University of Vermont – Environmental Program
Fall
2007 Course Syllabus
ENVS 295
(Course #92368)
The Culture of Nature:
Advanced Seminar in
Cultural Studies of Nature, Environment, & Ecology
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INSTRUCTOR Dr. Adrian Ivakhiv OFFICE Bittersweet House, 153 South Prospect Street CONSULTATION
TIMES Tues. 2:30-5:00 pm (for
appointments please call Sue Bean at 656-4055).
Other times by appointment with A.I. CONTACT
INFO Tel: (802) 656-0180; E-mail: Adrian.Ivakhiv@uvm.edu Please
always specify ‘ENVS 295’ in Subject line of e-mails SECRETARY Sue Bean, Environmental Program, tel: 656-4055 CLASS
MEETINGS Thursdays 3:30-6:30
pm, Terrill 319 |
COURSE
DESCRIPTION
This course
will offer an advanced introduction to current issues and debates at the
intersection of environmental thought and cultural studies. The field of
cultural studies – which studies the ways in which popular culture, media, the
creative arts, and other forms of cultural activity interact with
sociopolitical, economic, and technological developments – will be explored in
terms of its potentials to address and contribute to the understanding of
environmental issues and practices. We will study culture and cultural
practices as both the medium through which and the terrain within which different ideas about people and nature, and
different social and ecological relations, are articulated and contested.
Through
readings, discussion, and media viewing and analysis, we will explore and
examine how ideas about nature and environmental issues are framed and
represented by various media; how these images and representations are used and
contested by different cultural communities; the ways in which environmental
ideas circulate between the mass media and popular and alternative cultures in
North America (and the world) today; the relationship between culture and
‘environmental identity’ at local, regional, national, and transnational scales;
and possibilities for cultivating a ‘greener’ environmental culture in our
lives and in the world at large.
Rationale and themes
Many
environmental theorists and activists believe that the ecological crisis cannot
be effectively addressed through strictly technical measures, because they are
intertwined within a crisis of politics and/or of values and worldview. In
other words, the ecological crisis is not merely a scientific fact to be solved
through ‘technological fixes,’ but it is more importantly a cultural fact: it is conceived,
imagined, and discussed through cultural practices, and our responses to
the crisis are enabled as well as constrained by our cultural means of
imagining and interpreting our relationship to nature.
The
development of critical social and
cultural theory in the last
few decades, especially within the field of cultural studies, has provided an array of theoretical and
analytical tools for understanding the ways cultural meanings circulate within
modern society – i.e., the ways peoples’ understandings of the world are shaped
by institutions, political-economic relations, changing cultural and
technological forms, and everyday life practices. With its in-depth focus on
popular and alternative cultures and subcultures, dominant or hegemonic
cultural formations, and evolving media technologies, cultural studies has been
especially concerned with understanding the workings of culture in relation to
social and political struggles, and with enhancing the possibilities for social
and cultural change. The burgeoning sub-field of critical cultural policy
studies has addressed the ways in which cultural production and the
globalizing media environment are controlled and managed in different local,
national, and international settings. The related fields of cultural geography, cultural anthropology, and cultural sociology
have also featured a deepening concern with cultural practices, issues of
representation, identity and difference, and more recently with questions of
social space, globalization, and the environment.
Bringing
these cultural perspectives to bear on environmental issues means seeing
environmental problems as imbued with relations of power (between social
groups as well as between humans and non-human organisms), as intimately
entangled within individual, collective (ethnic, national, et al), and
place-based (local and regional) forms of identity, and as communicated
and mediated through images, narratives, and mythic and iconic
representations, all of which are expressed within a complex and
increasingly globalized media universe. It means asking such questions as:
§ How
is ‘nature’ (the nonhuman, the environment, ecology, etc.) perceived,
interpreted, and represented?
§ What’s
at stake in these perceptions and representations, and for whom?
§ How
(and why) do these perceptions/representations change over time, and how do
such changes enable or constrain the possibilities for ecological politics
today?
This
course will present an advanced introduction to environmental cultural
studies. It will focus on the ways in which our ideas about nature,
environment, and ecology, and our practices in relation to the non-human world,
are mediated, shaped, negotiated and contested through cultural technologies
and practices, including the mass media, the internet, literary as well as
sound and visual cultures, and so on. It will introduce students to some of the
major concepts and methods in cultural studies, including ideas of
ideology, political economy, hegemony, identity construction, framing, and
semiotic and ethnographic methods for analyzing texts and studying their
cultural reception. We will refer to perspectives within environmental
thought and philosophy; the course will assume some (though not extensive)
knowledge of these from students, though additional readings will be provided
for those who feel underprepared in this arena.
Specific
topics to be looked at in the course may include:
§ visual
imagery in environmental communication, including in promotion and
consciousness-raising around environmental causes (such as the wilderness
preservation movement of the 19th century, the environmental
movement of the 1960s and 1970s, the marketing of ‘green’ products, and so on);
§ images
of nature, wilderness, and animals, in visual art (including landscape painting
and photography), political discourse, product marketing, childrens’ culture,
theme parks and tourism, and in debates over technological developments such as
genetic engineering;
§ rhetorical
strategies and the framing of environmental issues and portrayal of
environmental activists in the print media, television, documentary and feature
films;
§ the
use of electronic media (including video and the internet) and performance
(theatre, dance, puppetry, ritual) by activists, in movements such as ‘culture jamming,’
Reclaim the Streets, and anti-corporate globalization protests;
§ recent
ecocentric and socio-ecological developments in the visual arts (including
Earth and ecological art), music (e.g., soundscape art), and theatre and
performance art;
§ utopian
and dystopian (or ecotopian and eco-apocalyptic) environmental imagery in
literature and cinema.
In addition to reading and class
participation, there will be two main ‘outputs’ expected of students in this
course. The first will be an in-depth critical analysis of a cultural
event, product, exhibition, object, or environmental organization or campaign.
The second will be an individual or group project involving either some
form of cultural production (using any form of creative media) or the
development of policy recommendations or alternatives addressing the task of
developing more environmentally sensitive forms of cultural communication.
Depending on the size of the class, the organization of a collective
exhibition, publication, or web site of these projects may be a possibility.
There will also be a class trip to the conference “Nature Matters: Materiality
and the More-than-Human in Cultural Studies of the Environment,” to take place
October 25-28 in Toronto, Canada.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1. The course will introduce students to the growing
area of environmental cultural studies, understood in context of the
development of the interdisciplinary fields of cultural studies and
environmental studies.
2. The course will introduce conceptual and analytical
tools useful for understanding contemporary cultural activities and processes
through an ‘environmental lens,’ and provide opportunities for students to use
these tools in analyses of cultural phenomena (and/or in production of
communicative or creative media objects).
3. The course is especially aimed at upper-level
undergraduate and graduate students who are considering thesis work involving
cultural analysis or cultural production; students with an environmental focus
who are considering work in the arts, literary, communication, media, or
cultural policy fields; and students in the cultural or communication fields
who are interested in applying their skills to environmental themes. For all
these students, the course aims to provide a forum for the development and refinement
of ideas, methods, and activities.
COURSE READING
Required reading
A
course reader is available for purchase by students from Susan Bean at the
Bittersweet (corner of S. Prospect and Main) for a price of $17.00; please
bring exact change or a check. Additional readings may be made available
electronically. Sections of the following will also be required, with the
remainder strongly recommended; both are at the UVM bookstore.
1.
William Cronon, ed. Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature.
W. W. Norton, 1995.
2.
Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American
Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez. Toronto: Between the
Lines, 1991.
Recommended background reading (available
at bookstore and/or library reserve)
1.
John R. Gold and George Revill. Representing the Environment. London and New York:
Routledge, 2004.
2.
Robert Cox, Environmental
Communication and the Public Sphere. London: Sage, 2006.
3.
Julia B. Corbett, Communicating
Nature: How We Create and Understand Environmental Messages. Island Press,
2006.
See below for further suggestions by individual topics.
ASSESSMENT
Students will be evaluated on the
following three sets of activities:
1. Attendance
& participation (30%)
The course will take a seminar format, and
readings and class discussions will be of primary importance to the success of
the class. Students are expected to attend all classes and to do all required
readings in preparation for their discussion in class. Three to five students
per week will be expected to prepare a brief (1-2 paragraph) written
response to readings which they will share in class (or circulate a day in
advance) to initiate discussion of those readings. These responses should shed
interesting insight onto the readings, e.g., by bringing them into dialogue
with other perspectives studied in the course, by incorporating background
information on the author or context in which the reading was written, its
historical impact, and so on. Note that some of the readings are written in an
academic and technical language and may require careful study. These written
responses should be handed in to the instructor for grading (as part of the
participation grade) at the end of class for which they were prepared.
You are encouraged to keep a journal of
unfamiliar terms and to look these up in a dictionary of cultural or critical
theory or to bring these up in class for clarification. You are also encouraged
to bring in ‘found objects’ such as advertisements or photographs that
illustrate themes from the course (see Uncommon Ground for examples of
these).
Students are expected to participate in
class discussions in an informed and respectful manner which contributes to the
collective ‘thinking through’ of the issues raised. If a student cannot make it
to a class, they should notify the instructor ahead of time; those who miss
more than two classes without a valid medical or emergency reason will
automatically fail the course.
2. Assignment #1 - Critical analysis paper
& presentation (40%)
Each student will be expected to complete
a research paper or report critically analyzing a cultural or media product,
environmental advocacy group or campaign, or other form of environmental
communication, based on the critical approaches studied in the course, and to
make a brief classroom report based on it. (This can be done either singly or
in groups, according to topics. Group work will carry length and depth
requirements that vary accordingly; see below.) This will consist of the following:
i. One-page proposal (due October 4,
worth 5%): This should outline the object of your
analysis, your specific method(s) of analysis, a rationale for choosing this
method in relation to your object, and possible outcomes.
ii. Paper (due November 1, worth 30%):
These should be written in a scholarly format, with a complete bibliography,
and should consist of the following sections:
(a) Brief introduction
stating the topic and thesis (no more than one paragraph).
(b) Description of the
object, product, organization, campaign or ‘site,’ providing some historical
background where necessary (no more than 2-3 paragraphs).
(c) In-depth analysis of the object. This should refer to the
different moments within its ‘cultural circuit’ – i.e., its production (and
production context), distribution, consumption, and so forth – and should
reflect on the relative ‘success’ or ‘failure’ of the product, campaign, or
practice in communicating an environmental message, generating enhanced
environmental awareness, or bringing about social or environmental change.
(This should be the longest section of the paper. We will discuss the ‘cultural
circuit’ idea in class.)
(d) Brief conclusion
summarizing your evaluation of your topic as a form of environmental
communication (normally one paragraph).
(e) Full bibliography of
all sources, in APA, MLA, Chicago style or another academically recognized
style. It is expected that several sources will come from course readings or
from the extended course bibliography.
(f) (optional) Appendix, including any
materials used (e.g., photographs, notes from public meetings, ad scripts,
audio materials, etc.).
Suggested
length:
If you are working individually, your paper should be about 1500-2000 words, or
about 5-7 pages in length, typed, 1.5-spaced, in Times New Roman 12-point or
comparably sized font. If working in a group, the length and depth of analysis
should vary accordingly, i.e., for 2 students 2500-3500 words; for 3 students, 3500-4500
words. But quality should always take precedence over quantity.
iii.
Brief class presentation (early November,
worth 5%). You will be expected to briefly (no
more than 5 minutes) present the results of your analysis. Since your time will
be limited, it is expected that you will convey information using visuals, such
as a handout, poster, or brief Power Point presentation.
