HTML FAQ's

Other Internet terms and definitions

Preparing Text and Images for the WWW

FILE FORMATS

there are several different types of file formats which allow documents created in one program to be read or opened by another program

Photoshop

Photoshop has its own format. It supports layers and alpha channels

TIFF

Tagged Image File Format

a common format for saving a bit-mapped image.

It can be color separted and contains color management profiles

It is used in page layout applications such as QuarkXPress or PageMaker

EPS

Ecapsulated Postscript

conatins postscript code and and includes an optional TIFF or PICT that is used for screen display

Provides the bestt quality for output in illustration programs likeAdobe Illustrator, Freehand or Painter as well as Adobe PageMaker and QuarkXPress

Postscript

is a page description language

• Photoshop is a bit map program
• Illustrator and QarkXPress are vector programs

File Formats that can be seen by browsers

JPEG
• Joint Photographic Experts Group
• 24 bit color
• This format is NOT good for type or flat areas of color
• Employs acompression method that decreases file size by destroying some of the original data. The bigger the file the better the quality of the image
• Baseline Standard: minimalizes the amount of data lost during compression
• or Baseline Optimize: optimizes image quality during compression
• Progresive: allows for the file will be displayed in several passes more detail each time.

GIF
• is an 8-bit color file format allows for the file to be rendered with 256 colors
• colors not included in the pallete will be simulated by ditering
• Dithering is a display technique that intermixes color pixels to simulate other colors.
• Use the adapative pallete so that photoshop determines the 256 colors that best represent ther image

PNG
• 24 bit color images ofers better compression with a different set of compression filters.

  Transparet GIF

  convert file to index mode, then use export gif 89aexport

  Notes about file sizes

  • a file size of 50K traveling at 28.8 kbps with a half second per kiolbyte download will take about 30 sec to download.

  • scan image at 150-300 ppi then downsample, changing resolution to either 96ppi or 72ppi
  

  Color on the WWW

  web safe pallete
  • Consits of 216 colors that are similar platform to platform ( they are seen the same on mac ands pc)
  • The web pallete recognizes 6 shades of green, 6 shades of red and 6 shades of blue
  • 6x6x6x=216 colors

  colors on the web

  are known by a hexadecimal numbering system that uses a base of 16 as opposed to a base 10 system
  so a hexadecimal system uses 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
  you can caculate the hexadecimal equivalent of your color or use any of these handy tools

  color helpers

  To calculate the colors hex

  take the first numeric value of your color and divide it by 16

  For example: 203 divided by 16 = 12 with a remainder of 11.

  This remainder (11) becomes the next value (or second digit)

  So 12 = C and the hex value of 11= B

  So 203 has a hex equivalent of CB

  decimal colors

  range from 0-255

  a color that is 51-51-255 translates as a red value of 51

  a green value of 51

  and a blue value of 255 ftp://ftp.amug.org./pub/mirrors/info-mac/sci/calc/caculator-ii-15.hqx mediarama's color helpers page builder www.inquuisitor.com/hex.html www.univox.com/rgb2hex.html

  web safe pallete
  To prepare graphics for the web
  1. Flatten image in photoshop
  2. Save as GIF or JPEG.
  3. To save as a GIF
  4. go to image
  5. mode
  6. index color
  7. use adaptive pallette
  8. compuserve GIF or
  9. Export
  10. GIF 89a export
• Save this file into the documents folder Do not use more than nine charaters, no spaces or numeric charaters.

  To create a HTML page

  1. Save first page as index.html (use any word processing program or simpletext) why html convention : because most servers configured to display a specific file called index.html
  2. Http: (hypertext transfer protocol) www. uvm.edu ( server name)/~username this is the path that leads to your index.html file. The default file.
  3. Our server uses the UNIX platform so we can acess it through telnet or clicking on the zoo icon (pine is an application that runs on the unix platform. Pico is an editing application that comes with pine that runs on UNIX. To do operations in UNIX we must TYPE in commands. We can also access our account through the MAC APPLICATION called FETCH

• html
• head
• title

Then add

body text ect is the page’s overall default (You can use webcolor to define colors place their hexdeximal numbers here.)

If you se WebColor v2.0, generate html and then copy the text eg< BODY TEXT = “#000000”LINK = “#0000FF” VLINK = “#52188C”ALINK = “#FF0000” BGCOLOR = "#D0D0D0 >

to use an image as the backgound use tag “body bkgnd=“name of image.gif” >

body

starts your content

you can also control font, color, and size by indicating locally <font size=2 /font>

<img src

=“your picture’s name.jpg”> is a command to the browser.

It says display this image.

Src is an attribute of image other attributes must go inside the tag

some tags contain specific information

Tags like <H2 must be enclosed > to complete its definition

to create a link

< a href= your destination> ( another url or another page)

then place the item that causes the link(the label) and close the tag

for example: <a href “Http://www.uvm.edu/~artclass” > syllabus </a>

• a= anchor
• href=url

Reading

A Cyborg Manifesto: Science,
Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century
( Read to page 161 stopping at the section “The informatics of domination”
then begin reading again on page 173 starting at “ cyborgs myth of political identity”)
by Donna Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women Routledge, 1991