The Thirty-first Annual Vermont Latin Day
Ludi Vermontenses Uno et Tricensimo Anno Celebrati
Friday, April 13, 2007
Idus Aprilis MMVII
The University of Vermont's Patrick Gym
in aulis Universitatis Viridis Montis
De Agricultura
Farms and Farming in Ancient Italy
Tellus (Mother Earth), detail from the Ara Pacis (13-9 BCE), Rome
It is worth the expense of youthful days and costly hours, if you learn only some words of an ancient language . . . It is not in vain that the farmer remembers and repeats the few Latin words which he has heard.
-Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1856)
!!! Latin Day is Friday, April 13th, 2007 at UVM's Patrick Gym !!!
PLEASE TAKE NOTE . . .
If your email has changed, or if this mailed package is the first you've heard of Latin day, send your email address to Pam Cunov at 802-656-3210, or pamela.cunov@uvm.edu, as important information and announcements about Latin Day will be sent electronically.
De Agricultura . . .
This year's theme celebrates a pursuit at the heart of the economies, lifestyles and values of both Vermont and ancient Italy, namely the cultivation of the land in all its many forms. This year's common Latin readings, on which the Junior and Senior Probationes will be based, come from Columella and Horace. Skits should focus on one of the many myths or historical vignettes that contain an agricultural component or flora/fauna motifs (See sample topics immediately below.) Displays and projects could explore the techniques and products of Roman agriculture, villa culture, cooking, slavery, animal husbandry, markets and distribution, and the physical landscape of the ancient Mediterranean.
This Packet Contains . . .
I. Horarium et Agenda (Schedule, Opening Ceremonies/Responses)
II. Annotated Latin Texts
III. Probatio Particulars
IIII. Special Instructions for the Mini Probatio
V. Scoring Information
VI. Cantica: Gaudeamus Igitur and Ecce Caesar
VII. Latin Day Registration Form
VIII. List of Displays and Presentations Form
IX. Map to Patrick Gymnasium
I. HORARIUM ET AGENDA
9:00-9:20 ~ ASSEMBLE in Patrick Gym, including REGISTRATION at the Registration Desk with Pam Cunov; SET UP EXHIBITS on the tables in Patrick Gym; BRIEFING of the “Microphone Masters” of each delegation with UVM student volunteer to learn how to use the stage sound equipment for the skits;
9:20-45 ~ OPENING CEREMONIES, including introduction of each delegation. When called upon, each delegation will stand, saying HIC SUMUS, and remain standing long enough to be judged for its COSTUMES (HABITUS). As in previous years, there will be a prize for the best costumes.
Latin greetings and responses during the opening ceremonies are as follows:
Magister: Salvete sodales omnes!
Omnes: Salve, magister!
Magister: Benigne accipimus vos omnes, discipuli discipulaeque, magistri magistraeque, sed primum volo me certum facere unde sitis. Ex ordine literarum vos petam et salutabo: Delegatio “A” ubi estis?
Omnis quaeque delegatio, in pedes surgens et habitus suas iudicibus monstrans: Hic sumus.
Magister: Nobis valde placet quod vos his in ludis fabulas de agricultura scaeniter monstrare vultis. Sed nunc volo introducere amicum meum, Will Stevens, colonum prudentissimum et tribunum plebis (= organic vegetable farmer and member of the House Agriculture Committee, Independent, Addison-Rutland County!), qui vos amice salutare et dicere aliquae de agricultura Vermontensi.
Omnes: Salve!
Will Stevens: (brief welcome)
Omnes: Gratias tibi agimus!
9:45-55 ~ SPECIAL AWARDS: Largest Delegation, Highest per capita Enrollment, School Traveling the Farthest, CANE Writing Contest Vermont Winners, Vermont Latin Sight Translations Test Winners, Largest Increase in Latin Enrollment, First Attendance at Latin Day
9:55-10:00 ~ STAND and SING Gaudeamus igitur (text and music, see section VI below)
10:00-30 ~ MAXI-PROBATIO for JUNIOR and SENIOR TEAMS in the the West Court of the Gym (see Probatio Particulars).
10:00-10:15 ~ MINI-PROBATIO: The Spectatores remain in the stands for a short viva voce Probatio, while the teams are participating in the Maxi-Probatio. NOTE: For the format of the Mini-Probatio, please see special instructions included in this packet.
