parent perspectives on the roles of paraprofessionals. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24(4), 259-272. Summary Available and Full Text Available in PDF Format. This article is posted with the permission of TASH, for more information go to www.tash.org
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Marks, S.U., Schrader, C., & Levine, M. (1999).
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Palladino, P., Cornoldi, C., Vianello, R., Scruggs, T. & Mastropieri (1999). Paraprofessionals in Italy: Perspectives from an inclusive country. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24(4), 254-258. Summary Available and Full Text Available in PDF Format. This article is posted with the permission of TASH, for more information go to www.tash.org
Parsons, M.B., & Reid, D.H. (1999). Training basic teaching skills to paraeducators of students with severe disabilities: A one-day program. Teaching Exceptional Children, 31(4), 48-55. Summary Available
Pickett, A. L. (1999). Strengthening and supporting
teacher/provider-paraeducator teams: Guidelines for paraeducator roles,
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Potter, C.A. & Richardson, H.R. (1999). Facilitating classroom
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Rueda, R. & DeNeve, C. (1999). How paraeducators build cultural bridges in diverse classrooms. Reaching Today's Youth: The Community Caring Journal, vol. 3(2), 53-55. Summary Available
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Ernsperger, L.A. (1998, Summer). Using a paraeducator to facilitate school reentry. Reaching Today’s Youth: Community Circle of Caring Journal, 2(4), 9-12. Summary Available
French, N. K. (1998). Paraprofessional Academy. Denver, CO: University of Colorado at Denver, Center for Collaborative Educational Leadership. Summary Available
French, N. K. (1998). Working together: Resource teachers and paraeducators. Remedial and Special Education, 19, 357-368. Summary Available
Hadadian, A., & Yssel, N. (1998). Changing roles of paraeducators in early childhood special education. Infant-Toddler Intervention, 8(1), 1-9. Summary Available
Kotkin, R. (1998). The Irvine paraprofessional program: Promising practice for serving students with ADHD. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(6), 556-564.
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Morgan, J., Ashbaker, B.Y., & Forbush, D. (1998). Strengthening the teaching team: Teachers and para-professionals build their team power. Support for Learning (British Journal of Learning Support), 13(3), 115-117.
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Villegas, A.M., & Clewell, B.C. (1998). Increasing teacher diversity by tapping the paraprofessional pool. Theory Into Practice, 37(2), 121-130. Summary Available
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Hall, L.J., & Macvean, M.L. (1997). Increases in the communicative behaviors of students with cerebral palsy as a result of feedback to, and the selection of goals by, paraprofessionals. Behaviour Change, 14(3), 174-184. Summary Available
Hansen, D. (1997). Use of focus-group needs assessment for planning paraprofessional staff development in Iowa's education settings. Journal of Children's Communication Development, 18(1), 81-90. Summary Available
Hilton, A., & Gerlach, K. (1997). Employment, preparation and management of paraeducators: Challenges to appropriate services for students with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 32, 71-77. Summary Available
Johnson, M.M., Lasater, M.W., & Fitzgerald, M.M. (1997). Paraeducator: Not just an aide. Journal of Staff Development, 18(1), 6-11. Summary Available
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Pickett, A.L., & Gerlach, K. (1997). Supervising paraeducators in school settings: A team approach. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Summary Available
Radaszewski-Byrne, M. (1997). Issues in the development of guidelines for the preparation and use of speech-language paraprofessionals and their SL supervisors working in education settings. Journal of Children's Communication Development, 18(1), 5-22. Summary Available
U.S. Department of Education (1997). Roles for education paraprofessionals in effective schools: An idea book. Washington, DC: Author. Summary Available
Vadasy, P.F., Jenkins, J.R., Antil, L. R., Wayne, S.K., & O'Connor, R. E. (1997). The effectiveness of one-to-one tutoring by community tutors for at-risk beginning readers. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 20, 126-139. Summary by Author Available
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Young, B., Simpson, R., Smith Myles, B., and Kamps, D.M. (1997). An examination of paraprofessional involvement in supporting students with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 12(1), 31-38, 48. Summary Available
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Hammeken, P.A. (1996). Inclusion: An essential guide for the
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Wadsworth, D. E., Knight, D. (1996). Paraprofessionals: The bridge to successful full inclusion. Intervention in School and Clinic, 31(3), 166-171. Summary Available
Werts, M G., Wolery, M., Snyder, E., & Caldwell, N. (1996). Teachers' perceptions of the supports critical to the success of inclusion programs. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 21(1), 9-21. Summary Available
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Hall, L.J., McClannahan, L.E., & Krantz, P.J. (1995). Promoting independence in integrated classrooms by teaching aides to use activity schedules and decreased prompts. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 30, 208-217. Summary Available
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Palma, G. M. (1994). Toward a positive and effective teacher and paraprofessional relationship. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 13(4), 46-48. Summary Available
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Reinoehl, R.B., & Halle, J.W. (1994). Increasing the assessment probe performance of teacher aides through written prompts. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 19, 32-42. Summary Available
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Clayton, T. (1993). From domestic helper to "assistant teacher": the changing role of the British classroom assistant. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 8(1), 32-44. Summary Available
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French, N.K., & Cabell, E.A. (1993). Are community college programs for paraeducators feasible? Community College Journal of Reserach and Practice, 17(2), 131-140. Summary Available
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