The Thirty-first Annual Vermont Latin Day

Ludi Vermontenses Uno et Tricensimo Anno Celebrati

Friday, April 13, 2007

Idus Aprilis MMVII

The University of Vermont's Patrick Gym

in aulis Universitatis Viridis Montis

De Agricultura

Farms and Farming in Ancient Italy

Tellus (Mother Earth), detail from the Ara Pacis (13-9 BCE), Rome

It is worth the expense of youthful days and costly hours, if you learn only some words of an ancient language . . . It is not in vain that the farmer remembers and repeats the few Latin words which he has heard.

-Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1856)

!!! Latin Day is Friday, April 13th, 2007 at UVM's Patrick Gym !!!

PLEASE TAKE NOTE . . .

If your email has changed, or if this mailed package is the first you've heard of Latin day, send your email address to Pam Cunov at 802-656-3210, or pamela.cunov@uvm.edu, as important information and announcements about Latin Day will be sent electronically.

De Agricultura . . .

This year's theme celebrates a pursuit at the heart of the economies, lifestyles and values of both Vermont and ancient Italy, namely the cultivation of the land in all its many forms. This year's common Latin readings, on which the Junior and Senior Probationes will be based, come from Columella and Horace. Skits should focus on one of the many myths or historical vignettes that contain an agricultural component or flora/fauna motifs (See sample topics immediately below.) Displays and projects could explore the techniques and products of Roman agriculture, villa culture, cooking, slavery, animal husbandry, markets and distribution, and the physical landscape of the ancient Mediterranean.

This Packet Contains . . .

I. Horarium et Agenda (Schedule, Opening Ceremonies/Responses)

II. Annotated Latin Texts

III. Probatio Particulars

IIII. Special Instructions for the Mini Probatio

V. Scoring Information

VI. Cantica: Gaudeamus Igitur and Ecce Caesar

VII. Latin Day Registration Form

VIII. List of Displays and Presentations Form

IX. Map to Patrick Gymnasium

I. HORARIUM ET AGENDA

9:00-9:20 ~ ASSEMBLE in Patrick Gym, including REGISTRATION at the Registration Desk with Pam Cunov; SET UP EXHIBITS on the tables in Patrick Gym; BRIEFING of the “Microphone Masters” of each delegation with UVM student volunteer to learn how to use the stage sound equipment for the skits;

9:20-45 ~ OPENING CEREMONIES, including introduction of each delegation. When called upon, each delegation will stand, saying HIC SUMUS, and remain standing long enough to be judged for its COSTUMES (HABITUS). As in previous years, there will be a prize for the best costumes.

Latin greetings and responses during the opening ceremonies are as follows:

Magister: Salvete sodales omnes!

Omnes: Salve, magister!

Magister: Benigne accipimus vos omnes, discipuli discipulaeque, magistri magistraeque, sed primum volo me certum facere unde sitis. Ex ordine literarum vos petam et salutabo: Delegatio “A” ubi estis?

Omnis quaeque delegatio, in pedes surgens et habitus suas iudicibus monstrans: Hic sumus.

Magister: Nobis valde placet quod vos his in ludis fabulas de agricultura scaeniter monstrare vultis. Sed nunc volo introducere amicum meum, Will Stevens, colonum prudentissimum et tribunum plebis (= organic vegetable farmer and member of the House Agriculture Committee, Independent, Addison-Rutland County!), qui vos amice salutare et dicere aliquae de agricultura Vermontensi.

Omnes: Salve!

Will Stevens: (brief welcome)

Omnes: Gratias tibi agimus!

9:45-55 ~ SPECIAL AWARDS: Largest Delegation, Highest per capita Enrollment, School Traveling the Farthest, CANE Writing Contest Vermont Winners, Vermont Latin Sight Translations Test Winners, Largest Increase in Latin Enrollment, First Attendance at Latin Day

9:55-10:00 ~ STAND and SING Gaudeamus igitur (text and music, see section VI below)

10:00-30 ~ MAXI-PROBATIO for JUNIOR and SENIOR TEAMS in the the West Court of the Gym (see Probatio Particulars).

10:00-10:15 ~ MINI-PROBATIO: The Spectatores remain in the stands for a short viva voce Probatio, while the teams are participating in the Maxi-Probatio. NOTE: For the format of the Mini-Probatio, please see special instructions included in this packet.