10:15-10:30 VIEWING THE DISPLAYS: The Spectatores will have time for a short viewing of the Displays while the Probatio teams finish their work.
10:30-11:45 ~ SKITS! See special instructions about Skits, under SCORING INFORMATION (included in this packet)
11:45-12:00 ~ DISPLAY VIEWING
12:00-12:05 ~ RETURN TO SEATS
12:05-12:10 ~ STAND AND SING Ecce Caesar (text under section VI below)
12:10-25 ~ AWARDS for the Silver Bowls (for a combination of Displays, Maxi-Probatio Juniorum, and Skits) and Senior Probatio Plaque and Ribbons for the Skits and a Special Award for D.O.T. (Delegatio Optime Togata, i.e., BEST COSTUMES), then EXEUNT OMNES.
II. Annotated Latin Texts (for Probationes)
[Annotations and notes courtesy of Jacques Bailly.] The first set of readings (all from Columella) are for the Juniors. The Seniors are responsible for both sets of readings (i.e., both the Columella readings and the Horace Sermones 2.6 passage). For each set of readings, a complete vocabulary is provided.
1. LUCIUS JUNIUS MODERATUS COLUMELLA
On Working Dogs (Columella de Re Rustica 7.12.1)
nunc de mutis custodibus loquar; quamquam canis falso dicitur mutus custos. Nam quis hominum clarius aut tanta vociferatione bestiam vel furem praedicat, quam iste latratu? quis famulus amantior domini? quis fidelior comes? quis custos incorruptior? quis excubitor inveniri potest vigilantior? quis denique ultor aut vindex constantior? Quare vel in primis hoc animal mercari tuerique debet agricola, quod et villam et fructus familiamque et pecora custodit.
clarius: comparative adv.
quam iste latratu: supply a verb (from the preceeding clause).
quis famulus amantior domini: the verb is omitted from this and the following two questions, but the fourth question has a verb phrase: use that verb phrase for all 5 questions.
How to Name a Farm Dog (Columella de Re Rustica 7.12.13)
Nominibus autem non longissimis appellandi sunt, quo celerius quisque vocatus exaudiat: nec tamen brevioribus quam quae duabus syllabis enuntientur, sicuti Graecum est "skuvlax" Latinum "ferox," Graecum "lavkwn," Latinum "celer": vel femina, ut sunt Graeca "spoudhv," "ajlkhv," "rJwmhv": Latina, "lupa," "cerva," "tigris."
appellandi: a gerundive. Gerundives are adjectives, passives, and often necessitative. Translate as "(having) to be called."
quo celerius quisque vocatus exaudiat: a purpose clause. Remember that purpose clauses containing comparatives are introduced by quo and that all purpose clauses have subjunctive verbs. Translate quo as "in order that."
The Greek dog names: skuvlax means "puppy"; lavkwn means "Spartan"; spoudhv, ajlkhv, and rJwmhv mean "speed, prowess, and strength" respectively.
On Asses (Columella de Re Rustica 7.1.2)
Asinus imprudentis custodis negligentiam fortissime sustinet: plagarum et penuriae tolerantissimus: propter quae tardius deficit, quam ullum aliud armentum. Nam laboris et famis maxime patiens raro morbis afficitur.
plagarum et penuriae tolerantissimus: supply a form of "to be" here.
What to Look for in a Ram (Columella de Re Rustica 7.3.3)
Habitus autem maxime probatur, cum est altus atque procerus, ventre promisso atque lanato, cauda longissima densique velleris, fronte lata, intortis cornibus: non quia magis hic sit utilis, (nam est melior mutilus aries) sed quia minime nocent intorta potius quam surrecta et patula cornua.
Remember that ablatives can be used for qualities: est homo longis capillis means "he has long hair." Remember too that genitives can be used the same way: home est magnae sapientiae means "he is a man of great wisdom."
non quia magis hic sit utilis: reasons that are to be rejected take the subjunctive. Notice that the next quia clause has an indicative verb: it states the real reason that is to be accepted.
