Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council

 

 

 

 

2003 REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON

 

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN VERMONT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council

2003 Annual Report

 

 

We are pleased to present the 2003 Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council report and recommendations. The Council was established in by the Vermont legislature and asked to play a key role in facilitating meaningful sustainable agriculture initiatives.  The legislation calls on the Council to prepare a report “summarizing developments in sustainable agriculture in Vermont and nationally.” This report makes recommendations for future activities that will promote research and education on developing and using sound, sustainable agricultural practices.

 

The Council is co-chaired by Secretary Steve Kerr of Vermont’s Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets and Director Larry Forcier, University of Vermont Extension. It serves as a conduit for representatives of the agricultural community to guide research, regulatory, education, and outreach programs towards the development and widespread adoption of a more sustainable system of food and fiber production. The recommendations included are designed to promote research and education that will encourage the development and use of economically and ecologically sound sustainable agriculture practices which are a benefit to Vermont’s communities and establish future directions for the success of Vermont’s food and farm operations. They include:

 

  • Implementing in a plan to include agriculturally based enterprises as an integral part of economic development planning and analysis in Vermont. 

 

  • Investing in support for ongoing diversified and value-added enterprises.

 

  • Reducing use value appraisals for farm buildings, create sales tax exemption for agricultural inputs, and revise property transfer tax exemptions.

 

  • Assisting farmers in conducting economic analyses of potential impacts of diversification and value-added production.

 

  • Promoting farmer and consumer connections through a coordinated ‘buy local’ campaign.

 

  • Increasing investment in innovative efforts to educate youth about agriculture and include a rigorous sustainability standard in the Vermont Framework of Learning Standards.

 

  • Promoting and support the Vermont New Farm Network in providing coordinated services. Maintain funding for the 2+2 program’s college scholarships; and provide financial support to LandLink Vermont to help keep land in farming.

 

  • Developing a public relations plan that includes compelling 'talking points' that reinforce positive messages about agriculture’s economic and social impacts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

6/03

Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council

 

2003 REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN VERMONT

 

The Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council identified eight priorities for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture in Vermont. This report expands on those priorities, identifies current efforts, specific needs and recommendations for action in each of those priority areas.

 

1) Economic development and other public policies should recognize not just the value of 'farm gate' production but also the indirect value of agriculture to food processing, specialty foods, tourism, and maintenance of wildlife habitat.

 

A primary source of agricultural economic information for Vermont is the USDA Agricultural Census/New England Agricultural Statistics Service. Their data emphasizes production, farm gate ‘cash receipts’ and physical resources on farms as indicators of the value of agriculture. This represents only a fraction of the contribution of farming to Vermont’s economic well being.  Value-added production of cheese, ice cream, apple cider and many other items made from Vermont products should be included in an economic analysis of agriculture. Specialty food makers, food retailers, and restaurants also utilize and benefit from Vermont-produced food, although they are may have difficulty documenting the value of that food versus other food sources. Tourism, wildlife, open space, sprawl prevention, and the effect of Vermont’s ‘quality of life’ on business recruitment are positive impacts of agriculture that are even harder to quantify.

 

Recommendation 1:

Include agriculturally based enterprises as an integral part of economic development planning and analysis in Vermont.  Develop a coordinated effort with the Department of Economic Development to promote farm-based businesses. Compile a wide range of supporting economic data estimating both direct and indirect economic impacts of agriculture. Analyze the full value and importance of agriculture in Vermont (economic, social, environmental) using the analytical resources of UVM and inject that understanding into public and private sector economic development boards and processes in Vermont including, but not limited to, the Governor’s Council of Economic Advisors, the Vermont Economic Progress Council, the UVM Board of Trustees, and the Vermont Board of Education.

 

 

 

2) Support is needed for alternative enterprise production and market research and development in order to compare the viability of a diversity of alternative crops and animals and identify the most promising candidates for Vermont.