3. Assignment
#2 (30%) - Choice of the following options:
3a. Group
project & presentation
Students will undertake a project in
groups of two to four students. The intent of the project will be three-fold:
(1) to create some form of ‘environmentally communicative’ cultural or media
product, (2) to reflect on what and how it communicates its message and
to evaluate its success, (3) to present it in some form to the class. Possible
media include text (e.g., a short story, an essay for a popular magazine, an
op-ed piece for a newspaper), film or video, photography, website, audio work
(such as a radio program), art or media installation, theatrical performance,
etc.
A one- to two-page proposal
outlining the group members, objectives, methods, and rationale will be due by
or before November 8. Class presentations
will be scheduled for the final three classes. A final report of 500-800 words
(details to be provided) will be due on December
10.
OR
3b. Individual
paper/project
This alternative option should build on
a student’s critical analysis paper (see above) in the direction of proactive
cultural production or theory: e.g., a policy paper outlining recommendations
(for instance, to an organization or local or national body with power to carry
our the recommendations) on a topic critically analyzed in the earlier paper; a
theoretical or philosophical paper in which the student develops an alternative
to a situation analyzed in the critical analysis paper; or a creative work involving
text and/or another medium (see list of media in 3a). In the case of the
latter, the creative piece should include an introduction and self-reflection
no less than 600 words in length contextualizing the work within the themes of
the course and providing a rationale for it within those themes. It is strongly
suggested that this paper build on the analysis presented in Assignment #1
(but, of course, variations may be entertained).
A one-page proposal outlining the
form or format and objectives will be due on November 15. The paper or
project will be due on December 10.
OR
3c. Comparative
book/author analysis (for graduate credit only)
Students will be required to choose at
least two or three books from the list of Supplementary Readings below (or
others approved in advance by the course director) and to write a 1200-1500
page (typewritten, 1-1/2 or double-spaced) comparative review analyzing these
sources and outlining their usefulness for understanding contemporary culture
from an environmental perspective (or understanding ‘environmental culture’
through the lens of cultural studies). In addition, a 10-20 page selection from
the readings should be chosen for sharing with students along with the review.
Depending on time constraints and appropriateness of the topics, some of these
may be chosen for class reading in one of the final weeks of the course or may be
shared on-line. Students should write a one- to two-paragraph introduction to
the reading selection, as if it were being presented in an edited collection of
‘key readings in environmental cultural studies.’ Students are responsible for
photocopying the selection(s) and for uploading the introduction onto the class
website/blog.
A one-paragraph proposal
outlining the topic will be due on November 15. Reading selections and
introductory comments should be submitted before November 29. The final paper is due on December 10.
SCHEDULE OF TOPICS, READINGS & ACTIVITIES
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August 30 INTRODUCTION & COURSE OVERVIEW Introduction to cultural
studies as field and practice: studying the production, reproduction, and
circulation of cultural meanings in contemporary society. Relationship of
cultural studies to anthropology, sociology, literary studies, media studies.
Introduction to environmental
thought. Environmental communication; ecocriticism; environmental cultural
studies. |
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September 6 NATURE – AS SCIENCE, IDEOLOGY, &
CULTURE What is nature? How do we know
what we know about nature, and who ‘speaks for’ it? Does (or should) science
have a privileged relationship to nature compared to other ways of knowing
(e.g., art, myth, religion, poetry, traditional/rural knowledge &
livelihood, etc.) and, if so, why? Is the idea of nature a universal idea or
a culturally and historically specific (modern Western) ‘social construct’?
What is the opposite of nature: culture? artifice? technology? humanity? How has the idea of nature been
used historically to make distinctions between species, people, genders,
races, classes? E.g., are women/indigenous people/non-Europeans/peasants/et
al. ‘closer to nature’ than white European men, and what does this imply for
decision-making? What is the debate over the
‘social construction of nature’? Reading Cronon, Uncommon Ground: “Introduction: In
Search of Nature”, pp. 23-56. Williams, Raymond. “Ideas of Nature,” in Problems in
Materialism and Culture (Verso, 1980), pp. 67-85. Wilson, Culture of Nature: “Introduction”, pp. 11-17. Supplementary J. D. Proctor, Concepts of nature, environmental/ecological. International Encyclopedia of the Social
and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 15, ed. N. Smelser and P. Bates,
10400-10406. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. http://www.lclark.edu/~jproctor/pdf/ISEBS2001.pdf
Wilson, The Culture of Nature: “Nature education and promotion”
(ch. 2). Raymond Williams,
"Nature," Keywords, Rev. ed. London: Oxford U. Press, 1985,
219-224. Cronon, Uncommon Ground: A. Spirn,
“Constructing nature: The legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted”; J. D. Proctor,
“Whose nature? The contested moral terrain of ancient forests”; C. Merchant,
‘Reinventing Eden: Western culture as a recovery narrative.’ J. D. Proctor, “The social construction of nature: Relativist
accusations, pragmatist and critical realist responses,” Annals of the
Association of American Geographers 88 (3), 1998, 352-376. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0004-5608(199809)88%3A3%3C352%3ATSCONR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P
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September 13 NATURE, LANDSCAPE, MEMORY: ENVIRONMENT
& COLLECTIVE IDENTITY Broadening
(historically, cross-culturally) the context of environmental cultural
studies. What is the relationship between nature/landscape/place and
identity? How have societies shaped their collective identities in relation
to the natural world? What is the role of work and livelihood in the
constitution of place-based identities? How have nature and landscape been
mythicized as sacred, homeland, heartland, pilgrimage site, and how have
these become tools for struggles over land and identity? Is Western
culture inherently nature-phobic, or does it have its own myths of rootedness
in place and landscape (as Schama argues)? How are
place-based identities changing in today’s globalizing world? What is the
place of ‘place’ in today’s world? Reading
Simon Schama, “Introduction” & “The Verdant Cross: i. Grizzlies”
(3-19, 185-201), Landscape and Memory (NY: Knopf, 1995). Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn, “The mania for native plants in
Nazi Germany,” in Dion, M. and A. Rockman,
eds., Concrete Jungle: A pop media investigation of death and survival in
urban ecosystems (NY: Juno). Bruce Willems-Braun, “Buried epistemologies: The politics
of nature in (post)colonial British Columbia,” Annals of the Association
of American Geographers 87. 1 (1997), 3-31. Supplementary Slater, Candace. ‘Amazonia as Edenic narrative,’ in
Cronon, Uncommon Ground, 113-131. |
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September 20 VIEWING NATURE: LANDSCAPE ART,
PHOTOGRAPHY, & THE VIEW FROM THE ROAD Introduction
to visual studies. What is the relationship between our ideas of nature and
‘ways of seeing’? How has Western society privileged the visual mode of
perception and ‘enframed’ nature? Concepts in Western visual studies: the
gaze, the sublime, the beautiful, the magisterial gaze, etc. Landscape
aesthetics, landscape painting, nature and wildlife photography. What was the
role of landscape visuality in the construction of American nationalism and
the building of the American ‘West’? How has nature been constructed as an
object of visual pleasure? How is this a ‘gendered’ gaze? How has traditional
Western visuality influenced environmental and conservation movements, and how
has this altered in the era of the private automobile and of mass and global
tourism? Reading
Cronon, ‘The trouble with wilderness,’ Uncommon Ground, pp. 69-90. Wilson, Culture of Nature, ch. 1, ‘The view from the road:
Recreation and tourism.’ “Eliot Anderson: Average Landscapes,” De Young Fine Arts
Museums of San Francisco, 2007. Gillian Rose, “Looking at landscape: The uneasy pleasures
of power,” Feminism and Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge,
Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1993. Supplementary Bill McKibben, “The problem of wildlife photography,” DoubleTake,
Fall, 1997. Julia Corbett, Communicating
Nature: ‘Leisure in Nature as Commodity and Entertainment’ (ch. 3) and
‘Faint Green: Advertising and the Natural World’ (ch. 6). |
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September
27 MASS MEDIA, POLITICAL ECONOMY, & THE
PUBLIC SPHERE What is the ‘public sphere’ and how
has it developed in mass-mediated societies? What is (or should be) the role
of media in democratic societies? Production: How does media ownership
and management affect the role of media? What is ideology, and how is it
disseminated through mass media (according to Chomsky and Herman)? Reception: How do viewers ‘construct’
and make use of the messages they get from media? How are meanings encoded
and decoded (according to Stuart Hall)? What is hegemony, and how is it
shaped and contested through media and everyday life? What are some ways in
which media audiences are active rather than passive, and how can this
‘activism’ be expanded? What are the main approaches used in
narrative, semiotic, and structural analysis of media messages? Reading
Mick Underwood, ‘The mass media as
fourth estate,’ http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/media/4estate.html. Edward S. Herman, “The propaganda model:
a retrospective,” Against All Reason 1 (2003), http://www.human-nature.com/reason/01/herman.html
. See also http://www.uwindsor.ca/propaganda.
Dick Hebdige, ‘Ideology’ and ‘Hegemony’ sections,
Subculture: The Meaning of Style
(Methuen, 1979), 11-19. John Storey, ‘Television,’ Cultural Studies and the Study of Popular
Culture (Edinbugh Univ. Press, 1996), 9-18. Michael Real,”Co-authorship of media culture,” Exploring
Media Culture: A Guide (Sage, 1996), 268-279. Supplementary N. Chomsky and E. Herman, ‘A
propaganda model,’ from Manufacturing
Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (Pantheon, 2002),
pp. 1-35, avail. at http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.html.
R. Cox, Environmental
Communication & the Public Sphere: ch. 5, ‘Media and Environmental
Journalism.’ J. Corbett, Communicating Nature:
ch. 8, ‘News media’ Free Press.net, ‘Who owns the
media?’, http://www.freepress.net/content/ownership.
Mizrach, ‘Consent, American style’, Third World Traveler, at http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Media/Consent_AmerStyle.html Media ownership chart at www.mediachannel.org/ownership/chart.shtml |
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October 4 ENVIRONMENTALISM, POPULAR CULTURE, &
THE STRUGGLE FOR HEGEMONY How are environmentalists portrayed
in the mass media, and how does this portrayal affect environmentalism and
its perception in society at large? What was/is the debate over the
“death of environmentalism”? How can environmentalists make use of
the (mass, electronic, alternative) media to build viable and effective
coalitions with other groups for the transformation of society? Reading
David Easter, “Activism in a moderate world:
media portrayals and audience interpretations of environmental activism,” in
S. Muir and T. Veenendall, Earthtalk:
Communication Empowerment for Environmental Action (London:
Praeger, 1996), 45-58. Harold Schlechtweg, “Media frames and
environmental discourse: the case of 'Focus: Logjam',” in Cantrill and
Oravec, The Symbolic Earth: Discourse and Our Creation of the Environment
(Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1996), pp. 257-275. Kevin M. DeLuca, Image Politics, pp. 1-14, 52-57, 92-118, and 124-128. Supplementary Robert Cox, ‘Environmental Advocacy Campaigns,’
ch. 7 in Environmental
Communication and the Public Sphere. Richard White, “Are you an environmentalist or do
you work for a living?”, in Cronon, Uncommon Ground. Julia Corbett, ‘Communication and
social change,’ ch. 10 in Communicating Nature. James Proctor, “Whose nature? The contested moral terrain of ancient
forests,” in Cronon, Uncommon Ground. Michael
Shellenberer and Ted Mordhaus, “The death of environmentalism,” Grist,
13 Jan 2005, http://www.grist.org/news/maindish/2005/01/13/doe-reprint/,
and responses found at http://www.grist.org/news/maindish/2005/01/13/little-responses,
Grist, “Don’t fear the reapers,” 13 Jan 2005, http://www.grist.org/news/maindish/2005/01/13/doe-intro/
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October 11 CONSUMING NATURE: RECREATION,
‘DISNEYFICATION,’ & GREEN CONSUMERISM What
is the relationship between environmentalism and consumerism? Nature
recreation as an elite/identity movement. Automobile culture, theme parks,
and the ‘theming’ of nature. Nature tourism and eco-tourism. Eco-marketing,
corporate greening and ‘greenwashing’. Childrens’ environmental culture, from
Disney to Captain Planet to ...? Reading
Lisa M. Benton, “Selling the natural or selling
out? Exploring environmental merchandising,” Environmental Ethics
17 (1995), 3-22. Donna Lee King, ‘Selling environmentalism to
kids,’ Doing Their Share to Save the Planet (Rutgers Univ. Press,
1995), 29-53. Jennifer Price, "Looking for nature at the mall," in W.
