NOMENCLATURE OF GENERA AND SUBGENERIC TAXA RELEVANT TO THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS POLYSTICHUM (DRYOPTERIDACEAE)

David S. Barrington, University of Vermont

May, 2008

RELEVANT GENERA

The genera with asterisks are segregates of Polystichum whose species should be treated as Polystichum  species.

*Acropelta Nakai, Bull. Nation. Sc. Mus. (Tokyo) 33:5. 1953. Type species: Polystichum omeiense C.Chr., Ind. Fil. 67. 1905; 585. 1906. nom. nov. for Aspidium carvifolium Bak. JoB. 1888:288 (non A. carvifolium Kze. 1851). 

*Adenoderris J. Sm., Historia Filicum 222. 1875. Type species: Adenoderris glandulosa (Hooker & Greville) J. Sm. , based on Aspidium glandulosum Hooker & Greville, Ic. Fil. t. 140.

*Aetopteron Ehrhart, Beitr. 4: 148. 1789.nom. nud. [aff. Fraser-Jenkins, 1997].  based on Polypodium aculeatum L.  See House, H.D. 1920.  The genus Aetopetron, Ehrhart.  Amer. Fern J. 10:88-89. 

Amblia C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 184. 1836. Type species: Amblia juglandifolia (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willd.) Presl, based on Polypodium juglandifolium Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4 5:195.  1810.  [exindusiate Phanerophlebia]

*Cyrtogonellum Ching, Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology 8(5): 327-328. 1938. Type species: Cyrtogonellum fraxinellum(H. Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 329. 1938, based on Aspidium fraxinellum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7:15. 1899.

*Cyrtomidictyum Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 182. 1940. Type species: Cyrtomidictyum lepidocaulon(Hook.)Ching, based on Aspidium lepidocaulon Hooker, Sp. Fil. 4: 12. 1862.(note: has same type as Polystichum section Cyrtomiopsis Tagawa.)

Cyrtomium C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 86. 1836.  Type species [first listed]: Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 86. 1836--based on Polypodium falcatum L.f.,  Suppl. 446. 1781. 

*Hemesteum Leveillé., Flore de Kouy-Tcheou Fougeres 496. 1915. Type species [first listed]: Hemesteum craspedosorum (Maxim.) Leveillé, based on Aspidium craspedosorum Maxim., Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. 15:231. Mél. Biol. 7:341.1871. = Polystichum craspedosorum (Maxim.)Diels. 

*Hypopeltis Michx. ex Bory, Bél. Voy. Bot. 2. 63. 1833.Type species: Hypopeltis lobulata Bory, Exp. Scientif. de Morée 32. 286. 1832.  = Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth.

*Papuapteris C. Chr., Brittonia 2:300 f.2. 1937. Type species: Papuapteris lineare C. Chr. (New Guinea)

Phanerophlebia C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 84. 1836. Type species: Phanerophlebia nobilis (Schecht. & Chsm.) C. Presl, based on Aspidium nobile Schlecht. and Cham., Linn. 5: 610. 1830. 

*Phanerophlebiopsis Ching, Acta Phyotax. Sin. 10:115. 1965.  pro parte -- Type species: Phanerophlebiopsis tsiangiana Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10(2): 116, t. 21, f.5-7. 1965 & Bull. Bot. Res. 7(1): 72. 1986.   [The type species probably pertains to Arachniodes, but some species are probably polystichums.]

*Plecosorus Fée, Gen. Fil. 150. Pl. 13. 1850-1852.  Type species: Plecosorus speciosissimus (A.Br. ex Kunze) Fée, based on Cheilanthes speciosissima A.Br. ex Kunze, Anal. 35 t. 23. 1837. = Polystichum speciosissimum(A. Braun ex Kunze) Tryon & Tryon.