 

No single crop or animal enterprise can be the ‘salvation’ of Vermont’s agriculture. Rather than pursue single possibilities as they arise, an objective evaluation of a wide range of alternative enterprises is needed, with the goal of identifying those that could strengthen the diversity of agricultural production and marketing in Vermont. Work to date in this area has been haphazard, initiated by researchers, legislators, funders, and producers, without much coordination.

 

The Center for Sustainable Agriculture supports several areas of agricultural diversification through its Small Ruminant Dairy Project, and the Pasture Outreach Program. NOFA-VT has taken the lead in providing technical support to the organic dairies. Extension and VAAF&M personnel respond to requests for information on a wide variety of agricultural niches, from emus to herbs, and agency expertise is often developed in the ‘squeaky wheel’ fashion, as constituent interest in a particular product grows.

 

Funding for a more coordinated exploration of new crops and animal enterprises in Vermont can come from several competitive sources: Hatch funds for Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station faculty, SARE grants for farmers, researchers and non-profits. Several foundations are also active in supporting agricultural alternatives in Vermont. There is no state funding specifically targeted at development or analysis of new crop and animal enterprises, although the VDAF&M had a one-time fund for commodity groups.

 

Recommendation 2:

Coordinate an effort to examine the relevant data and initiate research, demonstrations, and market studies of a wide range of alternative crops and animals to determine which have the greatest potential to play a part in Vermont’s agricultural future. Invest in support for ongoing diversified and value-added enterprises, such as farmstead cheese making, sugar making, and horticulture.

 

 

 

3) Use-value appraisal and other tax policies that recognize the value of maintaining 'open land' are essential to the long-term viability of farming and forestry in the face of development pressure and high property taxes.

 

Taxes are a serious financial burden for many Vermont farmers. Proposals to address this problem have been developed to address this issue by the Conservation Law Foundation, working with agricultural leaders from around the state. Studies by the American Farmland trust show that maintaining farm and forestland helps keep property taxes down. Recently, a study by the Vermont Forum on Sprawl showed that Vermont towns with the least development had the lowest property taxes.

 

Support for the agricultural tax policies proposed by a committee convened by the Conservation Law Foundation of Vermont needs to be strengthened by providing appropriate information and education to the public and to the legislature.

 

Recommendation 3:

Reduce use value appraisals for farm buildings from 30% of the fair market value to 0%; create sales tax exemption for agricultural inputs, including products used for agricultural operations as well as agricultural products produced on the farm; exempt from the property transfer tax land that will be actively operated or leased, as part of a farm enterprise.

 

 

 

4) We need to plan for the future, protecting our Vermont community uniqueness while preparing to compete in the global agricultural economy. Ongoing support is needed to continue to develop products and markets that directly benefit Vermont farmers and their communities.

 

As downward price pressures continue to challenge the profitability of farms selling into commodity markets, there will continue to be farm expansions in an effort to create greater economy of scale. However, there is a wide range of opinion about the desirability of “large” farms. Even though Vermont’s large farms are small compared to some others nationwide, the intimacy of Vermont communities and the quality of life that our citizens expect makes our situation somewhat unique. Many Vermonters want farming to be on a scale that is appropriate to the landscape, the roads, and their communities.

Conflicting desires and differing perceptions of risk should be recognized as normal and equally valid positions. The current policy and process for decision making should be examined to see if it could be improved so as to assure the best balance between community desires and the right of agricultural enterprises to ‘grow’ in order to compete. This is not an easy issue to resolve but good communication and objective exploration of viable alternatives is a key to dealing with it.

Recommendation 4:

Assist farmers in conducting economic analyses of potential alternatives to expansion, such as diversification, value-added production, management intensive grazing, and agri-tourism, which could reduce the risks associated with commodity marketing and help avoid conflict with neighbors over expansion.

 

Council members expressed a diversity of opinion on the issue of farm size and scale. The Council agreed to acknowledge that the State of Vermont has made progress in adopting an appropriate review and regulatory framework for large farms. All Council members concurred that that farms of all sizes and types should be environmentally responsible members of their communities.