Cronon, ed., Uncommon Ground. Caren
Kaplan. “‘A world without boundaries’: The Body Shops’ trans/national
geographics.” Social Text 43 (1995): 45-66. |
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October 18 THE ANIMAL – AS SLAVE, SPECTACLE,
COMPANION, OTHER How have human
perceptions of nonhuman animals changed over time? How have Western perceptions
developed? How are nonhuman
animals (and human relations with nonhuman animals) represented in the media?
How are animal activists represented? What is meant by
Guy Debord’s idea of the ‘society of the spectacle’? How does nature and the
nonhuman figure into media spectacle today? Reading
John Berger, ‘Why Look at Animals?’ About Looking (New York:
Pantheon, 1980). Alex Wilson, Culture of Nature, ch. 4, ‘Looking at the
Non-Human: Nature Movies and TV.’ Davis, Susan, ‘Touch the magic,’ in Cronon, Uncommon Ground,
204-217. Steve Baker, ‘Escaping the ratking: strategic images for animal
rights,’ Picturing the Beast:
Animals, Identity, and Representation (Manchester Univ. Press,
1993). Supplementary Julia Corbett, ‘Communicating the meaning of animals,’
ch. 7 in Communicating Nature. |
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October 25 NATURE MATTERS CONFERENCE TRIP Depart
Wed. Oct 24, return Mon. Oct 29. Suggested Background Reading Bruce Braun, The Intemperate
Rainforest: Nature, Culture, and Power on Canada’s West Coast (U. of Minnesota
Press, 2002). Mick Smith, Ethics
of place: Radical ecology, postmodernity, and social theory.
Albany: SUNY Press, 2001. Cary Wolfe, Animal Rites: American Culture, the
Discourse of Species, and Posthumanist Theory. U. of Chicago Press, 2003. Cary Wolfe, ed. Zoontologies: The Question of the
Animal. Univ. of Minnesota Press, 2003. Cary Wolfe, Critical
Environments: Postmodern Theory and the Pragmatics of the ‘Outside.’
Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1998. Stacy Alaimo, Undomesticated
Ground: Recasting Nature as Feminist Space. Cornell University Press,
2000. Julie Cruikshank, The Social
Life of Stories: Narrative and Knowledge in the Yukon Territory. U. of
Nebraska Press, 1998. Julie Cruikshank, et al. Life
Lived Like a Story: Life Storeis of Three Yukon Native Elders. UBC Press,
1991. Patrick Murphy, Literature, Nature, and Other: Ecofeminist
Critiques (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995). Giovanna Di Chiro, “Nature as
community: The convergence of environment and social justice,” in Cronon, Uncommon
Ground. |
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November
1 GLOBAL TECHNO-NATURE: GLOBAL MEDIA,
SIMULATED NATURE, DIGITAL ECOLOGIES How
have film, television, satellite imagery & digital media portrayed nature
and the nonhuman? How is the ‘ecology’ of visual & new media systems evolving
today, and what is its relationship to ‘natural ecologies’? Can
nature be recreated? What happens to nature in an era of simulations, theme
parks, artificial/digital life, genetic engineering? Reading
Andrew Ross,
“The ecology of images,” Ross, Andrew. The Chicago Gangster Theory of Life:
Nature’s Debt to Society. London: Verso, 1994. Mark Dion, “Interview with Andrew
Ross,” in Dion, M. and A. Rockman,
eds., Concrete Jungle: A pop media investigation of death and survival in
urban ecosystems. NY: Juno. Fernando
Elichirigoity, “The emergence of the global Earth” and “A new regime of
machine vision,” Planet Management: Limits to Growth, Computer Simulation,
and the Emergence of Global Spaces (Northwestern Univ. Press, 1999). Supplementary Alex Wilson, "Technological Utopias: World's Fairs and Theme
Parks" and "On the Frontiers of Capital: Nuclear Plants and Other
Environmental Architectures," in The Culture of Nature. Deborah Bright, “The machine in the
garden revisited: American environmentalism and photographic aesthetics,” Art
Journal, Summer, 1992. Goldman, R., S. Papson, and N. Kersey. 2003. “Landscapes of capital.” http://it.stlawu.edu/~global/ |
|
November 8 CULTIVATING NATURE: FROM GARDENS TO EARTHWORKS
TO ECO-RESTORATION ART Changing
traditions of landscape design, gardening, and parks. If ‘wilderness’ and
‘the city’ are an unsustainable dualism (as Michael Pollan argues), do
gardens provide a model for a workable middle-ground? If so, what kind of gardening
should humans engage in? Postmodern
nature and landscape photography. Earth art and ecological art. Ecocommunities,
organic and local food movements. Reading Lucy Lippard,
‘Out the picture window,’ The
Lure of the Local (New Press, 1997), pp. 178-187, and plates 5,
10-11, 15-16. Mark Dion, “Interview with Mierle Laderman Ukeles,” in Dion and Rockman, eds., Concrete Jungle,
NY: Juno. Richard Misrach, ‘Exceeding the
carrying capacity of the West: an artist’s erspective,’ in Holthaus, et al., A Society to Match the Scenery
(Univ. Press of Colorado, 1991). Kenneth Olwig, ‘Reinventing common nature,’ in Cronon, Uncommon Ground. Supplementary Wilson, Culture of Nature: ch. 3 (‘Nature at home’) and ch. 6 (‘City
and Country’). Michael Pollan, Michael Pollan, ‘Beyond
wilderness and lawn,’ Harvard
Design Magazine 4 (1998), www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/publications/hdm/back_issues/4ondesign_pollan.pdf
|
|
November 15 SOUND, THEATRE, PERFORMANCE, & PROTEST How have music,
theater, and performance arts responded to the growing awareness of
environmental issues? How have environmental and social justice movements
made use of elements of performance, theater, and drama in activism? Case studies:
Reclaiming the Streets; ‘anti-globalization’ protests; acoustic ecology; et
al. Reading Kendall Wrightson, “An introduction
to acoustic ecology,” Soundscape: Journal of Acoustic Ecology 1. 1
(2000), 10-13. Charles Keil and Steven Feld, “From schizophonia
to schismogenesis: On the discourses and commodification practices of ‘world
music’ and ‘world beat’,” in Music Grooves: Essays and Dialogues
(Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994). John Jordan, ‘The art of necessity:
The subversive imagination of anti-road protests and Reclaim the Streets,’ in
G. McKay, DiY Culture: Party
& Protest in 90s Britain (Verso, 1998), pp. 129-151. |
|
November 22 THANKSGIVING DAY HOLIDAY |
|
November 29 CULTURE JAMMING: COUNTERCULTURES, INDEPENDENT
MEDIA, & THE ANTI-/ALTER-GLOBALIZATION MOVEMENT Traditions of
counterculture: from Romantics and bohemians to hippies, punks, and
anti-globalization activists. Is ‘hipness’ a threat to mainstream
(capitalist) culture, or its vanguard? How have environmental
and social justice activists made use of alternative and new media? Audio, video, and internet activism and
production techniques; ‘culture jammers’ and media guerillas. Reading Thomas Frank, The Conquest of Cool, excerpts, pp. 1-9, 26-32, http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/259919.html.
Other TBA. |
|
December 6 DREAMING THE FUTURE: UTOPIA,
DYSTOPIA, & THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGINATION Alternative
futures: Technotopia, dystopia, ecotopia, and business-as-usual. How do we
imagine the future? How do
optimistic (utopian) and pessimistic (dystopian) visions of the future shape
our understanding of the present? Reading M. Jimmie Killingsworth and Jacqueline S. Palmer,
"Millennial ecology: the apocalyptic narrative from Silent Spring
to Global Warming," in C. G. Herndl and S. C. Brown, Green
Culture (Univ. of Wisconsin
Press, 1996), pp. 21-43. Garforth, Lisa. “Green utopias: Beyond
apocalypse, progress, and pastoral.” Utopian Studies 16. 3 (2005),
393-427. |
APPENDIX - COURSE RESOURCES
I. BACKGROUND READING: TOPICAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
|
Week 1 Cultural Studies Baldwin,
Elaine, et al. Introducing Cultural Studies. University of Georgia
Press, 2000. Barker, Chris. Cultural
Studies: Theory and Practice, 2d ed. London: Sage, 2003. During,
Simon (ed.), The Cultural Studies Reader. New York: Routledge, 1993. Gray,
Ann and Jim McGuigan (eds.), Studying Culture: An Introductory Reader
London: Edward Arnold, 1993. Grossberg,
L., C. Nelson, and P. Treichler, eds. Cultural Studies. New York:
Routledge, 1992. Hall,
Stuart, "Cultural Studies and its Theoretical Legacies," in
Grossberg, et al., Cultural Studies, pp. 277-86. Hall,
Stuart, "Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms." Hebdige, Dick. Subculture:
The Meaning of Style. New Accents
1979. Johnson, Richard, Deborah
Chambers, Parvati Raghuram, and Estella Tincknell. The Practice of
Cultural Studies. London: Sage, 2004. Kellner,
Douglas, Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics Between
the Modern and the Postmodern. New York: Routledge, 1995. Lash, Scott and
Celia Lury. Global Culture Industry: The Mediation of Things. London:
Polity, 2007. Munns,
Jessica and Gita Rajan (eds.), A Cultural Studies Reader: History, Theory,
Practice. London & N.Y.: Longman, 1995. Real, Michael. Exploring
Media Culture: A Guide. Sage, 1996. Storey,
John (ed.), Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader. Edinbugh
University Press, 1996. Storey, John. An Introductory Guide to Cultural Theory
and Popular Culture. New York: Harvester/Wheatsheaf, 1993. Strinati,
Domenic, An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture. New York:
Routledge, 1995. Wark,
Mackenzie. Virtual Geography:
Living With Global Media Events. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1994. Environmental Thought & Philosophy Corbett, Julia, ‘A Spectrum of Environmental Ideologies,’ ch. 2 in Communicating
Nature. Dickens, Peter. 1996. Reconstructing Nature:
Alienation, Emancipation and the Division of Labour. London: Routledge. Dobson, Andrew. Green Political Thought. 2nd
ed. London: Unwin, 1995. Dryzek, John S. and David Scholsberg, eds. Debating the Earth: The
Environmental Politics Reader. Oxford U. Press, 2005. Dryzek, John, ed. The Politics of the Earth: Environmental
Discourses. Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. Dryzek, John. The Politics of the Earth: Environmental
Discourses. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997. Gare, Arran. Postmodernism and the
Environmental Crisis. N.Y.: Routledge, 1995. Guha, Ramachandra. Environmentalism: A Global History. Longman,
2000. Jamieson, Dale, ed. A companion to Environmental Philosophy.
Blackwell, 2001. Light, Andrew, ed. Social
Ecology After Bookchin. Guilford, 1998. Merchant, Carolyn, Ecology
(Key Concepts in Critical Theory). Humanities Press, 1994. Oelschlaeger, Max, ed. Postmodern Environmental Ethics. Albany,
NY: SUNY Press, 1995. Plumwood, Val. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. Routledge,
1993. Plumwood, Val. Environmental Culture. New York: Routledge,
2002. Smith, Mick. 2001. Ethics of place: Radical
ecology, postmodernity, and social theory. Albany: SUNY
Press. Warren, Karen J., ed. Ecological
Feminism. Routledge, 1994. Zimmerman, Michael, Contesting
the Earth's Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity. Berkeley: Univ. of
California Press, 1994. Zimmerman, Michael, et al., eds. Environmental Philosophy: From
Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Prentice Hall, 2004. Environmental Communication & Cultural
Studies (general; incl. Ecocritism) Alaimo, Stacy. Undomesticated Ground: Recasting Nature as Feminist
Space. Cornell University Press, 2000. Anderson, Alison. Media, Culture, and the Environment. Rutgers
Univ. Press, 1997. Armbruster, K. and K. R. Wallace, eds.. 2001. Beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia Press..