Vocabulary to Columella:
afficio, afficere, affeci, affectum, affect, influence
agricola, -ae, m., farmer
alius, alia, aliud, other
altus, -a, -um, tall
amans, amantis, participle/adj., loving
animal, animalis, n., animal
appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatum, call, name
aries, -etis, m., ram
armentum, -i, beast of burden
atque, and
aut, or
autem, nevertheless, however
bestia, -ae, f., animal, beast
brevis, breve, short
canis, canis, m. or f., dog
cauda, -ae, f., tail
celer, celeris, swift
cerva, -ae, f., doe or hind
clarus, -a, -um, loud
comes, comitis, m., companion
constans, -ntis, reliable,constant
cornu, cornus, n., horn
cum, when (conj.)
custodi, custodire, custodivi, custoditum, guard, protect
custos, custodis, m. or f., guardian
de + abl., from
debeo, debere, debui, debitum, ought (+ inf.)
deficio, deficere, defeci, defectum, fail, give out, weaken
denique, finally
densus, -a, -um, thick
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum, call, name
dominus, -i, m., master
duo, duae, duo, two (dat/abl pl. fem duabus)
enuntio, enuntiare, enuntiavi, enuntiatus, express, pronounce
exaudio, exaudire, exaudivi, exauditum, comply, pay heed, listen
excubitor, -oris, m., sentinel
falso, adv., wrongly
familia, -ae, f., family members and household staff
fames, famis, f., hunger
famulus, -i, m., servant
femina, -ae, f., female
ferox, ferocis, fierce
fidelis. -e, faithful
fortis, forte, hardy, strong
frons, frontis, f., forehead
fructus, -us, m., fruit; crop, harvest
fur, furis, m., thief
Graecus, -a, -um, Greek
habitus, -us, m., physical character
homo, hominis, m., human
imprudens, imprudentis, foolish
incorruptus, -a, -um, incorruptible
intortus, -a, -um, in-curving, twisting inwards
invenio, invenire, inveni, inventum, find, discover
iste, ista, istud, that
labor, laboris, m., work
lanatus, -a, -um, woolly
latus, -a, -um, broad
latratus, -us, m., barking
longus, -a, -um, long
loquor, loqui, locutus sum, speak
lupa, -ae, f., wolf
magis, adv., more
maxime, most, to the greatest degree
melior, melius, better
mercor, mercari, mercatus, buy
minime, least, to the least degree
morbus, -i, m., disease
mutilus, -a, -um, with stunted horns, hornless
mutus, -a, -um, mute
nam, for (causal)
nec, nor, and not, neither
negligentia, -ae, f., heedlessness, neglect
noceo, nocere, nocui, harm
nomen, nominis, n., name
nunc, now
patiens, -entis, enduring (of)
patulus, -a, -um, spreading
pecus, pecoris, n., livestock
penuria, -ae, f., scarcity
plaga, -ae, f., blow, abuse, beating
potius, rather
praedico (see dico), announce
primus, -a, -um, first: in primis, especially
probo, probare, probavi, probatus, approve
procerus, -a, -um, tall, lofty
promitto, promittere, promisi, promissus, project out
propter + acc., on account of, because of
quamquam, although
quam, than
quare, which is why, for which reason
quia, because
quis, quid, who?, what?
quisque, quaeque, quidque, each
quo (in a clause containing a comparative), so that (purpose: subjunctive verb)
raro, rarely
sed, but
sicuti (=sicut), as
surrectus, -a, um, upright, straight
sustineo, sustinere, sustinui, withstand, tolerate
syllaba, -ae, f., syllable
tantus, -a, um, so much, such (a)
tardus, -a, -um, late
tigris, -is, f., tiger
tolerans, tolerantis, able to endure, tolerant (of) (+gen.)
tueor, tueri, tuitus, maintain
tum, then
ullus, ulla, ullum, any
ultor, ultoris, m., avenger
ut, as
utilis,, -e, useful
vel, even
vellus, velleris, n., fleece
venter, ventris, m., stomach
vigilans, vigilantis, wakeful, watchful
villa, -ae, f., country residence
vindex, vindicis, m., defender
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum, call, summon
vociferatio, -onis., f., loud voice
2. The Town and Country Mouse (Horace, Sermones 2.6 lines 73-end)
Note: This poem is given three ways:
ORIGINAL:
The original words of Horace,
PROSE VERSION:
A prose version which preserves almost every word and the sentence structure of the original but puts Horace's words in approximately English word order, and
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
A "basic" prose version which consists almost exclusively of simple sentences and preserves almost all of the content of the poem.