*Ptilopteris Hance, Journal of Botany, British & Foreign 1884:138-139. 1884.  Type:  Ptilopteris hancockii Hance, JoB. 1884:139. 1884. = Polystichum hancockii(Hance)Diels, Nat. Pfl. 1(4):191. 1899.

*Sorolepidium Christ, Bot. Gaz.51:350. 1911.  emend. Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3):15. 1978. Type species: Sorolepidium glaciale (Christ) Christ, based on Polystichum glaciale Christ, Bull. Soc. Fr. 52. Mém. I:28. 1905.

Pichi-Sermolli (Tent. Pterid., 1977: 463) recognized Papuapteris, Plecosorus, Cyrtogonellum, and Cyrtomidictyum but not  Sorolepidium.  He recognized both Cyetomium and Phenerophlebia.  He considered Lithostegia to be closely allied to Acropelta, which he recognized, and a possible remote ancestor of Polystichum.

In Ching’s systematic arrangement of the Chinese fern genera, he recognized the following genera (Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 16[3]: 15. 1978): Polystichum, Sorolepidium, Phanerophlbeiopsis, Cyrtogonellum, Cyrtomidityum, and Cyrtomium.

THE GENUS POLYSTICHUM Roth

Type species Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth [because it is so designated as part of the designation of Polystichum as a nomen. conserv. in the 1988 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, see Frazer-Jenkins, C. 1997, Himalayan ferns: a guide to Polystichum, p. 8].

SECTIONS AND SERIES

sect. Achroloma Tagawa 1940: type species P. nepalense (Spreng.) C.Chr. (India, Yunnan, Szechuan, and Taiwan) sect. Aculeata Christ, Über die australen Polystichum Arten. Ark. Bot. 4(12) 1-5 1905. Type species: “A[spidium]. aculeatum” (Europe and western Asia).  First listed species is Polystichum orbiculare Desv. [sic], Mag. V. 321. 1811— a misspelling and incorrect generic placement of Aspidium orbiculatum Desv., Mag. V. 321. 1811 = Polystichum orbiculatum (Desv.) Remy & Fée (Mexico to Bolivia)

sect. Adenolepia Daigobo 1972: type species P. formosanum Rost. (Ryukyu and Taiwan)

sect. Afra Roux 1998: type species P. transkeiense W.B.G. Jacobsen (southern Africa)

sect. Cirrhosa Roux 1998: type species P. macleae(Baker)Diels (southern Africa)

sect. Crucifilix Tagawa 1940: type species P. tripteron (Kunze) C. Presl (Japan, eastern Siberia, southern Saghalien, Korea, and China)

sect. Cyrtomiopsis Tagawa 1940: type species P. lepidocaulon (Hook.) J.Sm. (Japan and Taiwan)

sect. Cyrtomiphlebium (of Polypodium) W.J. Hooker, Sp. Fil. 5:15. 1864: type species Phegopteris dubia Karst. = Polystichum  dubium (Karst.)Diels

sect. Duropolystichum  Fraser-Jenkins 1997: type species P. squarrosum (Don)Fée (Sino-Himalayan region)

sect. Haplopolystichum Tagawa 1940, emend. Daigobo 1972: type species P. deltodon(Bak.)Diels (Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, Szechuan, Yunnan, Hupeh, Kwangsi)

     ser. Deltodontes L.L.Xiang ex Ching 1994

     ser. Hecatoptera L.L. Xiang 1994

sect. Hypopeltis (Michx. ex Bory)T. Moore, Ind. Fil., lxxxiv. 1857.  Type species (based on Bory, not Moore who does not indicate a type): P.aculeatum (L.) Roth (Europe)

sect. Insularum Roux 1998: type species P. drepanum (Sw.) C.Presl (Madeira only)

sect. Lacera Roux 1998: type species P. falcinellum (Sw.) C.Presl (Madeira only)

sect. Lasiopolystichum Daigobo 1972: type species P. lachenense (Hook.)Bedd. (Japan, Taiwan, China and Himalayas, Aleutian Islands)