Bennett, Jane, and William Chaloupka (eds.). In the Nature of
Things: Language, Politics, and the Environment. Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press, 1993. Benton, Lisa and John R. Short. Environmental Discourse and Practice. Blackwell, 1999. Branch, M., R. Johnson, D. Patterson, and S. Slovic, eds. Reading the Earth: New Directions in the
Study of Literature and Environment. Moscow, Idaho: University of
Idaho Press, 1998. Braun, Bruce, The Intemperate Rainforest: Nature, Culture, and
Power on Canada’s West Coast. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press,
2002. Bryld, Mette and Nina Lykke.
Cosmodolphins: Feminist Cultural Studies of Technology, Animals and the
Sacred. Zed, 2000. Buell, Frederick, From Apocalypse to Way of Life: Environmental
Crisis in the American Century. London: Routledge, 2003. Buell, Lawrence, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature
Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1995. Buell, Lawrence, The Future of Environmental Criticism:
Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Blackwell, 2005. Buell, Lawrence, Writing for an Endangered World: Literature,
Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond. Belknap/Harvard Univ.
Press, 2001. Burgess, Jacquelin and J. R. Gold (eds.), Geography,
the Media and Popular Culture. London: Croom-Helm, 1985. Cantrill, J.G., and C. L. Oravec (eds.). The Symbolic Earth: Discourse and Our Creation of the Environment.
Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1996.
Coupe, Laurence (ed.). The
Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism. Routledge,
2000. Cox, Robert, Environmental Communication and the Public Sphere.
London: Sage, 2006. Cronon, William (ed.). Uncommon
Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature. Norton, 1995. Davis, Susan G. Spectacular
Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience. Berkeley:
U. of California Press, 1997. DeLuca, Kevin M. Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of
Environmental Activism. New York: Guilford, 1999. Dobrin, Sidney
and Kenneth Kidd. Wild Things: Childrens’ Culture and Ecocriticism.
Wayne State Univ. Press, 2004. Franklin, Sarah, Celia Lury, and Jackie Stacey. Global
Nature, Global Culture. London: SAGE, 2000. Gaard, Greta and Patrick Murphy, eds. Ecofeminist
Literary Criticism: Theory, Interpretation, Pedagogy U. Illinois Press,
1998. Ganser, Alexandra and Vibha Arora, eds., Eco-Cultures:
Culture Studies and the Environment, ReConstruction 7. 2 (2007), http://reconstruction.eserver.org/072/contents072.shtml.
Garrard, Greg. Ecocriticism. Routledge,
2004. Glotfelty, Cheryl and Harold Fromm, eds., The
Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. U. of Georgia Press,
1996. Gold, John R. and George Revill. Representing the Environment. London
and New York: Routledge, 2004. Hansen, Anders, ed., The Mass Media and
Environmental Issues. Leicester: Leicester University Press. Haraway, Donna. Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the
World of Modern Science. NY: Routledge, 1989. Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of
Nature. NY: Routledge, 1991. Herndl, Carl and Stuart Brown. Green Culture: Environmental
Rhetoric in Contemporary America. U. of Wisconsin Press, 1996. Herzogenrath, Bernd, ed., From Virgin Land to Disney World: Nature
and Its Discontents in the USA of Yesterday and Today, Amsterdam/New
York: Editions Rodopi, 2001. Hochman, Jhan. Green Cultural Studies: Nature in Film,
Novel, and Theory. Moscow,
Idaho: University of Idaho Press, 1998. Jagtenberg, Tom, and David McKie. Eco-Impacts and the Greening of Postmodernity: New Maps for
Communications Studies, Cultural Studies, and Sociology. London:
Sage, 1997. Kerridge, Richard and Neil Sammels, eds. Writing the Environment: Ecocriticism and Literature. London: Zed, 1998.
Killingsworth, M. Jimmie and Jacqueline S. Palmer. Ecospeak: Rhetoric and Environmental
Politics in America. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University
Press, 1992. Kolodny, Annette, The Lay of the Land.
Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1975. Luke, Timothy. Ecocritique: Contesting the Politics of Nature,
Economy, and Culture. Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1997. Massey, Doreen, Space, Place, and Gender Meister, M. and P. M. Japp, eds. Enviropop: Studies in Environmental
Rhetoric and Popular Culture. Praeger, 2002. Moore, Kosek, and Pandian (eds.), Race, Nature, and the Politics of Difference. Duke
University Press, 2003. Muir, Star A. and Thomas L. Veenendall (eds.). Earthtalk:
Communicative Empowerment for Environmental Action. Westport, CN &
London: Praeger, 1996. Murphy, Patrick, ed., Literature
of Nature: An International Sourcebook. Murphy, Patrick, Literature, Nature, and
Other: Ecofeminist Critiques. Albany: State University of New York Press,
1995. Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. Yale Univ.
Press, 2001 (4th edition). Neuzil, Mark and William Kovarik. Mass Media
& Environmental Conflict: America’s Green Crusades. London: Sage,
1996. Phillips, Dana. The Truth of Ecology:
Nature, Culture, and Literature in America.
Oxford, 2003. Redclift, Michael and Ted Benton (eds.), Social
Theory and the Global Environment. London: Routledge, 1994. Roach, Catherine M. Mother/Nature: Popular Culture and
Environmental Ethics. Indiana University Press, 2002. Robertson, George, et al. (eds.). 1996. FutureNatural:
Nature, Science, Culture. New York: Routledge. Rose, Gillian, Feminism and Geography: The
Limits of Geographical Knowledge. Ross, Andrew, Strange Weather: Science,
Culture & Technology in an Age of Limits. Verso, 1991. Ross, Andrew. The
Chicago Gangster Theory of Life: Nature’s Debt to Society. London:
Verso, 1994. Udin, Lisa and Pter Hobbs, eds. “Nature Loving,” Invisible
Culture 9 (special issue), http://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/Issue_9/title9.html.
White, Daniel. Postmodern Ecology: Communiction, Evolution, and
Play. SUNY, 1998. Wilson, Alex 1991. The Culture of Nature: North American
Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez. Toronto: Between the
Lines. |
|
Week 2 Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Nature Bak, Hans and Walter H. Holbling. “Nature’s Nation” Revisited: American
Concepts of Nature from Wonder to Ecological Crisis. Amsterdam: VU
University Press, 2003. Bird, Elizabeth, “The Social Construction of Nature: Theoretical
Approaches to the History of Environmental Problems,” Environmental Review,
Winter 1987, pp. 255-64. Braun, Bruce and Noel Castree (eds.). 1998. Remaking Reality:
Nature at the Millenium. New York: Routledge. Braun, Bruce and Noel Castree, eds.
2001. Social Nature: Theory, Practice, Politics. Oxford: Blackwell. Braun, Bruce.
2004. ‘Nature and culture: On the career of a false problem.’ In A
Companion to Cultural Geography, ed. J. S. Duncan, N. C. Johnson, and R.
H. Schein, 151-179. Oxford: Blackwell. Callicott, J. Baird and Michael P.
Nelson, eds. 1998. The Great New
Wilderness Debate. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Cronon, W. (ed.). 1995. Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Cronon. W. “A place for stories: Nature, history,
and narrative.” Journal of American History 78. 4 (1992), 1347-76. Descola, Philippe and Gisli Palsson, eds. 1996. Nature and Society:
Anthropological Perspectives. New York: Routledge. Eder, Klaus. 1996. The Social Construction of Nature. London:
Sage. Ellen, Roy and Katsuyoshi Fukui (eds.). 1996. Redefining Nature:
Ecology, Culture and Domestication. Oxford: Berg. Elliot, Nils Lindahl. Mediating Nature. London: Routledge,
2006. Escobar, Arturo. 1998. “Whose knowledge? Whose nature? Biodiversity
conservation and the political ecology of social movements.” Journal of Political Ecology 5.
On-line journal, http://www.library.arizona.edu/ej/jpe/volume_5/3escobar.pdf Escobar, Arturo. 1999. ‘After nature: Steps to an antiessentialist
political ecology.’ Current Anthropology 40:1-30. Evernden, Neil. 1992. The Social Creation of Nature. Toronto:
University of Toronto Press. Evernden, Neil. The
Natural Alien: Humankind and Environment. Toronto: University of Toronto Press,
1985. Franklin, Adrian. Nature and Social Theory. London: SAGE, 2001. Glacken,
Clarence. 1967. Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western
Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century.
Berkeley: University of California Press. Gold, Mick. ‘A history of nature,’ in D. Massey
and J. Allen, Geography Matters!
London: Macmillan, 1984, pp. 12-32. Grove,
Richard H. Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens,
and the Origins of Environmentalism 1600-1860. Cambridge U. Press, 1995. Haraway, Donna. Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the
World of Modern Science. NY: Routledge, 1989. Haraway, Donna. Simians, SCyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of
Nature. NY: Routledge, 1991. Horigan, Stephen. Nature and Culture in
Western Discourses. New York: Routledge, 1988. Howe, Kerry Ross. Nature, Culture,
and History: The “Knowing” of Oceania. University of Hawaii Press, 2000. Ivakhiv, Adrian 2002. ‘Toward a
multicultural ecology.’ Organization
and Environment 15 (4), 289-309. Jardine, N., J. A. Secord, and E. C.
Spary, eds. Cultures of Natural History. Ambridge University Press,
1996. Kollin, Susan. Nature’s State: Imagining Alaska as the Last
Frontier. Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2001. Larsen, Svend Erik. 1994. "Nature on the
move: meanings of nature in contemporary culture." Ecumene 1 (3):
283-300. Latour, Bruno. Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the
Reality of Science Studies. Harvard U. PRess, 1999. Latour, Bruno. The Politics of Nature: How to
Bring the Sciences into Democracy. Harvard U. Press, 2004. Latour, Bruno. We Have Never Been Modern.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. Macnaghten, Phil and John Urry. 1998. Contested Natures.
London: Sage. Merchant, Carolyn. 2004. Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in
Western Culture. Routledge, 2004. Michael, Mike 1996. Constructing Identities: The
Social, the Nonhuman, and Change. London: Sage. Milton, Kay, Environmentalism and Cultural
Theory. Routledge, 1996. Moore, Donald S., Jake Kosek, and Anand Pandian (eds.). 2003. Race, Nature, and the Politics of
Difference. Durham and London: Duke University Press. Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. Rev. ed. New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973. Peet, R. and M. Watts, eds. Liberation Ecologies: Environment,
Development, Social Movements. 2d ed. NY: Routledge, 2004. Peterson, Anna 1999. Environmental
ethics and the social construction of nature. Environmental Ethics 21, 339-357. Phillips, Dana. The Truth of
Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America, Oxford U. Press,
2003. Proctor, James D. “The social construction of
nature: Relativist accusations, pragmatist and critical realist responses,” Annals
of the Association of American Geographers 88 (3), 1998, 352-376. Proctor,
James D. Concepts of nature, environmental/ecological. International Encyclopedia of the Social
and Behavioral Sciences, volume 15, ed. Neil Smelser and Paul
Bates, 10400-10406. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. Redclift, Michael and Ted Benton (eds.). 1994. Social Theory and
the Environment. Global Environmental Change Series. New York, London:
Routledge. Robertson, George, et al. (eds.). 1996. FutureNatural:
Nature, Science, Culture. New York: Routledge. Schrepfer, Susan. Nature’s Altars: Mountains,
Gender, and American Environmentalism. U. Press of Kansas, 2005. Seager, Joni, Earth Follies: Coming to
Feminist Terms with the Global Environmental Crisis New York: Routledge,
1993. Slater, Candace, ed. In Search of the Rain Forest. Duke Univ.
Press, 2003. Smith, Neil. 1984. Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the
Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell. Soper, Kate, "Nature/'Nature'," in
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Non-human. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Soulé, M. and G. Lease, eds. 1995. Reinventing
Nature? Responses to Postmodern Deconstruction. Washington, DC: Island
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Ideas. 2nd. ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
|
Week 3 Memory,
Heritage, Landscape, Indigeneity Basso, Keith H. 1996. ‘Wisdom sits in places: notes on a
western Apache landscape’, in S. Feld and K.H. Basso (eds), Senses of
Place, Sanya Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research. Ben-Amos, D. & Weissberg, L., eds. 1999. Cultural Memory and the Construction of Identity.