NOTES and PUTTING IT TOGETHER:
In addition, there are occasional notes as well as sections about how to put simple sentences together.
Students might find it easiest to translate the basic prose version first, then move to the prose version, and then move to Horace's original.
The vocabulary at the end should have every word in the poem, with the exception of very basic words such as me, mihi, longus, or sum. There are some essential grammatical items in the vocabulary (such as what case an intransitive verb takes).
ORIGINAL:
...quod magis ad nos
pertinet et nescire malum est, agitamus, utrumne
divitiis homines an sint virtute beati,
PROSE VERSION:
agitamus quod magis ad nos pertinet et nescire malum est, utrum homines divitiis beati sint an homines virtute beati sint.
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Agitamus quaestiones:
Divitiaene homines beatos faciunt?
Virtusne homines beatos facit?
Illae quaestiones ad nos maxime pertinent.
Nescire illas res malum est.
PUTTING IT TOGETHER: more complex basic prose (indirect questions with subjunctive):
Hominesne beati divitiis sunt?
Agitamus utrum divitiae homines beatos faciant.
Agitamus utrum virtus homines beatos faciat.
Agitamus id quod ad nos pertinet et nescire malum est.
NOTES ABOUT PUTTING IT TOGETHER:
Horace's sentence is a main clause plus a relative (quod) clause, and the quod refers to the two indirect questions which follow.
ORIGINAL:
quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne, trahat nos 75
et quae sit natura boni summumque quid eius.
PROSE VERSION:
(et agitamus) quid nos ad amicitias trahat, usus rectumne, et quae sit natura boni et quid sit summum eius.
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Quid nos ad amicitias trahit?
Aut usus aut rectum nos ad amicitias trahit.
Ususne nos ad amicitias trahit?
Rectumne nos ad amicitias trahit?
Quae est natura boni?
Quid est summum boni?
PUTTING IT TOGETHER:
Agitamus utrum usus an rectum nos ad amicitias trahat.
Agitamus quoque quae sit natura boni.
ORIGINAL:
Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit anilis
ex re fabellas.
PROSE VERSION:
vicinus Cervius inter haec anilis fabellas ex re garrit.
NOTES:
inter haec: in the mean time.
ex re: arising from the subject matter under discussion
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Vicinus noster, Cervius, fabellas garrit.
Illae fabellae aniles sunt.
Cervius has fabellas garrit inter eas res quas agitamus.
Cervius propter has res illas fabellas nobis dicit.
Ergo hae fabellae ex hac re veniunt.
ORIGINAL:
siquis nam laudat Arelli
sollicitas ignarus opes, sic incipit:
PROSE VERSION:
nam si quis ignarus laudat sollicitas opes Arelli, sic incipit:
NOTES:
remember that "after si, nisi, num, and ne, all the ali-s drop away" so this quis=aliquis.
opes "sollicitae" sunt quia hae opes sollicitant Arellum.
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Opes Arelli eum sollicitant.
Ergo Horatius, poeta magnus, eas opes "sollicitas" dicit.
Si (ali)quis laudat opes Arelli, sic Arellus incipit:
ORIGINAL:
'olim
rusticus urbanum murem mus paupere fertur 80
accepisse cavo, veterem vetus hospes amicum,
asper et attentus quaesitis, ut tamen artum
solveret hospitiis animum.
PROSE VERSION:
rusticus mus fertur olim in paupere cavo accepisse urbanum murem: vetus hospes accepit veterem amicum. Rusticus mus erat asper et attentus quaesitis urbani muris ut artum animum urbani muris hospitiis solveret.
NOTE:
Poetry frequently omits prepositions. The prose version puts them back in.
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Rusticus mus olim accepit urbanum murem.
Rusticus et urbanus veteres amici erant.
Rusticus accepit urbanum in paupere cavo.
Rusticus erat asper.
Rusticus autem erat attentus quaesitis urbani muris.
Rusticus voluit solvere artum animum urbani.
Rusticus voluit solvere animum urbani hospitiis.
ORIGINAL:
quid multa? neque ille
sepositi ciceris nec longae invidit avenae,
aridum et ore ferens acinum semesaque lardi 85
frusta dedit, cupiens varia fastidia cena
vincere tangentis male singula dente superbo,
cum pater ipse domus palea porrectus in horna
esset ador loliumque, dapis meliora relinquens.