 

 

5) Local consumption of Vermont-grown food should be increased by enhancing consumer awareness of the benefits of buying locally and by providing incentives for public agencies to purchase locally.

 

This issue has widespread support among agencies, organizations and the public. With the ongoing consolidation of food distribution and retailing, the need to strengthen local and regional markets for producers is more critical than ever.

 

Several successful ‘buy local’ public relations effort already exist, such as the ‘Be A Local Hero’ campaign in western Massachusetts. A coalition of agricultural organizations in Vermont has been meeting to determine the best options for starting a similar effort here, recognizing that local food buying in Vermont is already being promoted, through the VAAF&M’s Seal of Quality labels, promotional brochures, and web site listings; the Vermont Fresh Network’s efforts; and commercial TV ads for Cabot Cheese and other products. Some commodity groups have also engaged in media promotional efforts, including the Vermont Cheese Council, Vermont Beef Producers, and the Vermont Vegetable and Berry Growers.

 

A number of public events promote local agriculture and therefore food production, but indirectly in most cases. The Vermont Agricultural Fairs Association brochure lists statewide events, and there are many small town fairs and commodity-oriented festivals across Vermont that enhance awareness of local products. The Interstate-91 rest stop in Brattleboro has displays that promote Vermont foods. Organizations like the Upper Valley’s Vital Communities have been instrumental in organizing community events that celebrate local food and farms.

 

Some effort is underway to connect institutions, specifically schools, to local food. The FEED program (Food Education Every Day) developed by NOFA, Shelburne Farms and Food Works, with collaboration from the VT Department of Education and several local schools. FEED links use of local farm products to child nutrition improvement and curriculum enrichment.

 

Recommendation 5:

Promote farmer and consumer connections. Implement a coordinated ‘buy local’ campaign with a common statewide theme and supporting messages that influence consumer purchases. Identify obstacles and incentives for public agencies and institutions with regard to buying local food. Collect baseline data on both institutional and consumer food buying.

6) A positive future for Vermont's agriculture requires increased support for programs that encourage youth to understand and value farming.

 

A variety of activities currently provide young people in grades K-12 with positive information and experiences about agriculture. These include: Ag in the Classroom, the Farm Bureau’s sponsorship of educational ‘dairy barns’ for in-school use, NOFA’s farm mentor program that encourages farmers to get involved in education, and the effort of FoodWorks, Shelburne Farms and others to develop standards-based curriculum materials about agriculture and food.

 

There are approximately 400 FFA members statewide and hundreds more 4-H members working on agricultural projects around the state. There are 17 high school technical centers around the state that provide about 1,000 young people with hands-on agricultural experiences. Some high schools have active programs that use land on their sites, including Essex Technical Center, Springfield Technical Center, and the Brattleboro Career Center in collaboration with UVM’s Youth Horticulture project. Private high schools, such as the Mountain School in Vershire and Putney School in Putney also have working farms that involve students. Smoky House in Danby and Kindle Farm in Newfane use agriculture to engage at-risk kids that are struggling in the public schools.

 

Several institutions of higher education in Vermont have farm programs that provide hands-on experience. At UVM, these include the CREAM dairy program and the student-run community supported agriculture (CSA) vegetable farm. There are also farms at Bennington College, Sterling College, and Green Mountain College.

 

The sustainable agriculture internship program at UVM had a positive impact on about 70 college students during its four years of activity. However, obtaining external funds proved difficult so the program has been put on hold. Agricultural internships through individual departments are still available to students. NOFA-Vermont has an ongoing apprenticeship program that places several dozen young men and women (typically in their 20's) from around the country onto Vermont farms for seasonal work.

 

Professional development opportunities for educators about agricultural topics are essential to the ability of teachers to encourage promote student understanding of farming and food production. The state’s educational requirements need to support that goal if teachers are to ‘buy in’ to it.

 

Recommendation 6:

Increase investment in innovative efforts to educate youth about agriculture with an emphasis on ‘experiential’ learning that encourages young people to work on or visit farms as part of their formal education. Include a rigorous natural resources and agriculture standard in the Vermont Framework of Learning Standards, as recently proposed by a working group.