Detroit: Wayne State University Press. Bender, Barbara (ed.), Landscape:
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2001. Contested Landscapes: Movement, Exile and Place. Oxford: Berg. Brosius, J. Peter. 1999. “Green dots, pink hearts: Displacing politics
from the Malaysian rainforest.” Ecologies
for Tomorrow: Reading Rappaport Today. American Anthropologist Special
issue, 101 (1): 36-57. A. Biersack, Guest Editor. Brosius, J. Peter. 1999a. “Analyses and interventions: Anthropological
engagements with environmentalism” Current
Anthropology 40(3): 277-309. Brosius, Peter J. 1999b. “Ethnographic presence: Environmentalism,
indigenous rights, and transnational cultural critique.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and
Power 6 (2-3). Carter, Paul, The Road to Botany
Bay: An Exploration of Landscape and History. New York: Knopf, 1988. Climo, J.J. & Cattell, M.G., eds. 2002. Social Memory and History: Anthropological
Perspectives. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira. Cohen, Anthony. 1987. Whalsay – Symbol, Segment, and
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Press. Crow, Dennis (ed.). 1996. Geography
and Identity: Living and Exploring Geopolitics of Identity.
Washington: Maisonneuve Press. Darby, W. 2000. Landscape and Identity:
Geographies of Nation and Class in England. Oxford: Berg. Deloria, Philip. Playing Indian. Yale Univ. Press,
1998. Descola, Philippe. 1994. In the Society of Nature: A
Native Ecology in Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fabian, J. 2002. Time
and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object, 2nd
Edition. New York: Columbia University Press. Feld, S. & Basso, K.H., eds. 1996. Senses of Place. Sante Fe:
School of American Research. Gillis, J.R., Introduction: Memory and Identity. In Gillis, ed. Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity.
Princeton University Press, 1994. Gold, J.R. and Gold, M.M. 1995. Imaging Scotland:
Tradition, Representation and Promotion in Scottish Tourism since 1750,
Aldershot, Hampshire: Scholar. Graham, Brian, G. J. Ashworth, and J. E. Tunbridge. 2000. A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture,
and Economy. London: Arnold. Halbwachs, M. 1992. On Collective Memory. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press. Hirsch, E. & O’Hanlon, M., eds. 1995. The Anthropology of Landscape: Perspectives on Place and Space.
Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hobsbawm, Eric and Terence Ranger.
1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hornborg, Alf 1994. Environmentalism,
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Anthropology 31, 245-267. Hoskins, W.G. 1955. The Making of the English Landscape. London: Hodder. Hunter, J. 1995. On the Other Side of Sorrow: Nature
and People in the Scottish Highlands, Edinburgh: Mainstream. Ivakhiv, Adrian. 2005. “Coloring Cape Breton ‘Celtic’: Landscape and
Identity in Cape Breton Island.” Ethnologies, 27 (2), 107-136. Ivakhiv, Adrian.
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Ukrainian-European Borderlands.” Spaces of Identity 6 (1), 11-44. Jackson, P. & Penrose, J. 1993. Constructions of Race, Place and Nation.
London: UCL Press. Kelley, K.B. & Francis, H. 1994. Navajo Sacred Places.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett,
Barbara. 1998. Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage.
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and Social Ruin in the American West. New York: Routledge. Kwint, M., Breward, C. & Aynsley, J., eds, Material Memories. Oxford:
Berg. Lopez, Barry, Arctic Dreams:
Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape (New York: Bantam, 1987). Lowenthal, D. 1985. The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press Lowenthal, D. 1994. ‘Identity, heritage, and history’, in
J.R. Gillis, Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity,
Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP. Mackenzie, A. Fiona D. and Simon
Dalby 2003. Moving Mountains: Community and Resistance in the Isle of Harris,
Scotland, and Cape Breton, Canada. Antipode
35 (2), 309-333. McGinnis, Michael, Freeman House, and
William Jordan III, ‘Bioregional restoration: Re-establishing an ecology of
shared identity,’ in M. V. McGinnis, Bioregionalism (Routledge, 1999), 205-221. Mesch, G.S., and O. Manor. 1998. Social ties,
environmental perception, and local attachment. Environment and Behavior 30 (4):504-519. Morphy, H. 1991. Ancestral
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Kluwer, 2003. Short, John Rennie, Imagined
Country: Environment, Culture, and Society. Routledge, 1991. Simpson, Moira S. 1996. Making Representations: Museums
in the Post-Colonial Era. New York and London: Routledge. Slater, Candace. 2002. Entangled Edens: Visions of the Amazon. Berkeley:
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in West Africa. London: Routledge. Taussig, Michael. 1987. Shamanism, Colonialism and the Wild Man. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press. Thayer, Robert, Life
Place: Bioregional Thought and Practice U. of California Press,
2003. Thomas, Julia Adeney. Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts
of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology. U. of California Press, 2002. Thomashow, Mitchell, Ecological Identity: Becoming a Reflective Environmentalist.
MIT Press, 1995. Tuan, Yi-Fu. 1974. Topophilia: a study of environmental perception, attitudes, and
values. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Tuan, Yi-Fu. 1977. Space and place: the perspective of experience.
Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Twigger-Ross, C.I., and D.L. Uzzell. 1996. Place
and identity processes. Journal
of Environmental Psychology 16:205-220. Walter, E.V. 1988. Placeways: a theory of the human environment. Chapel Hill,
N.C.: University of North Carolina Press. Williams, Raymond. 1993 [1973]. The Country and the
City, London: Hogarth. Withers, C.W.J. 1996. ‘Place, memory, monument:
memorializing the past in contemporary Highland Scotland’, Ecumene
3(3): 325-344. Yaeger, Patricia (ed.). 1996. The Geography of Identity. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press. Identity
and Globalization Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at Large:
Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Univ. of Minnesota Press. Featherstone, Mike. "Global and Local
cultures" and "Localism, Globalism, and Cultural Identity," in
Undoing culture: Globalization, Postmodernism and Identity. London:
SAGE, 1995, pp. 86-125. Gupta, Akhil and James
Ferguson (eds.). 1997. Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical
Anthropology. Duke Univ. Press. Hall, Stuart and Paul du Gay (eds.). 1996. Questions
of Cultural Identity. London: SAGE. Hall, Stuart. 1997. “The
Local and the Global: Globalization and Ethnicity,” in Culture,
Globalization and the World-System: Contemporary Condition for the
Representation of Identity, ed. Anthony D. King (Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press, 1997), 19-39. Hannerz, Ulf. "Cosmopolitans and Locals in
World Culture," Theory, Culture & Society 7 (1990), pp.
237-251. Harvey, David. 1989. The Condition of
Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell. Harvey, David. 1996. Justice, Nature, and the
Geography of Difference. Blackwell. Herb, Guntram H. and David H. Kaplan (eds.).
1999. Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale. New York:
Rowman and Littlefield. King, Anthony D., ed. Culture, Globalization
and the World-System: Contemporary Conditions for the Representation of
Identity. Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1997. Lavie, Smadar and Ted Swedenburg
(eds.). 1996. Displacement, Diaspora, and Geographies of Identity.
London: Duke University Press. Morley, David, and Kevin Robins. 1995. Spaces
of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes, and Cultural Boundaries.
London: Routledge. Morley, David. 2000. Home Territories: Media,
Mobility, and Identity. London: Routledge. Robertson, Roland. "Glocalization:
Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity," in M. Featherstone, S. Lash,
and R. Robertson, Global Modernities (London: SAGE, 1995), pp. 24-44. Urry, John. 2002. The Tourist Gaze. 2nd
ed. London: Sage. Wilson, Rob and Wimal Dissanayake (eds.). 1996. Global/Local:
Cultural Production and the Transnational Imaginary. Durham, NC: Duke
University Press. Politics
of Place Adams, Paul C., Steven Hoelscher, and Karen Till (eds.). 2001. Textures of Place: Exploring Humanist
Geographies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Agnew, J.A., and J.S. Duncan, eds. 1989. The power of place: bringing together
geographical and sociological imaginations. Boston, MA: Unwin
Hyman. Altman, I., and S.M. Low, eds. 1992. Place attachment. 12 vols. Vol.
12. New York and London: Plenum Press. Amin, Ash. 2004. “Regions unbound: Towards a new politics of place.” Geografiska
Annaler 86 B (1), 33-44. Anderson, K., and F. Gale. 1992. Inventing places: studies in cultural
geography: Longman Cheshire; Wiley; Halsted Press. Augé, M. 1995. Non-places: Introduction
to an anthropology of supermodernity. London & New York:
Verso. Barnes, Trevor J. and James S. Duncan (eds.). 1992. Writing Worlds: Discourse, Text, and
Metaphor in the Representation of Landscape. London: Routledge. Batteau, Allen W. 1990. The Invention of
Appalachia. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press. Bender, Barbara, ed. 1993. Landscape: Politics and Perspectives.
Providence, R.I. and Oxford: Berg Publishers. Bender, Barbara and Margot Winer. 2001. Contested
Landscapes: Movement, Exile and Place. Oxford: Berg. Buttimer, A., and D. Seamon, eds. 1980. The human experience of space and place.
New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Press. Carter, Erica, James Donald, and Judith Squires
(eds.). 1993. Space and Place: Theories of Identity and Location.
London: Lawrence and Wishart. Casey, Edward. 1993. Getting Back into Place: Toward a Renewed
Understanding of the Place-World. Indiana Univ. Press. Ching, Barbara and Gerald W. Creed. 1997. Knowing
Your Place: Rural Identity and Cultural Hierarchy. New York: Routledge. Cloke, Paul, and Jo Little (eds.). 1997. Contested Countryside Cultures: Otherness, Marginalisation and
Rurality. London: Routledge. Cresswell, Tim. 2004. Place: A Short Introduction. Blackwell. Dorrian, Mark and Gillian Rose. 2003. Deterritorialisations…
Revisioning Landscapes and Politics. London: Black Dog. Duncan, James and David Ley,
eds. 1993. Place/Culture/Representation. New York: Routledge. Entrikin, J.N. 1991. The betweenness of place: towards a geography of modernity.
Balitmore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Gregory, Derek. 1994. Geographical
Imaginations. Oxford: Blackwell. Hirsch, E., and M. O'Hanlon. 1995. The anthropology of landscape:
perspectives on place and space. London, UK: Clarendon Press and
Oxford University Press. Hiss, T. 1990. The experience of place. New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf. Ivakhiv, Adrian. 2001. Claiming Sacred Ground: Pilgrims and
Politics at Glastonbury and Sedona. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Ivakhiv, Adrian. 2003b. “Seeing Red
and Hearing Voices in Red Rock Country.” Deterritorializations:
Revisioning Landscapes and Politics, ed. Mark Dorrian and Gillian Rose.
London: Black Dog Publications. Jackson, Peter. 1989. Maps
of Meaning. London: Unwin Hyman. Keith, M., and S. Pile, eds. 1993. Place and the politics of identity.