10:15-10:30 VIEWING THE DISPLAYS: The Spectatores will have time for a short viewing of the Displays while the Probatio teams finish their work.

10:30-11:45 ~ SKITS! See special instructions about Skits, under SCORING INFORMATION (included in this packet)

11:45-12:00 ~ DISPLAY VIEWING

12:00-12:05 ~ RETURN TO SEATS

12:05-12:10 ~ STAND AND SING Ecce Caesar (text under section VI below)

12:10-25 ~ AWARDS for the Silver Bowls (for a combination of Displays, Maxi-Probatio Juniorum, and Skits) and Senior Probatio Plaque and Ribbons for the Skits and a Special Award for D.O.T. (Delegatio Optime Togata, i.e., BEST COSTUMES), then EXEUNT OMNES.

II. Annotated Latin Texts (for Probationes)

[Annotations and notes courtesy of Jacques Bailly.] The first set of readings (all from Columella) are for the Juniors. The Seniors are responsible for both sets of readings (i.e., both the Columella readings and the Horace Sermones 2.6 passage). For each set of readings, a complete vocabulary is provided.

1. LUCIUS JUNIUS MODERATUS COLUMELLA

On Working Dogs (Columella de Re Rustica 7.12.1)

nunc de mutis custodibus loquar; quamquam canis falso dicitur mutus custos.  Nam quis hominum clarius aut tanta vociferatione bestiam vel furem praedicat, quam iste latratu?  quis famulus amantior domini?  quis fidelior comes?  quis custos incorruptior?  quis excubitor inveniri potest vigilantior? quis denique ultor aut vindex constantior?  Quare vel in primis hoc animal mercari tuerique debet agricola, quod et villam et fructus familiamque et pecora custodit.

clarius: comparative adv.

quam iste latratu: supply a verb (from the preceeding clause).

quis famulus amantior domini: the verb is omitted from this and the following two questions, but the fourth question has a verb phrase: use that verb phrase for all 5 questions.

How to Name a Farm Dog (Columella de Re Rustica 7.12.13)

Nominibus autem non longissimis appellandi sunt, quo celerius quisque vocatus exaudiat: nec tamen brevioribus quam quae duabus syllabis enuntientur, sicuti Graecum est "skuvlax" Latinum "ferox," Graecum "lavkwn," Latinum "celer": vel femina, ut sunt Graeca "spoudhv," "ajlkhv," "rJwmhv": Latina, "lupa," "cerva," "tigris."

appellandi: a gerundive. Gerundives are adjectives, passives, and often necessitative. Translate as "(having) to be called."

quo celerius quisque vocatus exaudiat: a purpose clause. Remember that purpose clauses containing comparatives are introduced by quo and that all purpose clauses have subjunctive verbs. Translate quo as "in order that."

The Greek dog names: skuvlax means "puppy"; lavkwn means "Spartan"; spoudhv, ajlkhv, and rJwmhv mean "speed, prowess, and strength" respectively.

On Asses (Columella de Re Rustica 7.1.2)

Asinus imprudentis custodis negligentiam fortissime sustinet: plagarum et penuriae tolerantissimus: propter quae tardius deficit, quam ullum aliud armentum. Nam laboris et famis maxime patiens raro morbis afficitur.

plagarum et penuriae tolerantissimus: supply a form of "to be" here.

What to Look for in a Ram (Columella de Re Rustica 7.3.3)

Habitus autem maxime probatur, cum est altus atque procerus, ventre promisso atque lanato, cauda longissima densique velleris, fronte lata, intortis cornibus: non quia magis hic sit utilis, (nam est melior mutilus aries) sed quia minime nocent intorta potius quam surrecta et patula cornua.

Remember that ablatives can be used for qualities: est homo longis capillis means "he has long hair." Remember too that genitives can be used the same way: home est magnae sapientiae means "he is a man of great wisdom."

non quia magis hic sit utilis: reasons that are to be rejected take the subjunctive. Notice that the next quia clause has an indicative verb: it states the real reason that is to be accepted.