 

 

7) Build on the successful conservation of farmland with programs that focus on ensuring the success of future agricultural enterprises on this land.

 

The Vermont Land Trust (VLT), the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board (VHCB), the Vermont Department of Agriculture, Food and Markets (VDAF&M) and many smaller, local land trusts have been very successful at securing conservation easements on farm land throughout Vermont. As of December, 2001, VLT had conserved 389,000 acres of land including a total of 428 working farms. Land conservation will help assure that farming can take place for many generations, but a parallel effort is needed to recruit and encourage new entrants to farming.

 

Land Link Vermont was started in 1998 to facilitate connections between people who want to farm and people that have available farmland. The program's matching service database currently includes 239 people (185 seekers and 54 owners representing over 11,220 acres). A total of 422 people have enrolled since the program started four years ago. To date, 14 assisted matches have been made, keeping 3,143 acres in agriculture. To have greater impact, Land Link needs collaboration from other agricultural organization to enroll more farm owners, and to secure more reliable sources of funding as it is currently supported by grants and gifts.

 

Many outreach programs, including Land Link, provide referral and training to new and aspiring farmers, but until recently these efforts have not been coordinated. In March 2002 a statewide Beginning Farmer forum identified priority actions for promoting the success of new farmers in Vermont. Seventy people attended; half were farmers and half were from organizations including: Farm Service Agency, Intervale Foundation, Natural Resources Conservation Service, NOFA-VT, UVM Center for Sustainable Agriculture, UVM Extension, VLT, Women's Agricultural Network (WagN) and Yankee Farm Credit.

 

Priorities identified were: coordination of new farmer programs, creation of a new farmer resource packet, low interest loans and grants for new farmers, ongoing business training for new farmers, hands-on new farmer practical skills courses, and an examination of land conservation policy as it relates to new farmers. Follow-up meetings established the ‘Vermont New Farmer Network’ to strengthen collaboration and communication around service to new farmers. Member organizations crafted a proposal to expand existing programs, including: a part-time New Farmer Coordinator housed at the UVM Center for Sustainable Agriculture; support for NOFA-Vermont’s revolving loan fund with specific attention to new farmers; new farmer scholarships for the ‘NxLevel’ business planning course; operating funds for the ‘Growing Places’ pre-business planning program; new farmer technical workshops coordinated with the Intervale Foundation; enhancement of NOFA-Vermont’s farm apprenticeship program; and a study of land conservation policy as it relates to New Farmers.

 

Recommendation 7:

Promote and support the Vermont New Farm Network in providing coordinated services, effective communication, and financial resources necessary to implement the priority actions that will promote success of new farmers in Vermont. Maintain funding for the 2+2 program’s college scholarships for Vermont’s most promising young farmers; provide financial support to LandLink Vermont to help keep land in farming.

 

 

 

8)  A public relations effort is needed that increases public awareness of the positive aspects of agriculture and the value of farming to Vermont's economy, culture, environment and aesthetics.

 

There is a wide variety of outreach about the positive aspects of agriculture in Vermont, including its innovative farmers, good stewardship practices, high-quality products, and beneficial effects on rural communities and the working landscape. However, much of this outreach is directed at the agricultural community rather than the general public, through publications such as Agriview, Country Folks, New England Farmer, The Pipeline, commodity-oriented newsletters, magazines, and a variety of exemplary farm awards. Media with a broader audience, such as Vermont Life, and Vermont Public Television also tend to present a positive view of agriculture.

 

Too often, media coverage seems to focus on negative rather than positive aspects of agriculture. Crises, conflict, and weather woes tend to make better headlines than day-to-day success based on good management. Yet, Vermont does have television, radio and print media personnel that are interested in and sympathetic to agriculture. They are willing to cover stories related to farm families, entrepreneurship, and community involvement with agriculture. A more coordinated and aggressive effort is still needed to help disseminate positive information about agriculture to the general public and to the media.