London, England and New York, N.Y.: Routledge. Kemmis, D. 1990. Community and the politics of place. Norman, OK:
University of Oklahoma Press. Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The
Production of Space. Trans. D. Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell. Low, Setha and D. Laurence-Zuniga, eds. 2003. The
Anthropology of Space and Place: Locating Culture. Blackwell. Massey, D. and P. Jess, eds. 1995. A
place in the world? Oxford: Open University Press. McDowell, L., ed. 1997. Undoing
place: A geographical reader. New York: Wiley. Mitchell, Timothy. 1988. Colonising
Egypt. Oxford: Cambridge University Press. Nassauer, Joan I. 1997. Placing Nature:
Culture and Landscape Ecology. Island Press. Relph, E. 1976. Place and placelessness. London, England: Pion Limited. Rodman, M.C. 1992. Empowering place:
multilocality and multivocality. American
Anthropologist 94 (3):640-656. Schneekloth, L.H., and R.G. Shibley. 1995. Placemaking: the art and practice of
building communities. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons. Shields, Rob. 1991. Places on the Margin: Alternative
Geographies of Modernity. New York: Routledge. |
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Week 4 Visual Studies (general) Elkins, James. Visual Culture: A Skeptical Introduction.
Routledge, 2003. Evans, Jessica and Stuart Hall, eds. Visual Culture: The Reader.
Sage, 1999. Howells, Richard. Visual Culture. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2003. Mirzoeff, Nicholas. An Introduction to Visual Culture.
Routledge, 1999. Robins, Kevin. Into the
Image: Culture and Politics in the Field of Vision. Routledge,
1996. Rose, Gillian. Visual Methodologies. Sage, 2006 (2nd
ed.). Sturken, M. and L. Cartwright, Practices of Looking: An
Introduction to Visual Culture. Oxford, 2001. Environmental
Visuality (see
also Green Film Studies, week 9) Andrews, Malcolm. 1999. Landscape and Western Art. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. Aronczyk, Melissa. “‘Taking the SUV to a place it’s never
been before’: SUV ads and the consumption of nature.” Invisible Culture
9 (2005), http://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/Issue_9/aronczyk.html.
Barrell, J. 1983. The Dark Side of the Landscape: The Rural Poor in English Painting 1730-1840. Cambridge
University Press. Boime, Albert. The Magisterial Gaze: Manifest Destiny and American Landscape Painting, c. 1830-1865. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991.
Bright, Deborah. “The machine in the garden revisited:
American environmentalism and photographic aesthetics,” Art Journal,
Summer, 1992. Clark, Kenneth. 1949. Landscape Into Art. London: Murray. Cosgrove, Denis, and Stephen Daniels (eds.). 1988. The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on
the Symbolic Representation, Design, and Use of Past Environments.
New York: Cambridge University Press. DeLuca, Kevin M. Image
Politics: The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism. Guilford, 1999. Dorrian, Mark and Gillian Rose. 2003. Deterritorialisations…
Revisioning Landscapes and Politics. London: Black Dog. Dunaway, Finis. Natural
Visions: The Power of Images in American Environmental Reform. Univ. of Chicago Press, 2005. Dunaway, Finis. “Reframing the last frontier:
Subhankar Banerkee and the visual politics of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.”
American Quarterly 2006. Herring, Scott. 2004. Writers, Art, and the National Parks.
Univ. of Virginia Press. Lutz, C. A. and J. L. Collins, Reading National
Geographic. U. of Chicago Press,
1993. Mitchell, W. J. T. (ed.) Landscape and Power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1994. Neumann, Mark. On the Rim: Looking for the Grand
Canyon. U. of Minnesota Press, 1999. Novak, B. 1980. Nature
and Culture: American Landscape Painting 1825-1875. London: Thames & Hudson. Rosenthal, M. 1982. British Landscape Painting. Oxford: Phaidon Schama, S. 1995. Landscape and Memory. London:
HarperCollins. Schrepfer, Susan. Nature’s Altars: Mountains,
Gender, and American Environmentalism. U. Press of Kansas, 2005. Sontag, Susan. On
Photography. New York: Dell, 1977. Sweeney, J. Gray. “An ‘indomitable explorative enterprise’: Inventing
national parks,” in Invenying Acadia: Artists and Tourists at Mount Desert,
ed. P. J. Belanger. Rockland, ME: Farnsworth Art Museum/Univ. Press of New
England, 1999. Wilson, Alexander. The Culture of Nature: North
American Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez. Toronto: Between the
Lines, 1991. Wypijewski, JoAnn (ed.). Painting by Numbers: Komar and Melamid’s
Scientific Guide to Art. Univ. of California Press, 1997. |
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Week 5 Media
Studies Chomsky, Noam and Edward S. Herman. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. Pantheon,
2002. Curran, James and Michael Gurevitch, eds. Mass
Media and Society. 3d ed. Oxford U. Press, 2000. Fiske, John, Introduction to Communication Studies, 2nd edition
(Routledge, 1990). Hall, Stuart. “Encoding/decoding.” Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers
in Cultural Studies, 1972-79, ed. Centre for Contemporary Cultural
Studies, 128-138. London: Hutchinson,
1980 (1973). Hartley, John. Communication, Cultural and
Media Studies: The Key Concepts. 3d ed. Routledge, 2002. Kellner, Douglas, Media Culture: Cultural
Studies, Identity and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern. New
York: Routledge, 1995. Lash, Scott and Celia Lury. Global Culture Industry: The Mediation
of Things. London: Polity, 2007. Lewis, Justin,
‘Reproducing political hegemony in the United States,’ Critical Studies in Mass Communication 16:
3 (Sept 1999): 251-267. Marris, Paul and Sue Thornham, eds. Media Studies:
A Reader. New York University Press, 2000. MediaStudies.Com, MACS 110 “Introduction to Communication Theory,” http://www.mediastudies.com/MACS%20110.htm.
Munns, Jessica and Gita Rajan (eds.), A
Cultural Studies Reader: History, Theory, Practice. London & N.Y.:
Longman, 1995. Real, Michael. Exploring Media Culture: A Guide. Sage, 1996. Storey, John (ed.), Cultural Theory and
Popular Culture: A Reader. Edinbugh University Press, 1996. Storey, John. An
Introductory Guide to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture. New
York: Harvester/Wheatsheaf, 1993. Strinati, Domenic, An Introduction to Theories
of Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 1995. Taylor, Lisa and Andrew Willis. Media Studies: Texts, Institutions,
and Audiences. Blackwell, 1999. Valdivia, A. N., ed. A Companion to Media Studies. Blackwell,
2003. Wark, Mackenzie. Virtual
Geography: Living With Global Media Events. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 1994. www.mediachannel.org/ownership/ |
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Week 6 Environmentalism
& Media Anderson, Alison. Media, Culture, and the Environment. Rutgers
Univ. Press, 1997. Burgess, Jacquelin and J. R. Gold (eds.), Geography,
the Media and Popular Culture. London: Croom-Helm, 1985. Cantrill, J.G., and C. L. Oravec (eds.). The Symbolic Earth: Discourse and Our Creation of the Environment.
Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1996.
Chapman, G., K. Kumar, C. Fraser, and I. Gaber. Environmentalism
and the Mass Media: The North-South Divide. Routledge, 1997. Cox, Robert, Environmental Communication and the Public Sphere.
London: Sage, 2006. Dale, Stephen. McLuhan’s Children: The
Greenpeace Message and the Media. Toronto: Between the Lines, 1996. Delli Carpini, Michael and Bruce A. Williams,
‘'Fictional' and 'non-fictional' television celebrates Earth Day: or,
politics is comedy plus pretense,’ Cultural
Studies 8:1 (1994), pp. 74-96. DeLuca, Kevin M. Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of
Environmental Activism. New York: Guilford, 1999. Franklin, Sarah, Celia Lury, and Jackie Stacey. Global
Nature, Global Culture. London: SAGE, 2000. Ganser, Alexandra and Vibha Arora, eds., Eco-Cultures:
Culture Studies and the Environment, ReConstruction 7. 2 (2007), http://reconstruction.eserver.org/072/contents072.shtml.
Gold, John R. and George Revill. Representing the Environment. London
and New York: Routledge, 2004. Hansen, Anders, ed., The Mass Media and
Environmental Issues. Leicester: Leicester University Press. Herndl, Carl and Stuart Brown. Green Culture: Environmental
Rhetoric in Contemporary America. U. of Wisconsin Press, 1996. Herzogenrath, Bernd, ed., From Virgin Land to Disney World: Nature
and Its Discontents in the USA of Yesterday and Today, Amsterdam/New
York: Editions Rodopi, 2001. Jagtenberg, Tom, and David McKie. Eco-Impacts and the Greening of Postmodernity: New Maps for
Communications Studies, Cultural Studies, and Sociology. London:
Sage, 1997. Killingsworth, M. Jimmie and Jacqueline S.
Palmer, from ‘Transformations of Scientific Discourse in the News Media,’ in Ecospeak: Rhetoric and Environmental
Politics in America (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University
Press, 1992), pp. 133-141, 148-160. Killingsworth, M. Jimmie and Jacqueline S. Palmer. Ecospeak: Rhetoric and Environmental
Politics in America. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University
Press, 1992. London, Jonathan. “Common roots and entangled
limbs: Earth First! And the growth of post-wilderness environmentalism on
California’s north coast,” Antipode 30.2 (1998), 155-176. McKibben, Bill. The Age of Missing Information,
NY: Plume, 1992. Meister, M. and P. M. Japp, eds. Enviropop: Studies in Environmental
Rhetoric and Popular Culture. Praeger, 2002. Muir, Star A. and Thomas L. Veenendall (eds.). Earthtalk:
Communicative Empowerment for Environmental Action. Westport, CN &
London: Praeger, 1996. Neuzil, Mark and William Kovarik. Mass Media
& Environmental Conflict: America’s Green Crusades. London: Sage,
1996. Price, Jennifer, ‘Roadrunners can’t read: The
greening of television in the 1990s,’ Flight Maps: Adventures with Nature in Modern America
(Basic, 1999), pp. 217-256. Ross, Andrew, Strange Weather: Science,
Culture & Technology in an Age of Limits. Verso, 1991. Rowell, Andrew. Green Backlash: Global
Subversion of the Environmental Movement. Routledge, 1996. Spangle, Michael and David Knapp, ‘Ways we talk
about the Earth: An exploration of persuasive tactics and appeals in
environmental discourse,’ Muir and Veenendall, Earthtalk. Pp. 3-26. Wilson, Alex 1991. The Culture of Nature: North American
Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez. Toronto: Between the
Lines. Grist magazine, http://www.grist.org/ |
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Week 7 Consumerism
& the Environment Bednar, Bob. Snapshot Semiotics Project. www.southwestern.edu/~bednarb/snapshotsemiotics/
Benton, Lisa M. ‘Selling the natural or selling
out? Exploring environmental merchandising,’ Environmental Ethics 17
(1995), pp. 3-22. Best, Steven and Douglas Kellner,
"Modernity, Commodification, and the Spectacle From Marx through Debord
into the Postmodern," The Postmodern Adventure. Bryld, Mette and Nina Lykke. Cosmodolphins: Feminist Cultural
Studies of Technology, Animals and the Sacred. Zed, 2000. Cypher, Jennifer
and Eric Higgs, ‘Colonizing the imagination: Disney’s Wilderness Lodge,’ in
B. Herzogenrath, From Virgin Land to Disney World (Rodopi, 2001). Davis, Susan G. Spectacular
Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1997. Davis, Susan, ‘Touch the magic,’ in Cronon (ed.),
Uncommon Ground, pp. 204-217. Debord, Guy. The Society of the Spectacle.