PROSE VERSION:
Quid multa dicam? Ille rusticus invidit neque sepositis ciceris neque longae avenae. Rusticus ore tulit aridum acinum semesaque frusta lardi ad urbanum et ea urbano dedit, quia cupivit vincere cena (cena is abl.) varia fastidia (accusatives) urbani muris, qui superbo dente male tangebat singula frusta, cum rusticus mus, pater domus, porrectus in horna palea esset ador loliumque et relinqueret meliorem partem dapis.
NOTE:
The genitives sepositis ciceris and longae avenae are dependent on invidit. This is probably done in imitation of Greek.
Cum here means "although" and so takes the subjunctive.
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Ille rusticus invidit neque sepositi ciceris neque longae avenae.
Tulit aridum acinum ore et semesa frusta lardi.
Ea urbano muri dedit.
Rusticus cupivit vincere varia fastidia amici.
Rusticus cupivit vincere varia fastidia amici cena.
Urbanus male tangebat singula frusta superbo dente.
Rusticus in horna palea porrectus erat et edit ador loliumque.
Rusticus non tangebat meliorem partem dapis.
Rusticus relinquit meliora urbano muri.
Rusticus, ferens acinum ore et cupiens vincere fastidia amici cena, non invidit ciceris.
Rusticus cupivit vincere fastidia urbani tangentis frustum dente superbo.
NOTE:
The genitives sepositis ciceris and longae avenae are dependent on invidit. This is probably done in imitation of Greek.
ORIGINAL:
tandem urbanus ad hunc "quid te iuvat" inquit, "amice, 90
praerupti nemoris patientem vivere dorso?
vis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis?
PROSE VERSION:
tandem urbanus ad amicum inquit "quid te iuvat, amice, vivere patientem multa mala in dorso praerupti nemoris? tu vis praeponere homines urbemque feris silvis?
NOTES:
No basic prose version of these lines is necessary.
Vivere is an infinitive dependent on iuvat.
Patientem modifies te.
Praeponere takes acc. + dat.
ORIGINAL:
carpe viam, mihi crede, comes, terrestria quando
mortalis animas vivunt sortita neque ulla est
aut magno aut parvo leti fuga: quo, bone, circa, 95
dum licet, in rebus iucundis vive beatus,
vive memor, quam sis aevi brevis." ...
PROSE VERSION:
Carpe viam (mihi crede, O comes), quando terrestria sortita sunt mortalis animas et vivunt neque est ulla fuga leti aut magno animali aut parvo animali: quocirca, O bone, vive beatus in rebus iucundis dum licet, et vive memor quam sis aevi brevis.
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Carpe viam.
Mihi credi.
Terrestria sortita sunt animas.
Eae animae sunt mortales.
Terrestria vivunt neque est ulla fuga leti.
Nulla fuga est magno animali aut parvo animali.
Quocirca vive beatus.
Vive in rebus iucundis dum licet.
Vive memor huius.
Es aevi brevis.
Quam brevis aevi es?
Vive memor quam sis aevi brevis.
NOTES:
quam means "how?" and modifies brevis.
ORIGINAL:
...haec ubi dicta
agrestem pepulere, domo levis exsilit; inde
ambo propositum peragunt iter, urbis aventes
moenia nocturni subrepere. ...
PROSE VERSION:
Ubi haec dicta pepulere agrestem, levis exsilit domo: inde ambo peragunt iter propositum et avent suprepere moenia urbis nocturni.
NOTES:
Pepulere =pepulerunt.
levis grammatically modifies the country mouse, but should be translated as an adverb modifying exsilit. Latin frequently uses an adjective modifying the subject where English like to use an adverb modifying the verb.
BASIC PROSE VERSION:
Rusticus haec dicta audivit.
Haec dicta pepulerunt rusticum.
Rusticus, levis mus, domo exsilit.
Ambo proponunt iter.
Ambo peragunt iter propositum.
Ambo avent subrepere moenia urbis.
ORIGINAL:
... iamque tenebat 100
nox medium caeli spatium, cum ponit uterque
in locuplete domo vestigia, rubro ubi cocco
tincta super lectos canderet vestis eburnos