     ser. Moupinensia  H.S.Kung & L.B.Zhang 1996

     ser. Sinensia  H.S.Kung & L.B.Zhang 1996

sect. Macropolystichum Daigobo 1972: type species P. eximium (Mett. ex Kuhn) C.Chr. (Ceylon to southeastern China, Tonkin, Taiwan, and Japan [Yaku Is.]) - a synonym of P. anomalum (Hook. & Arn.) J. Smith fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997

     ser. Simplicipinnata Ching ex w. M. Chu et Z. R. He 2001: type species P. prionolepis Hayata (Taiwan)

     ser. Bipinnata [as Bipinnatum]  Ching ex w. M. Chu et Z. R. He 2001: type species P. eximium (Mett. ex Kuhn) C. Chr.

          subser. Decurrentia Ching ex W. M. Chu et Z. R. He 2001: type species P. chunii Ching

          subser. Disjuncta Ching ex W. M. Chu et Z. R. He 2001: type species P. eximium (Mett. ex Kuhn) C. Chr. [nom. superfl., = subser.           bipinnata?]

sect. Mastigopteris Tagawa 1940: type species P. craspedosorum(Maxim.)Diels (Japan, Korea, north and central China, southern and eastern Manchuria, eastern Siberia)

sect. Metapolystichum Tagawa 1940: type species P. setiferum (Forst.) Moore ex Woyn. (Europe, northern Africa)

     ser. Brauniana H.S. Kung & L.B. Zhang 1996

     ser. Exauricula H.S. Kung & L.B. Zhang 1996

     ser. Linearia H.S. Kung & L.B. Zhang 1996

     ser. Makinoiana H.S. Kung & L.B. Zhang 1996

     ser. Punctifera H.S. Kung & L.B. Zhang 1996

sect. Micropolystichum Daigobo, 1972: type species P. thomsoni (Hook.) Bedd. (North India, Szechuan, Yunnan, and Taiwan)

     ser. Basigemmifera  W. M. Chu et Z. R. He 2001: type species P. capillipes (Bak.)Diels (western China).

     ser. Exgemmifera  W. M. Chu et Z. R. He 2001: type species P. thomsoni (Hook. f.) Bedd. (China, Taiwan)

sect. Neopolystichum Ching ex L. B. Zhang et H. S. Kung, 1999. Type species P. grandifrons C. Chr. nom. nov. for P. grande Ching 1931 non Fée 1857

sect. Polystichum (Eupolystichum Diels emend. Tagawa 1940): type species P. lonchitis (L.) Roth (circumboreal)

sect. Prionolepia Daigobo 1972: type species P. biaristatum (Bl.) Moore (Java, Ceylon, Assam, Khassya, Burma, Yunnan, Annan, and Taiwan)

sect. Pungentia Roux 1998: type species P. pungens (Kaulf.) C.Presl (southern Africa)

sect. Scleropolystichum Daigobo 1972: type species P.aculeatum (L.) Roth (Europe)

sect. Sorolepidium (Christ) Tagawa 1940 (genus Sorolepidium Christ, Bot. Gaz. 51:360. 1911): type species P. duthiei (Hope) C.Chr. (Northwest India, Yunnan, Szechuan, and Taiwan in alpine regions) [Note that the type of the section is different from the type of the genus Sorolepidium.]

sect. Sphaenopolystichum Ching ex W. M. Chu et Z. R. He 2001: type P. omeiense C. Chr. (Southwest China).

sect. Stenopolystichum Daigobo 1972: type species P. stenophyllum Christ (North India, East Tibet, Yunnan, Szechuan, and Taiwan)

sect. Uncata Roux 1998: type species P. zambesiacum Schelpe (south-central Africa)

sect. Xiphopolystichum Daigobo, 1972: type species P. tsus-simense (Hook.) J. Sm.  (Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China)