Detroit: Black and Red, 1977. Dobrin, Sidney
and Kenneth Kidd. Wild Things: Childrens’ Culture and Ecocriticism.
Wayne State Univ. Press, 2004. Foale, Simon and Martha Macintyre. “Green fantasies: Photographic
representations of biodiversity and ecotourism in the Western Pacific.” Journal
of Political Ecology 12 (2005). King, Donna Lee, ‘Selling environmentalism to
kids,’ Doing Their Share to Save the Planet (Rutgers Univ. Press,
1995), pp. 29-53. Lutz, Catherine and Jane Collins. Reading National Geographic.
Univ. of Chicago Press, 1993. Opel, Andy.
“Constructing Purity: Bottled Water and the Commodification of Nature.” Journal
of American Culture 22.4 (1999), 67-76. Smith, Neil. "The production of
nature," in FutureNatural. Urry, John. Consuming Places. London:
Routledge, 1995. Urry, John. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and
Travel in Contemporary Societies. London: SAGE, 1990. Wiley, Eric,
‘Wilderness theatre: Environmental tourism and Cajun swamp tours,’ The
Drama Review 46: 3 (Fall 2002): 118-131. Follow links from www.uwosh.edu/library/serialsolutions/jnlsT.html
- look for ‘TDR’. Zukin, Sharon. "Disney World: The Power of
Facade and the Facade of Power," ch. 8 in Landscapes of Power: From
Detroit to Disney World. |
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Week 8 Cultural
Studies of Animals Baker, Steve. Picturing the Beast: Animals, Identity, and Representation.
Manchester University Press, 1993. Baker, Steve. The Postmodern Animal. London: Reaktion, 2000.
Berger, John. ‘Why Look at Animals?’ About
Looking (New York: Pantheon, 1980). Berman, Morris, "The wild and the tame: humans and animals
from Lascaux to Walt Disney," in Coming to Our Senses: Body and
Spirit in the Hidden History of the West (New York: Bantam, 1990), pp.
63-102. Bryld, Mette and Nina Lykke.
Cosmodolphins: Feminist Cultural Studies of Technology, Animals and the
Sacred. Zed, 2000. Bulbeck, Chilla. Facing the Wild:
Ecotourism, Conservation and Animal Encounters. London: Earthscan, 2005. Burt, Jonathan. Animals in Film. London: Reaktion, 2002.
Cartmill, Matt, A View to a Death in the Morning: Hunting and
Nature Through History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993). Daston, Lorraine and Gregg Mitman, eds. Thinking with
Animals: New Perspectives on Anthropomorphism. Columbia U. Press, 2005. Davis, Susan G. Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and
the Sea World Experience. Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1997. Davis, Susan, ‘Touch the
magic,’ in Cronon (ed.), Uncommon
Ground, pp. 204-217. Emel, Jody. ‘Are you man enough, big and bad
enough? Ecofeminism and wolf eradication in the USA,’ Society and Space
13 (1995), pp. 707-34. Graham, Elaine L. Representations
of the Post/Human: Monsters, Aliens and Others in Popular Culture. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, 2002. Ham, Jennifer and Matthew Senior. Animal
Acts: Configuring the Human in Western History. New York: Routledge,
1997. Haraway, Donna, Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in
the World of Modern Science. (New York: Routledge, 1989). Lopez, Barry, Of Wolves and Men (New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1978). Malamud, Randy. Reading Zoos:
Representations of Animals and Captivity. New York University Press,
1998. Mullan, Bob and Garry Marvin. Zoo
Culture. 2d ed. Univ. of Illinois Press, 1998. Norris, Margot. Beasts of the Modern Imagination: Darwin,
Nietzsche, Kafka, Ernst, & Lawrence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1985. Noske, Barbara. Beyond Boundaries:
Humans and Animals. Black Rose, 1997. Philo, Chris, "Animals, geography, and the city: notes on
inclusions and exclusions," Society and Space 13 (1995), pp.
655-81. Serpell, James. In the Company of Animals: A Study of
Human-Animal Relations. Basil Blackwell, 1988. Tester, Keith. Animals and Society: The Humanity of Animal
Rights. Routledge, 1991. Thompson, Nato
(ed.) Becoming Animal: Contemporary
Art in the Animal Kingdom. North Adams, Mass.: MASS MoCA
Publications, 2005. Wilbert,
Chris and Chris Philo, eds. Animal Spaces, Beastly Places: New
Geographies of Human-Animal Relations. Routledge, 2000. Wilson, Alex. ‘Looking at the Non-Human: Nature
Movies and TV,’ ch. 4 in The Culture of Nature. Wolch, J.R., K. West, and T. E. Gaines, "Transspecies urban
theory," Society and Space 13 (1995), pp. 735-60. Wolch, Jennifer R. and
Jody Emel, eds. Animal Geographies: Place, Politics, and Identity in the
Nature-Culture Borderlands. Verso, 1998. Wolch, Jennifer,"Zoopolis," Capitalism Nature
Socialism v. 7, n. 2 (1996), pp. 21-47. Wolfe,
Cary, ed. Zoontologies: The Question of the Animal. Univ. of Minnesota
Press, 2003. Wolfe,
Cary. Animal Rites: American Culture, the Discourse of Species, and
Posthumanist Theory. Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. |
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Week 8 ‘Nature
Matters’ Conference: Keynote Speakers Braun, Bruce, The Intemperate Rainforest: Nature, Culture, and
Power on Canada’s West Coast (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press,
2002). Smith, Mick. 2001. Ethics of place: Radical
ecology, postmodernity, and social theory. Albany: SUNY
Press. Wolfe,
Cary. Animal Rites: American Culture, the Discourse of Species, and
Posthumanist Theory. Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003. Wolfe,
Cary, ed. Zoontologies: The Question of the Animal. Univ. of Minnesota
Press, 2003. Wolfe, Cary. Critical Environments: Postmodern Theory and the
Pragmatics of the ‘Outside.’ Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1998. Alaimo, Stacy. Undomesticated Ground: Recasting Nature as Feminist
Space. Cornell University Press, 2000. Cruikshank, Julie. The Social Life of Stories: Narrative and
Knowledge in the Yukon Territory. U. of Nebraska Press, 1998. Cruikshank, Julie, et al. Life Lived Like a Story: Life Storeis of
Three Yukon Native Elders. UBC Press, 1991. Di Chiro, Giovanna. “Nature as community: The convergence of
environment and social justice. In Cronon, Uncommon Ground. Murphy, Patrick, Literature, Nature, and
Other: Ecofeminist Critiques (Albany: State University of New York Press,
1995). |
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Week 9 Green Film Studies Bousé, David. Wildlife
Films. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. Brereton, Pat. Hollywood
Utopia: Ecology in Contemporary American Cinema. Bristol, U.K. and Portland, Oregon:
Intellect, 2005. Burnett, Ron. Cultures of Vision: Images, Media, and
the Imaginary. Indiana University Press, 1995. Burt, Jonathan. Animals in Film. London: Reaktion, 2002.Carmichael, Deborah. The Landscape of Hollywood Westerns: Ecocriticism in an American Film Genre. Univ. of Utah Press, 2006.
Chris, Cynthia, Watching Wildlife, Univ. of Minnesota Press,
2007. Cubitt, Sean. EcoMedia.
Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2005. Elichirigoity, Fernando. Planet Management: Limits
to Growth, Computer Simulation, and the Emergence of Global Spaces
(Northwestern Univ. Press, 1999). Ingram, David. Green
Screen: Environmentalism and Hollywood Cinema. Exeter, U.K.:
University of Exeter Press, 2004. Ivakhiv, Adrian. ‘Green Film Criticism and Its Futures,’ Foreign Literature
Studies, 2006. Light, Andrew. Reel Arguments: Film, Philosophy, and Social Criticism. Boulder, Colo.: Westview,
2003. MacDonald, Scott. “Three short ruminations on ideology in
the nature film.” Film Quarterly 59. 3 (2006): 4-21. MacDonald, Scott. “Toward an Eco-Cinema.” ISLE 11. 2 (2004), 107-132. MacDonald, Scott. The Garden in the Machine: A Field Guide to Independent Films about
Place. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. McKibben, Bill. The Age of Missing Information, NY: Plume,
1992. Mitman, Gregg. Reel
Nature: America’s Romance with Wildlife on Film. Cambridge, Mass.,
and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. Nisbet, Matthew. “Evaluating the Impact of The Day After Tomorrow: Can a
Blockbuster Film Shape the Public's Understanding of a Science Controversy?” CSICOP On-Line: Science and the Media, June
16, 2004. Podeschi, Christopher W. “The Nature of Future Myths:
Environmental Discourse in Science Fiction Film, 1950-1999.” Sociological Spectrum 22:
251-297. Pollio, H. W., J. Anderson, P. Levasseur, and M. Thweatt.
“Cultural meanings of nature: an analysis of contemporary motion pictures.” Journal
of Psychology 137. 2 (2003). Ross, Andrew.
“The ecology of images,” Ross, Andrew. The
Chicago Gangster Theory of Life: Nature’s Debt to Society. London:
Verso, 1994. Siebert, Charles. “The artifice of the natural: How TV’s
nature shows make all the Earth a stage,” Harper’s (Feb. 1993), 43-51. Uddin, Lisa. “Global-natural worlds and the popular
reception of Winged Migration.” ReConstruction
7. 2 (2007). http://reconstruction.eserver.org/072/uddin.shtml.
Vivanco, Luis. “Seeing Green: Knowing and Saving the
Environment on Film.” American
Anthropologist 104. 4 (2002): 1195-1204. Wilson, Alex. ‘Looking at the nonhuman: Nature
movies and TV,’ ch. 4 in The
Culture of Nature. Global,
Artificial, Simulated and Digital ‘Nature’ Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulation.
Univ. of Michigan Press, 1994. Bennett, Jane. "Primate visions and
alter-tales," in J. Bennett and W. Chaloupka (eds.), In the Nature of
Things: Language, Politics, and the Environment (Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press, 1993), pp. 250-65. Brunn, Stanley and Thomas Leinbach (eds.), Collapsing
Space and Time: Geographic Aspects of Communication and Infromation
(London: Harper Collins Academic, 1991). Bryld, Mette and Nina Lykke. Cosmodolphins: Feminist Cultural
Studies of Technology, Animals and the Sacred. Zed, 2000. Clark, Nigel. "Panic Ecology: Nature in the
Age of Superconductivity," TCS 14(1): 77-96, 1997. (KIT) Cosgrove, Denis. ‘Contested global visions: One-world, Whole-earth, and the
Apollo space photographs,’ Annals
of the Association of American Geographers 84 (2), 1994, 270-294. Escobar, Arturo. 1999. ‘After nature: Steps to an antiessentialist
political ecology.’ Current Anthropology 40:1-30. Goldman, R., S. Papson, and N. Kersey. 2003.
“Landscapes of capital.” http://it.stlawu.edu/~global/ Guattari, Felix. "The Three Ecologies,"
New Formations 8 (1989): 131-47. Haraway, Donna. Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the
World of Modern Science. NY: Routledge, 1989. Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of
Nature. NY: Routledge, 1991. Harvey, David and Haraway, Donna. "Nature,
politics, and possibilities: a debate and discussion with David Harvey and
Donna Haraway," Social Space 1995. Heise, Ursula. “Unnatural ecologies: The metaphor
of the environment in media theory.” Configurations 10 (2002),
149-168. Light, Jennifer S. "The Changing Nature of
Nature," Ecumene 4: 2 (1997), pp. 181-95. Luke, Timothy. "Environmental Emulations:
Terraforming Technologies and the Tourist Trade at Biosphere 2" (ch. 5)
and "Worldwatching at the Limits of Growth" (ch. 4) in Ecocritique. Luke, Timothy. "Liberal society and cyborg
subjectivity: The politics of environments, odies, and nature," Alternatives
21 (1996): 1-30. Luke, Timothy. "On Environmentality:
Geo-Power and Eco-Knowledge in the Discourses of Contemporary
Environmentalism," Cultural Critique, Fall 1995, pp. 57-81. Meyrowitz, Joshua. No Sense of Place: The
Impact of Electronic Media on Social Behaviour (New York: Oxford
Univ.Press, 1985). Ross, Andrew. Strange Weather: Culture,
Science and Technology in the Age of Limits (London: Verso, 1991). Ross, Andrew. The Chicago Gangster Theory of
Life: Nature's Debt to Society. Terranova, Tiziana. "Posthuman unbounded:
artificial evolution and high-tech subcultures," in G. Robertson, M.