Vocabulary to Columella:


afficio, afficere, affeci, affectum, affect, influence

agricola, -ae, m., farmer

alius, alia, aliud, other

altus, -a, -um, tall

amans, amantis, participle/adj., loving

animal, animalis, n., animal

appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatum, call, name

aries, -etis, m., ram

armentum, -i, beast of burden

atque, and

aut, or

autem, nevertheless, however

bestia, -ae, f., animal, beast

brevis, breve, short

canis, canis, m. or f., dog

cauda, -ae, f., tail

celer, celeris, swift

cerva, -ae, f., doe or hind

clarus, -a, -um, loud

comes, comitis, m., companion

constans, -ntis, reliable,constant

cornu, cornus, n., horn

cum, when (conj.)

custodi, custodire, custodivi, custoditum, guard, protect

custos, custodis, m. or f., guardian

de + abl., from

debeo, debere, debui, debitum, ought (+ inf.)

deficio, deficere, defeci, defectum, fail, give out, weaken

denique, finally

densus, -a, -um, thick

dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, call, name

dominus, -i, m., master

duo, duae, duo, two (dat/abl pl. fem duabus)

enuntio, enuntiare, enuntiavi, enuntiatus, express, pronounce

exaudio, exaudire, exaudivi, exauditum, comply, pay heed, listen

excubitor, -oris, m., sentinel

falso, adv., wrongly

familia, -ae, f., family members and household staff

fames, famis, f., hunger

famulus, -i, m., servant

femina, -ae, f., female

ferox, ferocis, fierce

fidelis. -e, faithful

fortis, forte, hardy, strong

frons, frontis, f., forehead

fructus, -us, m., fruit; crop, harvest

fur, furis, m., thief

Graecus, -a, -um, Greek

habitus, -us, m., physical character

homo, hominis, m., human

imprudens, imprudentis, foolish

incorruptus, -a, -um, incorruptible

intortus, -a, -um, in-curving, twisting inwards

invenio, invenire, inveni, inventum, find, discover

iste, ista, istud, that

labor, laboris, m., work

lanatus, -a, -um, woolly

latus, -a, -um, broad

latratus, -us, m., barking

longus, -a, -um, long

loquor, loqui, locutus sum, speak

lupa, -ae, f., wolf

magis, adv., more

maxime, most, to the greatest degree

melior, melius, better

mercor, mercari, mercatus, buy

minime, least, to the least degree

morbus, -i, m., disease

mutilus, -a, -um, with stunted horns, hornless

mutus, -a, -um, mute

nam, for (causal)

nec, nor, and not, neither

negligentia, -ae, f., heedlessness, neglect

noceo, nocere, nocui, harm

nomen, nominis, n., name

nunc, now

patiens, -entis, enduring (of)

patulus, -a, -um, spreading

pecus, pecoris, n., livestock

penuria, -ae, f., scarcity

plaga, -ae, f., blow, abuse, beating

potius, rather

praedico (see dico), announce

primus, -a, -um, first: in primis, especially

probo, probare, probavi, probatus, approve

procerus, -a, -um, tall, lofty

promitto, promittere, promisi, promissus, project out

propter + acc., on account of, because of

quamquam, although

quam, than

quare, which is why, for which reason

quia, because

quis, quid, who?, what?

quisque, quaeque, quidque, each

quo (in a clause containing a comparative), so that (purpose: subjunctive verb)

raro, rarely

sed, but

sicuti (=sicut), as

surrectus, -a, um, upright, straight

sustineo, sustinere, sustinui, withstand, tolerate

syllaba, -ae, f., syllable

tantus, -a, um, so much, such (a)

tardus, -a, -um, late

tigris, -is, f., tiger

tolerans, tolerantis, able to endure, tolerant (of) (+gen.)

tueor, tueri, tuitus, maintain

tum, then

ullus, ulla, ullum, any

ultor, ultoris, m., avenger

ut, as

utilis,, -e, useful

vel, even

vellus, velleris, n., fleece

venter, ventris, m., stomach

vigilans, vigilantis, wakeful, watchful

villa, -ae, f., country residence

vindex, vindicis, m., defender

voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum, call, summon

vociferatio, -onis., f., loud voice


2. The Town and Country Mouse (Horace, Sermones 2.6 lines 73-end)

Note: This poem is given three ways:

Students might find it easiest to translate the basic prose version first, then move to the prose version, and then move to Horace's original.

The vocabulary at the end should have every word in the poem, with the exception of very basic words such as me, mihi, longus, or sum. There are some essential grammatical items in the vocabulary (such as what case an intransitive verb takes).