 

Recommendation 8:

Develop a public relations plan that includes compelling 'talking points' that reinforce positive messages about agriculture. Economic and social data that speaks to the value of agriculture needs to be collected and condensed into a useful, consumer-friendly format.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council

 Summary of Recommended Actions

 

The Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council recommended eight priorities for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture in Vermont.

 

1) Include agriculturally based enterprises as an integral part of economic development planning and analysis in Vermont.  Develop a coordinated effort with the Department of Economic Development to promote farm-based businesses. Analyze the full value and importance of agriculture (economic, social, environmental) using the analytical resources of UVM and include voices representing this understanding into public and private sector economic development boards such the Governor’s Council of Economic Advisors, the Vermont Economic Progress Council, the UVM Board of Trustees, and the Vermont Board of Education.

 

2) Initiate research, demonstrations, and market studies of a wide range of alternative crops and animals to determine which have the greatest potential to play a part in Vermont’s agricultural future. Invest in support for ongoing diversified and value-added enterprises.

 

3) Reduce use value appraisals for farm buildings from 30% of the fair market value to 0%; create sales tax exemption for agricultural inputs, including products used for agricultural operations as well as agricultural products produced on the farm; exempt from the property transfer tax land that will be actively operated or leased, as part of a farm enterprise. 

 

4) Assist farmers in conducting economic analyses of alternatives to expansion, such as diversification, value-added production, management intensive grazing, and agri-tourism, which would reduce the risks associated with commodity marketing and help avoid conflict with neighbors over expansion.

 

5) Promote farmer and consumer connections. Implement a coordinated ‘locally grown’ campaign with a common statewide theme and supporting messages that influence consumer purchases. Identify obstacles and incentives for public agencies and institutions with regard to buying local food. Collect baseline data on both institutional and consumer food buying.

 

6) Increase investment in innovative efforts to educate youth about agriculture with an emphasis on ‘experiential’ learning that encourages young people to work on or visit farms as part of their formal education. Include a rigorous natural resources and agriculture standard in the Vermont Framework of Learning Standards, as recently proposed by a working group.

 

7) Promote and support the Vermont New Farm Network in providing coordinated services and financial resources necessary to implement the priority actions that will promote success of new farmers in Vermont. Maintain funding for the 2+2 program’s college scholarships for promising young farmers; provide financial support to LandLink Vermont to help keep land in farming.

 

8)  Develop a public relations plan that includes compelling 'talking points' that reinforce positive messages about agriculture. Economic and social data that speaks to the value of agriculture needs to be collected and condensed into a useful, consumer-friendly format.

 

 

 

Vermont Sustainable Agriculture Council Members

The council's legislative mandate is to encourage the development and use of economically and ecologically sound sustainable agriculture practices. Some Council positions are dictated by law and others have historically been appointed by the Vermont Commissioner of the Vermont Department of Agriculture with the concurrence of the Dean of the Division of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Extension at the University of Vermont.

Leon Berthiaume, General Manager, St. Albans Cooperative Creamery

John Bradley, Vermont Department of Education                                

Megan Camp, Vice President, Shelburne Farms     

Davis Cherington, Consultant, Conservation Fund                                  

Larry Forcier, (Co-chair) Director, University of Vermont Extension

Vern Grubinger, Director, UVM Center for Sustainable Agriculture

Peter Leonard, on behalf o the president of Vermont Technical College

Steve Kerr, (Chair) Secretary, Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food & Markets

Fred Magdoff, Northeast Director, USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education

David Marvin, Maple Producer, Butternut Mountain Farm

John Bradley, Vermont Department of Education                                

Jenny Nelson, Dairy Farmer, Home Acres Farm                                  

Will Rapp, President, Gardener's Supply Company

Caleb Scott, Beef Farmer, Crow Hill Farm                                                

Representative Harvey Smith, Dairy Farmer, Harvey Farm 

Enid Wonnacott, Director, Northeast Organic Farming Association of Vermont