Mash, et al., FutureNatural: Nature, Science, Culture (New York:
Routledge, 1996), pp. 165-180. Wark, Mackenzie. "Third Nature," Cultural
Studies 8:1 (1994). (RESERVE) Wilson, Alex. "Technological Utopias:
World's Fairs and Theme Parks" and "On the Frontiers of Capital:
Nuclear Plants and Other Environmental Architectures" in The Culture
of Nature. |
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Week 10 Gardens,
Landscapes, and Eco-Art Beardsley, John. Earthworks and Beyond: Contemporary
Art in the Landscape. Berry, Wendell. The Unsettling of
America: Culture and Agriculture. San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1966. Bhatti, Mark and
Andrew Church, “Cultivating Natures: Homes and Gardens in Late Modernity,” Sociology
35. 2 (2001): 365-383. Casey, Edward, Earth-Mapping: Artists Reshaping
Landscape. Univ. of Minnesota Press, 2005. Dion, M. and A. Rockman. Concrete Jungle: A
pop media investigation of death and survival in urban ecosystems. NY:
Juno. Francis,
M. and R. T. Hestor, eds. 1990. The Meaning of Gardens. Cambridge,
Mass.: MIT Press. Glazebrook, Trish. “Art or nature?
Aristotle, restoration ecology, and flowforms.” Ethics & the
Environment 8. 1 (2003). Hayden,
Dolores,
The Power of Place: Urban Landscape as Public History (MIT, 1995) Hough,
Michael. Cities
and Natural Process
(Routledge, 1995). Kastner, Jeffrey and Brian Wallis, eds. Land and
Environmental Art. Phaidon, 2005. Lippard, Lucy, The Lure of
the Local: Senses of Place in a Multicentered Society (New
Press,1997). McHarg,
Ian. Design
with Nature (Natural History Press,
1969). Platt,
R. H., R. A. Rowntree, and P. C. Muick, The Ecological City:
Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Massachusetts, 1994) Rogers, Elizabeth Barlow. Landscape Design: A Cultual and
Architectural History. Harry N. Abrams, 2001. Solnit, Rebecca. 1993. As Eve Said to the Serpent: On Landscape,
Gender, and Art. Univ. of Georgia Press. Sonfist, Alan. Art in the Land: A Critical Anthology of
Environmental Art. Dutton, 1983. Spaid, Sue. Ecovention: Current Art to Transform
Ecologies. Cincinatti: Contemporary Art Center, 2002. Spirn,
A. W. "Constructing Nature: The Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted,” in
William Cronon, ed., Uncommon Ground (Norton, 1995) Spirn,
A. W. "Reclaiming Common Ground: Water, Neighborhoods, and Public
Spaces," in Robert Fishman, ed., The American Planning Tradition (Woodrow Wilson Press and Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2000). Spirn,
A. W. "Urban Nature and Human Design: Renewing the Great
Tradition," Jay Stein, ed., Classic Readings in Urban Planning (McGraw-Hill, 1995) Spirn, A. W. The Granite Garden: Urban
Nature and City Design
(Basic Books, 1984). Todd, Nancy
Jack and John Todd, From Eco-Cities to Living Machines (North
Atlantic, 1994) Tufnell, Ben. Land Art. Harry N. Abrams, 2007. Weilacher, Udo. Between Landscape Architecture and Land
Art. Wilson, Peter L. and Bill Weinberg, 1999, Avant Gardening:
Ecological Struggle in the City & the World. NY: Autonomedia. Wolschke-Bulmahn, Joachim. Nature and Ideology: Natural Garden
Design in the Twentieth-Century. Trustees for Harvard University, 1997. Wrede, Stuart and William Howard Adams, eds. Denatured
Visions: Landscape and Culture in the Twentieth Century. NY: Museum of
Modern Art, 1991. http://www.wsu.edu/~amerstu/ce/art.html http://www.earthcelebrations.com - on the community gardens movement in New York City. http://www.greenguerillas.org/ |
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Week 11 Sound,
Theater, Performance, and the Environment Bell, John. Landscape and Desire: Bread and
Puppet Pageants in the 1990s. Glover, VT: Bread and Puppet Press, 1997. Bull, Michael and Les Back. The Auditory
Culture Reader. Oxford: Berg, 2003. Chaudhuri, Una. “‘There must be a lot of fish in
that lake’: Toward an ecological theater.” Theater 25. 1 (1995):
23-31. Cless, Downing. “Eco-Theatre USA: The grassroots
is greener.” The Drama Review (TDR) 40. 2 (1996), 79-102. Connell, John and Chris Gibson. Sound Tracks:
Popular Music, Identity and Place. London: Routledge, 2003. Durland, Stephen. 1987. “Witness: The guerilla
theater of Greenpeace.” In Radical Street Performance, ed. J.
Cohen-Cruz. NY: Routledge. Erlmann, Veit. "The Aesthetics of the Global
Imagination: Reflections on World Music in the 1990s," Public Culture
8:3 (Spring 1996). Keil, Charles and Steven Feld. Music Grooves:
Essays and Dialogues. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994. Kershaw, Baz. “Ecoactivist performance: The
environment as partner in protest?” The Drama Review (TDR) 46. 1
(2002). Kershaw, Baz. “The theatrical biosphere and
ecologies of performance.” New Theatre Quarterly 16. 2 (2000),
122-130. Leyshon, A., D. Matless, and G. Revill (eds.). The
Place of Music. NY: Guilford, 1998. McKay, George. 1996. Senseless Acts of Beauty:
Cultures of Resistance Since the 1960s. London: Verson. McKay, George. 1998. DiY Culture: Party and Protest in Nineties
Britain. London: Verso. McShane, Megan.
‘The manifest disharmony of ephemeral culture: Art, ecology, and waste
management in American culture,’ in B. Herzogenrath, From Virgin Land to Disney World (Rodopi,
2001). Rosenthal, Cindy. “The common green/common ground performance project.” The Drama
Review (TDR) 46. 3 (2002). Rothenberg, David and Marta Ulvaeus, eds. The
Book of Music and Nature: An Anthology of Sounds, Words, Thoughts.
Wesleyan University Press, 2001. Schafer, R. Murray. The Soundscape: Our Sonic
Environment and the Tuning of the World. (Orig. The Tuning of the
World, 1977). Destiny Books, 1993. Szerszynski, B., W. Heim, and C. Wateron (eds.). Nature Performed:
Environment, Culture and Performance. Blackwell, 2003. Szerszynski,
Bron. ‘Ritual action in environmental protest events,’ Theory, Culture & Society 19:
3 (2002): 51-69. http://www.acousticecology.org/ http://steve-peters.blogspot.com/ |
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Week 12 Counterculture
and Culture Jamming Frank,
Thomas. The Conquest of Cool: Business Culture, Counterculture, and the
Rise of Hip Consumerism. U. of Chicago Press, 1998. McKay,
George. Senseless Acts of Beauty:
Culture of Resistance since the 1960s (Verso, 1996) Lasn, Kalle. Culture Jam: How to Reverse America’s Suicidal
Consumer Binge – and Why We Must. Quill, 1999. Bohlen, Jim. The Origins
and Future of Greenpeace. Black Rose, 2000. Jordan, A. G. Shell,
Greenpeace, and the Brent Sparr. Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. Dale, Steven. McLuhan’s Children: The Greenpeace Message and the
Media. Between the Lines, 1996. Heath, Joseph and Andrew Potter. The Rebel Sell (Nation of
Rebels: Why Counterculture Became Consumer Culture). HarperCollins, 2004. http://www.adbusters.org/home/ |
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Week 13 Utopia,
Dystopia, and the Environmental Imagination (theory) Garforth, Lisa. “Green utopias: Beyond
apocalypse, progress, and pastoral.” Utopian Studies 16. 3 (2005),
393-427. Davis,
Mike, Ecology
of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster (Holt, 1998) De Geus, Marius. Ecological Utopias: Envisioning the
Sustainable Society. Utrecht: International, 1999. Buell, Lawrence, "Environmental
Apocalypticism," in The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature
Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1995), pp. 280-308. Killingsworth, M. Jimmie and Jacqueline S.
Palmer, "Millennial ecology: the apocalyptic narrative from Silent
Spring to Global Warming," in C. G. Herndl and S. C. Brown, Green
Culture: Environmental Rhetoric in Contemporary America (Madison: Univ.
of Wisconsin Press, 1996), pp. 21-43. Mathison, Werner Christie. “Green utopianism and
the greening of science and higher education.” Organization &
Environment 19. 1 (2006), 110-125. Pepper, David. “Utopianism and environmentalism.”
Environmental Politics 14. 1 (2005), 3-22. Jameson, Fredric. 2007. Archaeologies of the
Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions. London:
Verso. |
II. SAMPLE IDEAS FOR RESEARCH PAPER TOPICS
§ Analysis of an
environmental, nature or wildlife advocacy organization: e.g., Greenpeace,
Sierra Club, Audubon Society, Worldwide Fund for Nature, the Nature
Conservancy, Earth First!, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, Worldwatch
Institute, Natural Resources Defense Council, Ducks Unlimited, et al.
§ Analysis of a
specific environmental (or related) campaign or organizational or community
initiative: e.g., the campaign (by several organizations) to prevent oil
drilling in Alaska, a community recycling or campus greening initiative, etc.
§ Analysis of an
environmental debate: e.g., strategies, successes and failures of the competing
sides (corporate, organic farming, environmentalist, et al.) of the genetically-modified
foods debate
§ Environmental
cultural analysis of a work of literature, music, art, etc.:
§ Ecotopian (or
eco-dystopian) novels such as Ernest Callenbach’s Ecotopia and Ecotopia
Emerging, Ursula LeGuin’s Always
Coming Home, Marge Piercy’s Woman on the Edge of Time, Starhawk’s Fifth Sacred Thing, Kim Stanley
Robinson’s Pacific Edge or his Mars
trilogy, et al.
§ Popular or
‘alternative’ comics (e.g. the Animal
Man series)
§ Science-fiction
films & television series (e.g., Star
Trek, Robocop,
Terminator, Alien, Brazil, Total
Recall, The Matrix, et al.)
§ Images of nature
and/or animals in horror and monster movies
§ Images of place
and nature in popular novels, music, art, etc.
§ Analysis of a
form of childrens’ culture: e.g., ‘eco-friendly’ kids' culture from Bambi and Smokey the Bear to Captain Planet and Ferngully to . . .
§ Analysis of advertisements
(e.g., the use of nature in ads for cars or SUVs), tourist brochures promoting
ecotourism, or some other form of recreational or consumer culture
§ Popular-science
and technoculture:
§ Analysis of the
role of whole-earth photographs, satellites, and the NASA space program in
shaping the environmental imagination
§ Analysis of
environmental simulations such as ‘Biosphere 2’ (in Arizona), computer
simulations (e.g., SIM-Earth), etc.
§ Celebrities and
environmental issues: e.g., the Live Earth concerts, rock stars and the
rainforest (e.g., an analysis of Sting's book on the Amazon), celebrities in
the anti-fur campaign, etc.
§ Representations
of environmentalists in the popular or alternative media (e.g., on the radio
shows of Rush Limbaugh, etc.)
§ Etc. etc. etc.
